• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.08c
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• pp.857-861
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• 2004

This paper describes preliminary results we have obtained in developing a computer vision system based on active IR illumination for real time gaze tracking for interactive graphic display. Unlike most of the existing gaze tracking techniques, which often require assuming a static head to work well and require a cumbersome calibration process for each person, our gaze tracker can perform robust and accurate gaze estimation without calibration and under rather significant head movement. This is made possible by a new gaze calibration procedure that identifies the mapping from pupil parameters to screen coordinates using the Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN). With GRNN, the mapping does not have to be an analytical function and head movement is explicitly accounted for by the gaze mapping function. Furthermore, the mapping function can generalize to other individuals not used in the training. The effectiveness of our gaze tracker is demonstrated by preliminary experiments that involve gaze-contingent interactive graphic display.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.61-69
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• 2009

In this paper, to propose a new approach to real-time eye tracking. Existing methods of tracking the user's attention to the little I move my head was not going to get bad results for each of the users needed to perform the calibration process. Infrared eye tracking methods proposed lighting and Generalized Regression Neural Networks (GRNN) By using the calibration process, the movement of the head is large, even without the reliable and accurate eye tracking, mapping function was to enable each of the calibration process by the generalization can be omitted, did not participate in the study eye other users tracking was possible. Experimental results of facial movements that an average 90% of cases, other users on average 85% of the eye tracking results were shown.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.189-192
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• 2009

We present a novel head tracking system for stereoscopic displays that ensures the viewer has a high degree of movement. The tracker is capable of segmenting the viewer from background objects using their relative distance. A depth camera is used to generate a key signal for head tracking application. A method of the moving parallax barrier is also introduced to supplement a disadvantage of the fixed parallax barrier that provides observation at the specific locations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.329-330
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• 2013

초기의 영화는 그 당시에 현실을 있는 그대로 보여주는 도구로서, 인간의 현실을 표현하고자 했던 많은 도구들 중에서 유일했던 것이다. 하지만 시간이 지나고 TV의 발달과 더 나아가 케이블TV, 현재에는 인터넷과 개인 스마트모바일 디스플레이의 등장으로 그 기능이 상쇄되어 갔고, 이에 따른 영화 자체의 생존전략을 찾아가기 위해 공간적 측면에서는 '새로운 스크린'을, 구현하는 방식과 현실을 재현하는 측면에서는 영상처리의 '신기술'을 과거에서부터 현재까지 계속 이어진다. 하지만 현재 영화와 비슷한 기능을 하는 매체들이 많은 가운데, 이러한 신기술들이 공유하고자 하는 매체들도 늘어나게 되었고, 이제는 하나의 신기술을 누가 먼저 시현, 선점하느냐가 큰 관건인 상태에서 '영화'가 선택할 수 있는 향후 10년 후 기술들은 현재 진화하고 있는 디스플레이 측면에서 'UD(Ultra-Definition)'와 영상기술 측면에서는 'Head Tracking 3D' 일 것이다. 본 연구는 이 두 가지 기술에 의해 영화산업의 미래를 기능적, 경제적인 측면으로 전망해 보았다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.749-752
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• 1998

Recognizing a human part becomes very important for applications which are based on the interaction between computers and their users. In this paper, we design and implement a system which recognizes and tracks a human head using a sequence of images. Difference images are used to easily extract feature vectors from images with very complex backgrounds. A human bhead is represented with an ellipse and recognized by searching for a maximum value from preprocessed gradient images. The method is developed by considering the fact that the tracking system should be real-time. The designed system not only shows an excellent performance for the normal up-right position of the head, but also for the cases of 360.deg. rotated head position, occluded images of heads, and tilted head positions.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1331-1334
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• 2008

In this paper, we developed a novel hyperreality display called the Head Dome Projector (HDP). The HDP is a head-mounted display consisting of a dome-shaped screen with a very small radius of 40 cm, a mobile projector with ultra-wide projection lens and LED light sources. The main feature of the HDP is very wide viewing angle of 160 degrees horizontally by 120 degrees vertically comparable to the human visual field of view without head tracking and 360 degrees by 360 degrees with head tracking. According to our subjective evaluation comparing the HDP with a flat-panel display (FPD), the HDP realizes hyperreality 2.5 points higher than that realized by an FPD in the case of ${\pm}5$ level evaluation for HD motion images.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.11-14
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose a fast and practical head pose estimation scheme fur eye-head controlled human computer interface with non-constrained background. The method we propose uses complete graph matching from thresholded images and the two blocks showing the greatest similarity are selected as eyes, we also locate mouth and nostrils in turn using the eye location information and size information. The average computing time of the image(360*240) is within 0.2(sec) and we employ template matching method using angles between facial features for head pose estimation. It has been tested on several sequential facial images with different illuminating conditions and varied head poses, It returned quite a satisfactory performance in both speed and accuracy.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2015

A telerobot offers a more engaging and enjoyable interaction with people at a distance by communicating via audio, video, expressive gestures, body pose and proxemics. To provide its potential benefits at a reasonable cost, this paper presents a telepresence robot system for video communication which can deliver speaker's head motion through its display stanchion. Head gestures such as nodding and head-shaking can give crucial information during conversation. We also can assume a speaker's eye-gaze, which is known as one of the key non-verbal signals for interaction, from his/her head pose. In order to develop an efficient head tracking method, a 3D cylinder-like head model is employed and the Harris corner detector is combined with the Lucas-Kanade optical flow that is known to be suitable for extracting 3D motion information of the model. Especially, a skin color-based face detection algorithm is proposed to achieve robust performance upon variant directions while maintaining reasonable computational cost. The performance of the proposed head tracking algorithm is verified through the experiments using BU's standard data sets. A design of robot platform is also described as well as the design of supporting systems such as video transmission and robot control interfaces.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

We proposed an eye gaze tracking system under natural head movements. The system consists of one CCD(charge-coupled device) camera and two front-surface mirrors. The mirrors rotate to follow head movements in order to keep the eye within the view of the camera. However, the mirror controller cannot guarantee the fast head movements, because the frame rate is generally 30Hz. To overcome this problem, we applied Kalman filter to estimate next eye position from the current eye image. In the results, our system allowed the subjects head to move 60cm horizontally and 40cm vertically, with the head movement speed about 55cm/sec and 45cm/sec, respectively. And spatial gate resolutions were about 4.5 degree and 5.0 degree, respectively, and the gaze estimation accuracy was 92% under natural head movements.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.496-504
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• 2009

This paper presents a recognition performance of VOR (Vestibular-Ocular Reflex) based vision tracking system for mobile robot. The VOR is a reflex eye movement which, during head movements, produces an eye movement in the direction opposite to the head movement, thus maintaining the image of interested objects placed on the center of retina. We applied this physiological concept to the vision tracking system for high recognition performance in mobile environments. The proposed method was implemented in a vision tracking system consisting of a motion sensor module and an actuation module with vision sensor. We tested the developed system on an x/y stage and a rate table for linear motion and angular motion, respectively. The experimental results show that the recognition rates of the VOR-based method are three times more than non-VOR conventional vision system, which is mainly due to the fact that VOR-based vision tracking system has the line of sight of vision system to be fixed to the object, eventually reducing the blurring effect of images under the dynamic environment. It suggests that the VOR concept proposed in this paper can be applied efficiently to the vision tracking system for mobile robot.