• 대순사상논총
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• 제20권
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• pp.67-94
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• 2009

Kang Jeung-san whose real name is Kang Il-soon was a Korean born thinker who thought himself as Shangti(上帝). It is told that he made a Great Tour(大巡) upon this world. His thought was affected by Asian traditional philosophy such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism. He founded a religious body, called Jeung-san-Gyo which could be formed a syncretism of East Asian traditional thoughts. We have to survey Asian traditional thoughts in order to understand Kang Jeung-san's religious thinking. According to the Great Tour Scripture(大巡典經), he have read Confucian moral books, holy Sutra of Buddha and the books of Daoism. In the field of Confucianism, he stressed upon the Book of Changes (Zou-yi; 周易). And for Buddhism, he showed great concern on a monk, Jin-mook(震黙) who lived 15th century in Chosun Dynasty. Jeung-san Shangti followed Daoistic way when he performed religious ritual. In case of performance, he was compared as a great Shaman who wanted to save the world. And the most typical ritual was called public business of Heaven and Earth(天地公事). He showed a great scale while he was touring the world in space. The most important thing, however, is to overcome the localization which seems still prevailing doctrine of the Jeung-san thought. For this, the followers of Jeung-san-Gyo should study world philosophy and accept the modernity so as to broaden Jeung-san thought to the rest of the world.

• 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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• 제21집
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• pp.207-239
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• 2004

이 논문에서는 정철 시조에 나타난 현실 지향과 풍류의 성격을 논의했다. 정철은 일반 유자들이 가지는 현실지향의 근본적 성격을 바탕에 가지면서도 근기 지역의 기호 사림의 일원으로서 주기적 세계관-을 가짐으로써 더 현실지향성을 가졌고 유년에 행복한 궁중 생활을 체험함으로써 그의 현실 지향은 구체적으로는 궁중 지향으로 나타났다. 시조에서 군주와 단절된 상황일 때에 절대적 지향성을 가지고 단절을 극복하지 위한 갖가지 노력을 했고 자아의 정체성을 역설적으로 드러내어 군주를 향한 절대적 지향의 당위성을 드러냈다. 군주와 관계가 지속되는 상황에서 작자는 궁중에서의 관직 생활을 행복한 추억으로 기억하였고 지방관으로 나가 있을 때에는 현직에 복무하면서도 군주가 있는 궁중 지향을 그치지 않았다. 현실 지향성과 관련하여 자연과 음주는 정철에게 있어 풍류의 중요한 요인이 되었다. 자연과의 관계에서 정철이 군주와 긍정적인 관계를 유지할 때에는 유흥과 호방함의 정서를 드러냈고 군주와 부정적 관계 속에 처했을 때에는 자연을 통하여 자신의 결백함을 드러내거나 자연과 단절된 자신의 모습을 표현했다. 물러나 자연과 친화하며 심성을 연마하고 후진을 양성하던 일반 유자들과는 달랐다. 음주에 있어서 정철은 군주와의 우호적 관계에서는 술을 통하여 여유와 유흥을 주된 내용으로 표현했고 군주와 단절된 상황에서는 고뇌와 근심을 씻기 위하여 통음에 자신을 내맡기는 감성적 행동을 시조에 표현했다. 술을 통하여 고뇌를 이기려는 성향은 그의 스승 김인후 한시나 그의 후배인 신흠의 시조에서도 확인되어 음주 풍류의 한 전통을 형성하고 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1535-1542
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• 2009

수삼과 버섯의 새로운 용도를 개발하기 위하여, 수삼추출물이 첨가된 액체배지에서 배양된 노루궁뎅이 균사체 심부발효물의 열수추출물로부터 조다당획분을 조제하였다. 수삼추출물이 액체배지 전체양의 1%, 3%와 5% 첨가된 노루궁뎅이버섯 균사체 심부발효물의 열수추출물로부터 조다당획분(HE-GE-CP-1, 3과 5)이 분획되었을 때, 수율은 각각 5.7, 5.1과 4.8%이었다. 이러한 조다당획분 중 HE-GE- CP-5(saline 대조군의 1.89배)는 HE-GE-CP-1(1.64배)과 HE-GE-CP-3(1.76배)보다 유의적으로 높은 비장세포의 마이토젠 활성을 보여주었다. 또한 HE-GE-CP-5(1.83배)는 소장의 국소 면역조직인 Peyer's patch를 경유한 골수세포 증식활성에서도 HE-CP(1.59배), HE-GE-CP-1(1.44배)과 HE-GE-CP-3(1.69배)보다 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 항암효과로서의 암전이 억제활성 측정에서는 수삼추출물이 5% 첨가된 조다당획분에서 72.4%의 높은 암전이 억제활성도 보여주었다. 그러나 복강 내 마크로파지의 lysosomal phosphatase의 활성측정에서는 HE-GE-CP-3에서 2.03배의 가장 높은 마크로파지 자극활성을 확인할 수 있었다. 한편, 이러한 면역 및 암전이 억제활성을 갖는 조다당획분인 HE-GE-CP-5는 중성당(63.2%)과 함께 상당량의 산성당(19.3%)을 함유하였으며 단백질은 8.8%가 구성분으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 HE-GE-CP-5는 암전이를 억제하기 위한 면역계를 자극할 수 있음이 확인되었으며, 이러한 암전이 억제의 항종양 활성은 마크로파지, 비장세포 및 Peyer's patch cell 등의 활성화 기작과 연계되어 있음을 추정할 수 있었다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.547-594
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• 2000

I. Introduction The essence of Oriental medicine consists of ancient books, experienced doctors and succeeded skills of common society. Many famous doctors studied medical science by their fathers or teachers. So the history of medical science is long. $\ll$DangDaeMyeongIImJeungJeongHwa(當代名醫臨證精華)$\gg$ written by SaWoogWang(史宇廣) and DanSeoGeon(單書健) has many medical experience of famous doctors. So it has important historical value. Bi(痺) means blocking. BiJeung is one kind of symptoms making muscles, bones and jonts feel pain, numbness or edema. For example it can be gout or SLE etc. So I studied ${\ll}BiJeungJuJip{\gg}$. II. Final Decision Following decisions of Chinese doctors of 20th century are as follows ; 1. JuYangChun(朱良春) emphasized on IkSinJangDok(益腎壯督) to treat BiJeong. And he devided WanBi(頑痺) as PungHanSeup(風寒濕), DamEo(痰瘀), YeolDok(熱毒), SinHeo(腎虛). He used insects for medicine. 2. ChoSuDoek(焦樹德) introduced past prescription. He used ChiBiTang(治痺湯) to treat HaengBi(行痺), TongBi(痛痺), ChakBi(着痺). He insisted that Han(寒; coldness) and Seup(濕; dampness) be Eum(陰) and Pung(風; wind) can change his character to be Eum. After all BiJeung is usually EumJeung. So he used GaeJi(桂枝) and BuJa(附子). By the way he used ChungYeolSanBiTang(淸熱散痺湯) for YeolBi, BoSinGeoHanChiWangTang SaBok(王士福) emphasized on the importance of medicine. He introduced many treatments like CheongYeol(情熱) for YeolBi and YiO(二烏) for HanBi. And he divided BiJeung period for three steps. At 1st step, we must use GeoSa(祛邪), at 2nd step, we must use BuJeong(扶正) and at 3rd step, we must use BoHyeol(補血), he insisted. And he introduced many herbs to treat BiJeung. 4. JeongGwangJeok(丁光迪) said that GaeJi(桂枝), MaHwang(麻黃), OYak(烏蘖) and BuJa(附子) are very important for TongRak(通絡). And pain usually results from Han(寒), so he liked to use hot-character herbs. 5. MaGi(馬志) insisted that BiJeung usually result from ChilJeong(七情). And he liked to use insects for treatment of BiJeung. 6. WeolSeokMu(越錫武) introduced 8 kinds of treatments and divided BiJeung period. Also he divided BeJeung for PungBi(風痺), HanBi(寒痺) and SeupBi(濕痺). 7. SeoGeaHam(徐季含) observed many patients and concluded that 86.7% of BiJeung is HeuJeung(虛症). 8. YuJiMyeong(劉志明) said that YeolBi is important and CheongYeol is also important. So he emphasized on DangGyuiJeomTongTang(當歸拈痛湯) and SeonBiTang(宣痺湯). 9. WangLiChu(汪履秋) studied cause of WanBi. Internal cause is GiHyeolHeo(氣血虛) and GanSinHeo(肝腎虛) and external cause is SaGi(邪氣) he insisted. 10. WangSaSang(王士相) said that YeolBi can be SeupYeolBi or EumHeuYeolBi(陰虛熱痺) and HanSeupBi(寒濕痺) is rare. He use WooBangJaSan(牛蒡子散) and BangPungHwan(防風丸) for SeupYeolBi, DangGyuiSaYeokTang(當歸四逆湯) for HanSeupBi. 11. JinTaekGang(陳澤江) treated YeolBi with BaekHoGaGyeJiTang(自虎加桂枝湯) and SaMyoSan(四妙散). If they don't have effect, he tried to cure BiJeung step by step. And he used e term of GeunBi(筋痺) and BangGiMogwaEIInTang(防己木瓜薏苡仁湯) was good for GeunBi. 12. MaSeoJeong(麻瑞亭) said that PungSeupYeokJeul(風濕歷節) is BiJeung and it is related to GanBinSin(肝脾腎; liver, Spleen, Kindey). And he emphasized on balance WiGi(衛氣) and YoungHeul(營血). 13. SaJeJu(史濟桂) said that GeunGolBi(筋骨痺) is similar to arthritis and sometimes called ChakBi. And SinBi(腎痺) is terminal stage of ChakBi, he said. He also used insects for treatment. 14. JeongJeNam(丁濟南) tried to cure SLE and used GyeJi, CheonCho(川椒), SinGeunCho(伸筋草), SunRyeongBi(仙靈脾), HyconSam(玄蔘) and GamCho(甘草). 15. JinGYungHwa(陳景和) emphasized on diagnosis of tongue. If the color of tongue is blue, it usually has EoHyeol(瘀血), for example. And he also used insects. 16. JuSongI(朱松毅) tried to devide YeolBi with OnByeong(溫病), Wi(衛), Gi(氣) and Hyeol(血). 17. RuDaBong(蔞多峰) said that JyeongHeo(正虛), OiSa(外邪) and EoHyeol are closely related. And he explained BiJeung by deviding the body into the part, for example head, neck, shoulder, waist, upper limb and lower limb. 18. YuMuBo(劉茂甫) defined PungHanSyubBi as chronic stage and YeolBi as acute stage.

• Strategy21
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• 통권42호
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• pp.53-82
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• 2017

Samuel Eliot Morison (1887-1976) was one of the pre-eminent historians of his generation. He was not only a famous historian at that time, but also was promoted to the rank of Admiral in U.S. Navy Reserve. Fifteen volume History of United States Naval Operations in World War II was published between 1947 and 1962, was not only a comprehensive report on the Navy's projection of power over two oceans, but a classic of historical literature that stands as the definitive treatment of it subject. Although he was fifty-five when war come to America in December 1941. Samuel Eliot Morison was determined to play a role. A professor at Harvard at the time, he joined volunteering for duty in the Navy. An experienced sailor, Professor Morison had earlier sailed that same routes taken by Christopher Columbus while researching his biography, Admiral of the Ocean Sea, which appeared in January 1942 th much acclaim and later got a Pulitzer Prize. Thus Morison plunged into the war, crossing the Atlantic aboard a destroyer. He assumed himself as "Parkman on the sea", tried to follow Parkman's historiographic method, not only participatory history but also literary style. And during writing History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, He emphasized two principles, publicity and objectivity. In terms of publicity, he always worried about who read history and why. In his pamphlet, "History as a Literary Art", he asserted it is useless if readers do not read a history which historians wrote. So he thought historians have forgotten that there is an art of writing of history. Therefore, he built his narratives around brightly rendered visuals and used the present tense to describe actions he witnessed firsthand, he wrote of the U.S. combat in very vividly. But strongly driven by publicity, he sometimes lost his balance in writing the naval history. For instance, the naval history became the focus of criticism for its prejudiced comments about the commanders. Also some reviewers asserted he did not secure the objectivity on writing the naval history. Although he sometimes deliberately torpedoed the objectivity of his work for strengthening publicity, by writing an extensive U.S. naval history, he introduced maritime history and naval history to the public widely. Until in early twentieth century, U.S. historians usually had been focusing their effort to the traditional areas, for example politic, economy, and etc. His intensive effort on the operations of U.S. Navy in World War II aroused a public interest in maritime and naval history. In conclusion, through using literary style and realistic narratives, historian Morison wrote a naval history for all the people which could appealed to the public.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1489-1492
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• 2016

Background: Although there are no biomarkers that are routinely used in endometrial cancer (EC) management, many studies have found that serum human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is superior to cancer antigen 125 (CA125) in the detection of EC. The correlation of HE4 with two prognostic factors for EC, primary tumor diameter (PTD) and depth of myometrial invasion (DMI) may be useful in identifying EC patients at high risk of lymphatic dissemination. Objective: To evaluate the correlation of serum HE4 with PTD and DMI in patients with EC. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 EC patients who were scheduled for elective surgery at Rajavithi Hospital between 1st September 2013 and 30th May 2014. Preoperative serum levels of HE4 and CA125 were investigated, and then gross measurement of PTD was taken and postoperative pathologic slides were reviewed for DMI including histologic types, grading and staging. Results: Preoperative serum HE4 levels were strongly correlated with PTD (r=0.65, p<0.001) and moderately correlated with DMI (r=0.46, p<0.001). Moreover, serum HE4 levels were significantly elevated in EC patients with PTD >2 cm (p<0.001) and DMI > 50% (p=0.004). The performance of serum HE4 in identifying EC patients at low risk and high risk of lymph node metastasis was significantly better than that of CA125 (AUC 0.88 vs. 0.65, p=0.003). At an optimal cut-off value of 70 pM/L, serum HE4 had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 80.0%. Conclusions: In EC patients, preoperative serum HE4 is significantly correlated with PTD and DMI. Serum HE4 levels could be useful in identifying endometrial cancer patients at high risk of lymphatic spread who would benefit from systemic lymphadenectomy at the cut-off value of 70 pM/L.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2001

The biological pump is one of the important pumping mechanisms absorbing CO$_2$ from the atmosphere into the ocean and can be quantified by estimating new production. New production in the open ocean mostly depends on the supply of nitrate from the water below the mixed layer. While nitrate is affected by many biological processes, the helium isotope ($^3$He) is inert and has very simple physical properties. Using the $^3$He flux and the relation between $^3$He and NO${_3}\;{^-}$- within the thermocline, the nitrate flux supporting new production was estimated in the southern East Sea. The average ${\delta}^3$He within the mixed layer was -14$%_o$ and -l5.4$%_o$ in the winter and autumn, respectively. Through the year excess $^3$He occurs in the mixed layer except for a slight depletion of -17$%_o$ in summer. The $^3$He flux of 13$%_o$md$^{-1}$ associated with the concentration gradient at the air-sea interface was calculated from the product of the piston velocity and the excess $^3$He. Tritium decay within the mixed layer could support only 2$%_o$md$^{-1}$ of the flux. Thus, the remaining 11$%_o$md^{-1}$ could be attributed to the flux of tritiugenic $^3$He from the water below the mixed layer. Nitrate and $^3$He were positively correlated within the thermocline layer with the slope of 0.21 ${\mu}$mol kg$^{-1}$ $%_o\;^{-1}$. The annual nitrate flux estimated from the upward flux of $^3$He and the NO$_{3}\;{^-}$-$^3$He relation was 0.8${\pm}$0.2 mol(N) m$^{-2}$yr$^{-1}$. This flux corresponds to an annual new production of 64 g(C) m$^{-2}$yr$^{-1}$, which is consistent with that in the north-west Pacific.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.127-147
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• 2010

Lee Chan's early poems were defined as the world of romance. His second-term poems were defined as proletarian poetry and poems written in prison when he made the romance as the core point through longing and desire for lost world. Maximizing the romance was proletarian poetry. His third-term poems were feelings of the northern countries called the spirit of Lee Chan's poems. He recognized the emotion of diaspora as the tragedy in these poems. It was remarkable time that the poet's tragedy observing and expressing the reality of colony. Afterward he wrote poems related inside withdrawal and war cooperation, finally he wrote poem after defecting to North Korea. Lee Chan showed the romance of desire in early poems and proletarian poems. Then he indicated acute scenery of the tragedy in the late 1930s' poems. In heavy situation, he moved from pro-Japanese literature to North Korean literature. However he didn't throw introspected self-reflection language to himself each his changing. But through several form of garden, he clearly showed consistent of maximizing his utopia sense. The time Lee Chan experienced was an icon which intensively indicated several features of deformed modern Korean poetic history. He was a unique poet who expressed various traces of modern Korean poetry in short time step by step. His path informed that he was a special poet who stepped the trace of many modern Korean poetry's extremes such as romantic poetry, proletarian poetry, prison poetry, pro-Japanese poetry and North Korean poetry. Likewise we can call his life as a grudge return. Because he left hometown, experienced the light and darkness of modern times and returned his hometown.

• 한국초전도저온공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도저온공학회 2002년도 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.27-30
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• 2002

The particle velocity in superfluid helium (He II) induced by a gas dynamic shock wave impingement onto He II free surface were studied experimentally by using Schlieren visualization method with an ultra-high speed video camera. It is found form visualization results that a dark zone in the immediate vicinity of the vapor-He II interface region is formed because of the high compressibility of He II and is developed toward bulk He II with the flowing-down speed of the vapor-He II interface. The mass velocity behind a transmitted compression shock wave that is equal to the contraction speed of He II amounts to 10 m/sec, the Reynolds number of which reaches $10^{7}$. This fact suggests that the superfluid shock tube facility can be applied to an experimental facility for high Reynols number flow as an alternative to the superfluid wind tunnel.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.190-193
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• 2000

M-Rg 및 M-Rg2 (M=Li,Na,Rg=He,Ar) 반데르발스 복합체들에 대한양자화학적계산을 시행하였다. AIl-electron MP2(6-311++G(3df,3pd))에 의하여 계산된 LiHe, LiAr 및 NaAr의 균형 핵간 거리와 결합 에너지는 실험값과 잘 일치하였다. $LiHe_2,\;LiAr_2$ 및 $NaAr_2$에 대하여 계산된 분광학적 성질들도 또한 계산하였다.