• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2019

To improve the flow distribution at channel locations in the welded plate heat exchanger with "L"-type inflow, the flow visualization of Model 1 was carried out. Besides, the characteristics of flow distribution was investigated experimentally according to the header shape. The inlet flow rate for each channel location was increased at the side channels but decreased at the central channels. In the case of Model 2, which has a slant structure added to the basic header of Model 1, the unevenness of inlet flow increased by 23% from 0.019 to 0.023 as compared to Model 1. On the other hand, Model 3, which has a baffle structure added to Model 2, showed 0.064 unevenness in inlet flow, which was a 36% reduction one compared to Model 1. To improve the distribution at each channel in the welded plate heat exchanger with "L"-type flow, it is necessary to improve the header external shape for the guide of flow as well as the baffle structure for reduction of vortex flow.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2019

The evaporator is a key driver of an air conditioning system's efficiency. In this study, we study methods of maximizing the efficiency of a Massey Ferguson (MF) evaporator by measuring how the cooling performance of different shapes vary with temperature. We varied the tube insertion depth as well as the shape of the evaporator's header and tube. When we compare header shapes of "D", "Ellipse", and "Quadrangle" types, we find that the elliptical header creates the smallest pressure loss and the highest temperature difference. Between tube shapes of "Rectangular", "Projection", and "Circular" types, the "Projection" type tube creates the most temperature difference. We also investigated the depth of tube insertion in the header and find that tube insertion of 5 - 10 mm is feasible; we selected the depths of 5, 7, and 10 mm since they corresponded to approximately 30%, 50%, and 70% of the total width of the header. The tube insertion test demonstrated that a tube insertion depth of 7 mm creates the least pressure loss and the highest temperature difference. In conclusion, the optimal evaporator design uses an "Ellipse" type header, "Projection" type tube, and a tube insertion depth between 30 and 50% of the header width.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.802-809
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• 2000

This study numerically analyzes the thermal and flow characteristics inside the header in PFHE(parallel-flow heat exchanger) by employing a three-dimensional turbulence modeling. The following quantities are examined by varying the injection angle of the working fluid, the location of entrance and the shape of entrance: flow nonuniformity, heat transfer rate, and flow distribution in each passage. The result shows that the degree of significance among the parameters affecting the header part is in the order of the injection angle, the shape of entrance, and the location of entrance. The result also indicates that heat transfer rates compared to the reference model are increased by about 152% for the angle of injection of -$20^{\circ}C$, by about 127% for the shape of entrance with right and left long rectangular form, and by about 108% for the location of entrance located at the lowest Position.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2017

Rafter is a member for roof and plays a role in protecting shaft members under rafter such as pillar, beam and girder from natural environment and to fix by supporting finished materials of roof. It is common in the Korean architecture that rafter cross-section is paired with circular form and Buyeon cross-section is paired with the square shape. However, while there are not many, some architectures have rafter end header in the square shape. The aim of this study is to examine the square shape cases of rafter end header with special reference to stone structure. As a result, among stone structure related to Bangyeon, the majority case is seen at Palgakwondang type Seungtap. It was shown in the Seungtap of monk of Gusanseonmun school in the later Unified Silla to the early Goryeo period that succeeded Seodang Jijang.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.1359-1365
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• 2008

H.264에서 채택하고 있는 기술들로 인해 H.264의 헤더는 이전 표준안들에 비해 전체 비트 열에서 더 많은 비율을 차지하기 때문에, H.264의 헤더를 압축하기 위한 새로운 기술이 필요하다. H.264에서는 구문요소를 일원화하여 부호화하는데, 부호화할 요소들의 발생 분포를 고려하지 않고 기존의 Exp-Golomb방식을 이용하기 때문에 가변 길이 부호화 관점에서 매우 비효율적이다. 헤더의 대부분을 매크로 블록 타입과 움직임 벡터 차이간이 차지하고 있으며, 본 논문에서 분석한 H.264의 헤더에서의 중복은 다음과 같은 세 가지이다. 매크로 블록 타입에서 자주 발생하는 부호와 그렇지 않는 부호가 있으며, 매크로 블록 모드가 8일 때, 네 개의 서브 매크로 블록 타입들이 모두 전송된다. 그리고 마지막으로 움직임 벡터 차이 값에서 같은 값(특히 '0')들이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 타입 코드와 쿼드트리를 사용하는 알고리즘을 제안하고 있으며 헤더에서의 반복되는 정보를 이 두 가지 구조들을 가지고 표현한다. 타입 코드는 발생하는 매크로 블록의 모양을 나타내며, 쿼드트리는 움직임 추정 나무 구조를 나타낸다. 실험의 결과에서 제안하는 알고리즘이 JM12.4에 비해 최대 32.51% 비트율 감소를 보여준다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2007년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.264-269
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• 2007

The microchannel waterblock has a good capability in the cooling of electronic devices. The object of this paper is to study on thermal performance of microchannel water block for cooling of CPU in desktop. The effects of header shape, liquid flow rate, and inlet temperature on the thermal performances of microchannel waterblock are investigated experimentally. Three types of waterblock with different header shape are manufactured from the micro milling and brazing processing. The experiments are conducted using water, over a liquid flow rate ranging from 0.7 to 2.0 LPM and inlet temperature ranging from 20 to $35^{\circ}C$. Waterblocks are attached both horizontally and vertically on the test section to anticipate a performance of waterblock under the actual state in computer. The base temperature and thermal resistance decrease with increasing of liquid flow rate. It was found that the sample #1 was appropriate for the prototype of liquid cooling system.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.296-303
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• 2004

The heat and flow characteristics in a single-phase parallel-flow heat exchanger was examined numerically to obtain its optimal shape. A response surface method was introduced to approximately predict its performance with respect to the design parameters over the design domain. The inflow/outflow angle of the working fluid, the location of inlet/outlet, the protruding height of flat tube and the height of header were chosen as a design parameter The evaluation of the relative importance of the design parameters was performed based on a sensitivity analysis. An efficiency index was used as an evaluation characteristics value to simultaneously consider both the heat transfer and the pressure drop. The efficiency index of the optimum model, compared to that of the base model, was increased by 9.3%.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.789-795
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 개방형 축열시스템에 설치되는 다양한 형상을 가진 디퓨저의 유량 분배 특성을 수치해석 하였다. 작동유체가 분기배관의 양 방향으로 나뉘어져 있는 구멍들을 통하여 균등하게 분배되도록 4가지 형상의 디퓨저를 설계하였다. 상용 해석 프로그램인 ANSYS-FLUENT을 사용하여 비압축성 유체의 3차원 정상 층류 유동으로 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 한 방향 또는 양 방향으로 분배되는 디퓨저는 유량이 일정하게 분배되지 않는 반면에 양 방향 헤더 형식과 H형 대칭구조의 디퓨저는 균등한 분배 특성을 보였다. 한편, H형 대칭구조의 디퓨저는 양 방향 헤더 형식 디퓨저보다 높은 펌프 양정을 필요로 하므로 유량분배도 일정하고 펌프 양정도 낮은 양 방향 헤더 형식 디퓨저가 최적임을 확인하였다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.357-362
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• 2006

This research focused on the multi-pass heat exchanger using the minichannel possessing the spring fin. An air-water was used as working fluid. The characteristics of liquid single phase heat transfer were verified. The compact heat exchanger (heat transfer area density : ${\beta}=2,146 m^2/m^3$), based on the shape of header(Top combining header), 63 minichannels ($D_i$ : 1.4 mm, L : 0.25 m) and the air side adopting the copper wire spring fin, was fabricated. The heat transfer area density of the air side was improved up to 161% when compared with the conventional fin-tube heat exchanger that adopts the heat transfer tube with the inner diameter of 5 mm. With regard to heat transfer performance, heat transfer rate per unit volume increased up to 142% when compared with the fin-tube heat exchanger adopting the heat transfer tube with the inner diameter of 5 mm.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to examine the square shape cases of rafter end header with special reference to wooden architecture and Uigwe records. In Uigwe, the member Bangyeon is widely used in multiple Changung and Chansil, and it is the most used in various gates in the buildings. It is also found in Haenggak and Subokbang. In the surviving wooden architecture, Bangyeon is found in pavilion, colonnade and gate in Changdeokgung Palace, and it is often seen in palace architecture. It is rare in private sector, and it is shown in Sangju Yangjindang and Andong Songsojongtaek. A total of 48 cases in Uigwe, can found records of Bangyeon. According to the records, mainly Yeonggeon Uigwe and Salleung Uigwe, it can be found that gates, also Bangyeon was used.