• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

To know the proper setup posture for the various clubs, changes of setup variables according to the change of golf club length was investigated. Swing motions of three male low handicappers including a professional were taken using two high-speed videocameras. Four clubs iron 7, iron 5, iron 3 and driver (wood 1) were selected for this experiment. Three dimensional motion analysis techniques were used to get the kinematical variables. Mathcad and Kwon3D motion analysis program were used to analyze the position, distance and angle data in three dimensions. The variables divided into three categories 1) position and width of anterior-posterior direction 2) position and width of lateral direction 3) angles and evaluated based on the theories of many good golf teachers. Major findings of this study were as follows. 1.The stance (distance between ankle joints) was increased as the length of the club increased but the increasing width was not large. It ranges from 5cm to 10cm and professional player showed small changes. 2. Forward lean angle of trunk was decreased (more erected) as the length of the club increased. It ranges from 30 degrees for iron7 to 25 degrees for driver. 3. Angle between horizontal and right shoulder were increased as the length of the club increased. It ranges from 10 degrees to 20 degrees and professional player showed small changes. 4. Anterior-posterior position of the shoulders were located in front of the foot for all clubs and the difference between the shoulder and knee position was decreased as the length of the club increased. 5. Anterior-posterior position of grip (hand) was located almost beneath the shoulders (2.5cm front) for iron7, but it increased to 10cm for the driver. This grip adjustment makes the height of the posture increased only 5cm from iron7 to driver. 6. Lateral position of grip located at 5cm left for the face of iron7, but it located at the right side (behind) for the face of driver. 7. Lateral position of the ball located at the 40%(15cm) of stance from left ankle for iron7 and located at the 10% (5cm) of stance for driver. 8. Head always located at the right side of the stance and the midpoint of the eyes located at the 37% of stance from the right ankle for all clubs. This means that the axis of swing always maintained consistently for all clubs. 9. Left foot opened to the target for all subject and clubs. The maximum open angle was 25 degrees. Overall result shows that the changes of the setup variables vary only small ranges from iron7 to driver. Paradoxically it could be concluded that the failure of swing result from the excessive changes of setup not from the incorrect changes. These findings will be useful for evaluating the setup motion of golf swing and helpful to most golfers.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.717-722
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• 2003

A driving simulator is a computer-controlled tool to study an interface between a driver and vehicle response by enabling the driver to participate in judging vehicle characteristics. Using the driving simulator, human factor study, vehicle system development and other research can be effectively done under controllable, reproducible and non-dangerous conditions. An Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system is generally regarded as a system that can be achieved in the near future without the demanding infrastructure components and technologies. ACC system is an automatic vehicle following system with no human engagement in the longitudinal vehicle direction. And the influence of the driver is substantial in developing the system. Driving characteristic is very different according to the accident riskiness, gender, age and so on. In this research, experiments have been carried out to investigate driving characteristics with the ACC system, using a driving simulator. Participants are 21 male and 19 female. Driving characteristics such as preferred headway-time, lane keeping ability, eye direction, and head movement have been observed and compared between the driving with ACC and the driving without ACC.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.572-577
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• 2005

This paper applies the fuzzy logic controller to a semiactive seat suspension system in order to obtain the better ride comfort in constraint of specific rattle space. The seat suspension system used for this research is a scissors-type one with the MR (Magneto Rheological) fluid damper. Since a seat suspension system with a driver can not be exactly modeled, it is effective to control with the fuzzy logic controller. The rule was carefully tuned to effectively reduce the vibration transmitted to a driver. The on-road ride was realized on a hydraulic excitor and the result shows that the fuzzy controller has reduced the vibration of a seat suspension system compared to the continuous skyhook controller.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.56-59
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to identify the cause of driver's drowsiness and to get information about driver's drowsiness from facial image using computer vision. We measured the driver's movements of a head and shoulders in the highway arid street. We also measured the eye blink duration and yawning duration of normal and drowsy drivers. from the results, we confirmed that the measurement of eye blink and yawning might be a way of drowsy detection.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.172-177
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• 2021

The HUD (Head-up Display) device for vehicles has gradually been advanced in connection with ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistant System) for the safety and the convenience of driving. In this paper, the major features (e.g. speed, RPM, etc.) of vehicles is received through the ECU and the route information is received through the navigating API, configurating the integrated GUI. And, the optical system is configured based on DLP (Digital Light Processing) to evaluate the visibility depending on the resolution change of the GUI. The IoT HUD system proposed in this paper has the scalability to flexibly add not only the ECU but also various cloud-based driving-related information.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

본 논문은 차세대 자동차 지능형 통합 스마트 모니터 시스템을 제작하였다. 차량의 계기판 장치는 많은 방해 요소를 감소시키며, 운전자들에게 영향을 주지 않고 도로에 집중할 수 있도록 하는 것이 필수적이다. 위험 경보는 시각적인 디스플레이와 함께 유용하게 사용되지만 기존의 방식은 문제가 있다. 차량 안전 시스템의 최적화는 위험을 알리는 각종 경보보다 더 필수적인 것은 운전자가 도로에 집중할 수 있는 시각적인 장치가 요구된다. 지능형 통합 스마트 모니터 시스템은 자동차에서 가장 많이 보는 정보인 자동차 속도, 엔진 회전속도, 연료, 엔진 온도, 연료 게이지, 회전표시등과 각종 경보 표시등 기본 정보를 모아서 운전자에게 제공한다. 본 논문에서 설계한 지능형 통합 스마트 모니터 시스템은 박막 트랜지스터 액정 표시 장치, 액정 표시 장치배경 조명 발광다이오드, 평면 미러, 특수 제작된 렌즈 및 구동회로로 구성되어 있으며, 운전자 안전성을 고려한 차세대 지능형 자동차 통합스마트 모니터 시스템을 제작, 분석하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.399-405
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• 2016

헤드업 디스플레이(Head-Up Display)는 차량내 정보 제공 디스플레이로서 운전자에게 운행시 필요한 정보들을 차량 윈도우를 통해 제공하여 시야를 확보하는 동시에 주행에 필요한 정보를 습득할 수 있는 장치이다. 초기 헤드업 디스플레이는 수입차량 위주로 장착되었지만 점차 국산 중대형차량에도 장착되어 운전자에게 운행정보에 대한 편의성을 확보한 운전이 가능하도록 제공되어 지고 있다. 현재 출시되는 자동차들의 각 브랜드별 헤드업 디스플레이는 정보표시요소의 일관성 및 인터페이스가 한정적으로 표현되고 있으며 기술형식으로는 도트 반사형 방식으로 적용되어 GUI의 적용방식의 한계점을 드러내고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사례조사 및 분석을 통해 주행 중에 필요한 실시간 정보표시요소들을 도출하고, POI(Point of Interest) 관심정보의 우선순위를 파악하여 분석된 결과를 바탕으로 최근 개발되어지는 투명디스플레이 기술을 통하여 사용자에게 새로운 GUI가이드라인을 제공을 연구 목적으로 둔다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.25-27
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• 2012

A 30-year-old, male truck driver had a traffic accident and visited a hospital due to left hip pain. The patient's femoral head was fractured, and he was treated conservatively. For 14 years afterwards, he walked without a limp, had no pain, and drove his truck. He was involved in another traffic accident and experienced a comminuted fracture of the left distal femur 14 years after the initial injury. Although he was symptom-free, while being treated by open reduction and internal fixation for the distal femur fracture, he was concerned about the status of his left femoral head. Pelvis radiographs and reconstructed CT images were done, and they showed a spur change around the femoral head which had a dense sclerotic band within and revealed a slight depression of subchondral bone of the medial portion of the femoral head. The diagnosis was a Pipkin type-II fracture of the femoral head.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.975-976
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• 2008

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2017

One of the most frequently performed tasks in human-robot interaction (HRI), intelligent vehicles, and security systems is face related applications such as face recognition, facial expression recognition, driver state monitoring, and gaze estimation. In these applications, accurate head pose estimation is an important issue. However, conventional methods have been lacking in accuracy, robustness or processing speed in practical use. In this paper, we propose a novel method for estimating head pose with a monocular camera. The proposed algorithm is based on a deep neural network for multi-task learning using a small grayscale image. This network jointly detects multi-view faces and estimates head pose in hard environmental conditions such as illumination change and large pose change. The proposed framework quantitatively and qualitatively outperforms the state-of-the-art method with an average head pose mean error of less than $4.5^{\circ}$ in real-time.