• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2008

Background: Qigong is one energy-healing intervention used to prevent and cure ailments and to improve health through regular practice. Although Qigong-neither itself nor its postulated mechanism of action-are within the paradigm of modern Western medical science. effects on the human body could be possible. Objectives: This study aims to review the bibliography, biological responses and therapeutic effects of Qigong. In the process, this review grasp trends in this field of studies and direct further researches into the right direction. Method: The computerized Korean databases were searched from their respective inception up to January 2008. The search terms used were 'Qi', 'Qigong', 'Doin', 'training', 'bioenergy', 'life nurturing' and random or Korean language terms related to qigong. Several specialized journals were also manually searched for relevant articles. Result: Since the 1990s, Qigong papers in the Korean Literature have been increased. Clinical research studies are among the most control design study. Research subjects are less patient than the general public. The most common treatment disease was Musculo-skeletal disorder. Conclusions: The depth study for the each Qigong is needed. Specifically, I think it should be a clinical studies and qualified research methods for evaluation are needed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.48-55
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• 2006

A sustainable building must produce an interior environment that is safe, healthy, comfortable and supportive of human performance and well-being. The medical human comfort: performance and productivity cost of unhealthy environment may cause much cost for healing. Research that buildings with daylight, fresh air, eco-materials and sustainable interior design are consistently rated as more comfortable and occupants performance, satisfaction and health. This study is to categorize systematically interior environmental design elements for improving sustainability with a view to developing an evaluation model of super high-rise apartment unit plans. With a literature survey and design guide lines concerning sustainable design elements, three hierarchical categorization levels of human, environment, energy and resources systems that consists of upper, middle, low design elements have been proposed. A total of 6 items have been suggested for middle level of categorization and 24 items for lower level. Finally a total of 107 design elements concerning the 24 items and their relationahips have been revealed. The needs for a systematic approach to interior environmental design for sustainability have been discussed.

• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.387-393
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• 2018

Objectives: This paper describes an experience of implementing seamless service trials online and offline by adopting Internet of Things (IoT) technology based on near-field communication (NFC) tags and Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) beacons. The services were provided for both patients and health professionals. Methods: The pilot services were implemented to enhance healthcare service quality, improve patient safety, and provide an effective business process to health professionals in a tertiary hospital in Seoul, Korea. The services to enhance healthcare service quality include healing tours, cancer information/education, psychological assessments, indoor navigation, and exercise volume checking. The services to improve patient safety are monitoring of high-risk inpatients and delivery of real-time health information in emergency situations. In addition, the services to provide an effective business process to health professionals include surveys and web services for patient management. Results: Considering the sustainability of the pilot services, we decided to pause navigation and patient monitoring services until the interference problem could be completely resolved because beacon signal interference significantly influences the quality of services. On the other hand, we had to continue to provide new wearable beacons to high-risk patients because of hygiene issues, so the cost increased over time and was much higher than expected. Conclusions: To make the smart connected hospital services sustainable, technical feasibility (e.g., beacon signal interference), economic feasibility (e.g., continuous provision of new necklace beacons), and organizational commitment and support (e.g., renewal of new alternative medical devices and infrastructure) are required.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.202-215
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• 2019

Molecular sieve membranes separate molecules based on their size and/or shape and have been of high interest, due to their potentially high energy efficiency and high selectivity. Zeolite MFI membrane is one of the most-studied molecular sieve membranes and has affected following studies on other molecular sieve membranes. This review discusses the technical developments on the control of morphology, microstructure, and defect of MFI membranes, which have significantly improved xylene isomer separation performances. These include crystal morphology control, effective secondary growth, seed coating method, crystal orientation control, heteroatom doping, and defect healing method.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 2010

Laser irradiation is known to affect various tissues such as skin, bone, nerve, and skeletal muscle. Laser irradiation promotes ATP synthesis, facilitates wound healing, and stimulates cell proliferation and angiogenesis. In skeletal muscle, laser irradiation is related to the proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. Normal skeletal muscle contains remodeling capacity from myogenic cells that are derived from mononuclear satellite cells. Their processes are activated by the expression of genes related with myogenesis such as muscle-specific transcription factors (MyoD and Myf5) and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor). In this study, we hypothesized that laser irradiation would enhance and regulate muscle cell proliferation and regeneration through modulation of the gene expressions related with the differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells. $C_2C_{12}$ myoblastic cells were exposed to continuous/non-continuous laser irradiation (660nm/808nm) for 10 minutes daily for either 1 day or 5 days. After laser irradiation, cell proliferation and gene expression (MyoD, Myf5, VEGF) were quantified. Continuous 660nm laser irradiation significantly increased cell proliferation and gene expression compared to control, continuous 808nm laser irradiation, and non-continuous 660nm laser irradiation groups. These results indicate that continuous 660nm laser irradiation can be applied to the treatment and regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.302-308
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to compare removal torques and surface topography between laser treated and sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) treated implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Laser-treated implants (experimental group) and SLA-treated implants (control group) 8 mm in length and 3.4 mm in diameter were inserted into both sides of the tibiae of 12 rabbits. Surface analysis was accomplished using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM; Hitachi S-4800; Japan) under ${\times}25$, ${\times}150$ and ${\times}1,000$ magnification. Surface components were analyzed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Rabbits were sacrificed after a 6-week healing period. The removal torque was measured using the MGT-12 digital torque meter (Mark-10 Co., Copiague, NY, USA). RESULTS. In the experimental group, the surface analysis showed uniform porous structures under ${\times}25$, ${\times}150$ and ${\times}1,000$ magnification. Pore sizes in the experimental group were 20-40 mm and consisted of numerous small pores, whereas pore sizes in the control group were 0.5-2.0 mm. EDS analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups. The mean removal torque in the laser-treated and the SLA-treated implant groups were 79.4 Ncm (SD = 20.4; range 34.6-104.3 Ncm) and 52.7 Ncm (SD = 17.2; range 18.7-73.8 Ncm), respectively. The removal torque in the laser-treated surface implant group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=.004). CONCLUSION. In this study, removal torque values were significantly higher for laser-treated surface implants than for SLA-treated surface implants.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.631-639
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• 1996

Electrosurgical technique have been used in dentistry as an aid to soft tissue management for nearly 60 years. However, it was not until the late 1960s that the principles of electrosurgery were understood and improved equipment became available. Electrosurgery is a surgical procedure performed on soft tissue utilizing controlled high frequency electricaI(radio-frequency) currents in the range of 1,500,000 to 7,500,000 cyclesper second. The radio-frequency energy used in electrosurgery is able to cut and coagulate tissue because it focuses the energy at the small, active electrode. Advantages of electrosurgery for soft-tissue management during dental procedures include improved hemostasis, ease of tissue modification, improved visibility and so on, but adverse healing responses-including necrosis of soft tissue and sequestration of alveolar bone-have been reported. The present report provides examples of treatment of soft tissue and pulp tissue of primary teeth by electrosurgery. The results are as follows; 1. Electrosurgical techniques can be used for various procedures in pedodontics. 2. Electrosurgical procedures provide improved hemostasis and visibility in the operating field, which enable to remove, reshape, and contour soft tissues easily. 3. In pulpotomy technique, it was difficult to expect the variable pulpal response based on the degree of heat accumulation and the conditions of pulp tissues. Therefore, electrosurgical pulpotomy could not be considered as a method superior to formocresol pulpotomy. 4. A greater degree of dexterity and experiences in manipulation of the electrode is required compared with the conventional scalpel surgery.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.217-228
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• 1993

The purpose or this study was to observe the histological alteration of Langerhans cells on wound healing process in applying low energy laser irradiation. For this study, 50 Spraque-Dewly rats, weighing 150Gm or more were devided into control, experimental control group(0), 47.5Hz(1), 190Hz(3), 380Hz(5), 760Hz(7), lased group. All the experimental animals were made excision wound on buccal mucosa, 2mm depth, and lased with stoma laser (904nm, semconductor type ASGaAI, Sedalac France) 47.5Hz, 380Hz, 960Hz, 3minutes one time respectively except experimental control group. After the experiment, experimental animals were sacrificed after 24hours, 48hours, 72hours on each. Taken specimens were embedden in paraffin, sectioned 6-8u in thickness. And the langerhans cell were detected using ant S-100 protein antibody, and histochemically processed with Avidin Biotin complex method. All the Langerhan cells were calculated under light microspe in 400 multiplication field and standard deviation, probability test between each group were evaluated using statistical analysis system(S.A.S)program. Following results were obtained. 1. Langerhan cells were increased in experimental control group compared to that in control group(P<0.01). 2. 24hour after experiments, Langerhans cell were decreased compare to that in control group and control experimental group 5, 1, 3. Probability test shows significance between control experimental and 5, 1, 3 group on a =0.05 range. 3. 48our after experiment, Langerhans cells were decreased compare to that on experimental control group, and probability test shows significance between control experimental and 3, 7, 5 group an a=0.05 range. 4. 72hour after experiments, Langerhans cells were decreased compare to that on experimental control group and probability test on group comparison shows significance between control experimental and 1, 5 and 1 between 3, 7 between 3, and 5, between 7, respeilively on a=0.05 range. 5. Langerhans cells number in experimental group were decreased compare to that on experimental control group in applying laser irradiation.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2015

PURPOSE. To describe and characterize the surface topography and cleanliness of CAD/CAM manufactured zirconia abutments after steaming and ultrasonic cleaning. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 12 ceramic CAD/CAM implant abutments of various manufacturers were produced and randomly divided into two groups of six samples each (control and test group). Four two-piece hybrid abutments and two one-piece abutments made of zirconium-dioxide were assessed per each group. In the control group, cleaning by steam was performed. The test group underwent an ultrasonic cleaning procedure with acetone, ethyl alcohol and antibacterial solution. Groups were subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) to verify and characterize contaminant chemical characterization non- quantitatively. RESULTS. All zirconia CAD/CAM abutments in the present study displayed production-induced wear particles, debris as well as organic and inorganic contaminants. The abutments of the test group showed reduction of surface contamination after undergoing an ultrasonic cleaning procedure. However, an absolute removal of pollutants could not be achieved. CONCLUSION. The presence of debris on the transmucosal surface of CAD/CAM zirconia abutments of various manufacturers was confirmed. Within the limits of the study design, the results suggest that a defined ultrasonic cleaning process can be advantageously employed to reduce such debris, thus, supposedly enhancing soft tissue healing. Although the adverse long-term influence of abutment contamination on the biological stability of peri-implant tissues has been evidenced, a standardized and validated polishing and cleaning protocol still has to be implemented.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2014

Purpose: Numerous researches about healthcare buildings have been performed however, they were mainly focused on convenience or healing condition for medical treatments. The hospitals consume energy and generate $CO_2$ as twice as the residential or commercial buildings do(Lim, et al., 2010a:154). The public regional hospitals are especially in serious conditions. They are more than 20 years old in average. Energy efficiency and environmental friendliness in the public regional hospitals are far behind ones in private sectors. Even though the ministry of health & welfare is supporting renovation of the builidngs and enhancement of the facilities every year, it is not integrated including sustainibility. In this study, we investigates current conditions of the regional public hospital in envrionment-friendly standpoint, especially focused on Chungcheong Province area Hospitals. Methods: we investigates current conditions of the regional public hospital in envrionment-friendly standpoint, especially focused on Chungcheong Province area Hospitals. The study was executed by qualitative and quantitative evaluations with site inspection, drawing analysis and interviews. Results: Through this study, we found that the Chungnam regional public hospitals can be environmentally improved by management plans and programs. Implications: Based on this analysis, Korean Green Building Certification for healthcare facilities will be developed in near future.