• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2009

Measurement of hemoglobin A1c is used as an objective indicator of long-term blood glucose control in diabetic patients. We evaluated recently introduced Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c (Daiichi Pure Chemical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) test reagent using enzyme method for HbA1c assay. Linearity, precision and correlation with VARIANT$^{TM}$ II Turbo HbA1c analyzer (BIO-RAD, Hercules, CA, USA) were evaluated. The reference range was determined from 201 healthy subjects. The Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent was founded to be linear in a range of 5.6% to 14.0% ($r^2=0.9885$). The within-run and between-day precision were 0.954% and 1.03% for low level (HbA1c 5.24%), 0.67% and 1.28% for high level (HbA1c 9.01%), respectively. Comparison study between Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent and VARIANT$^{TM}$ II Turbo showed good correlation with a slope of 1.0489. an intercept at -0.9717, and coefficient of correlation was 0.9907. The reference range of HbA1c obtained from this reagent was 4.07-5.50%. The Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent showed good linearity, precision and correlation with HbA1c analyzer with HPLC method. In addition, the exclusive analyzer is not required for assay and then this kit may be useful for HbA1c assay in clinical laboratory.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the impact of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level on characteristics and prognosis of maxillofacial fascial infection in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 72 patients (35 patients with HbA1c lower than 7.0% and 37 patients with HbA1c higher than 7.0%) diagnosed with maxillofacial fascial space infection and hospitalized for treatment at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dankook University Hospital (Cheonan, Korea) from January 2005 to February 2014. We compared demographics, parameters of glucoregulation (HbA1c), laboratory parameters of inflammation (white blood cell [WBC], C-reactive protein [CRP] count), type and number of involved spaces, type and number of antibiotics, period of hospitalization, number of surgical operations, need for tracheostomy, complications, computed tomography (CT), and microorganisms between the two groups. Results: Compared with the well-controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) group (HbA1c <7.0%), patients in the poorly-controlled (HbA1c ${\geq}7.0%$) DM group had the following characteristics: longer hospitalization periods, higher values of laboratory parameters of inflammation (WBC, CRP count) at the time of admission, higher number of antibiotics prescribed, more frequent complications, frequent deep neck space involvement, and distinctive main causative microorganisms. As the HbA1c level increases, hospitalization periods and incidence of complications increase gradually. Conclusion: This retrospective study suggests that regulation of DM significantly impacts maxillofacial fascial infection. Poorly controlled DM with high HbA1c level negatively influences the prognosis of infection.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.125-128
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• 2010

HbA1c test measures the amount of glycated hemoglobin in blood. HbA1c shows the average of blood glucose levels for the past three months, this is a better indicator of how overall diabetes is doing. HbA1c gives a much better idea of how the body is breaking down the glucose. Therefore, this HbA1c is very important tool for maintaining normal glucose levels for pre-and diabetic patients. Total 408 participants were tested HbA1c voluntarily from Chosunilbo Health Expo (8th~11th, July 2010). Through this small-scaled direct HbA1c, about 54.7% (207 out of 408) was shown glucose tolerance and diabetes. However, 61 from 157 participants who were shown under 6.9% HbA1c (normal and pre-diabetic stage) are taking only antidiabetic drugs to maintain a normal blood glucose. Regular HbA1c test can bring an important management and awareness about controlling blood sugar level and prevention of diabetic complications.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.114-123
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• 2021

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with both type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Methods: The intervention cohort (IC) comprised 133 patients with type 2 diabetes who received nonsurgical periodontal treatment, while the matching cohort (MC) included 4787 patients with type 2 diabetes who visited the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Asan Medical Center. The patients in each cohort were divided into 3 groups according to their baseline HbA1c level: subgroup 1, HbA1c <7%; subgroup 2, 7%≤ HbA1c <9%; and subgroup 3, HbA1c ≥9%. Changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to 6 and 12 months were analyzed. In addition, the association between changes in HbA1c levels and the number of periodontal maintenance visits was investigated. Results: There were no statistically significant changes in HbA1c levels in the IC and MC or their subgroups when evaluated with repeated-measures analysis of variance. However, the IC showed maintenance of baseline HbA1c levels, while the MC had a trend for HbA1c levels to steadily increase as shown by pairwise comparisons (baseline to 6 months and baseline to 12 months). IC subgroup 1 also maintained steady HbA1c levels from 6 months to 12 months, whereas MC subgroup 1 presented a steady increase during the same period. The number of periodontal maintenance visits had no association with changes in HbA1c levels during the 1-year study duration. Conclusions: For patients with both type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, nonsurgical periodontal treatment and periodontal maintenance may help to control HbA1c levels.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2018

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 당뇨병이 없는 성인 4,734명을 대상으로 비만 성인의 hs-CRP와 혈당조절 지표들과의 관련성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구결과 BMI가 증가할수록 혈당조절지표인 FBG와 fructosamine 및 $HbA_1c$가 증가하였으며, hs-CRP는 비만 군에서 가장 높은 수치를 보였고, 인슐린저항성의 지표인 HOMA-IR도 비만 군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 또한 hs-CRP 수준을 구분하여 혈당조절지표들과의 관련성을 확인한 결과 hs-CRP가 증가할수록 FBG, fructosamine 및 $HbA_1c$가 증가됨을 확인하였고, 여러 관련 변수를 보정한 후에도 hs-CRP가 증가할수록 FBG, fructosamine 및 $HbA_1c$가 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 결과적으로 비만과 hs-CRP, 혈당조절지표는 각각에서 연관성을 보여 당뇨병이 없는 성인 중 높은 BMI에서 증가된 hs-CRP에 의해 당뇨병의 주요한 병인인 인슐린 저항성을 증가시켜 혈당조절지표인 FBG, fructosamine 및 $HbA_1c$가 통계적으로 유의하게 증가한 것으로 사료된다. 이에 당뇨병이 없는 성인에서도 올바른 식습관 및 규칙적인 운동으로 비만을 예방하여 당뇨병 발생을 감소시키는 노력이 강구되어야 하겠다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.451-454
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• 2010

Objectives: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) has recently recommended the HbA1c assay as one of four options for making the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, with a cut-point of $\geq$ 6.5%. We compared the HbA1c assay and the fasting plasma glucose level for making the diagnosis of diabetes among Korean adults. Methods: We analyzed 8710 adults (age 45-74 years), who were not diagnosed as having diabetes mellitus, from the Namwon study population. A fasting plasma glucose level of $\geq$126 mg/dL and an A1c of $\geq$ 6.5% were used for the diagnosis of diabetes. The kappa index of agreement was calculated to measure the agreement between the diagnosis based on the fasting plasma glucose level and the HbA1c. Results: The kappa index of agreement between the fasting plasma glucose level and HbA1c was 0.50. Conclusions: The agreement between the fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c for the diagnosis of diabetes was moderate for Korean adults.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.283-288
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• 2008

This study was carried out to determine whether a short-tenn zinc supplementation contributes to beneficial changes in glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients. Seventy-six diabetic subjects and 72 normal adults participated in this study. Subjects were divided into supplemented and control groups. Forty-four diabetic patients and 34 normal subjects were supplemented with 50 mg zinc daily as zinc gluconate for 4 weeks. Zinc status was assessed from fasting plasma levels and urinary excretion. The effects of zinc supplementation on fasting blood glucose, $HbA_{1c}$, insulin, and C-peptide were measured at the beginning of the study and after 4 weeks of supplementation. The changes in glycemic control indicators were compared between diabetic groups, classified by baseline $HbA_{1c}$ levels, and by diabetic duration. At baseline, the incidence of marginal zinc deficiency in the diabetic group, as determined by plasma zinc level, was approximately twice as high as in the normal adult group. The changes of $HbA_{1c}$ concentration, and fasting blood glucose following supplementation were not statistically significant in diabetic subjects. In normal subjects, a significant decrease of $HbA_{1c}$ occurred only in the zinc supplemented group. No significant changes were observed for serum insulin and C-peptide in diabetic as well as normal subjects. However, when the changes were compared by baseline $HbA_{1c}$ level, we found that diabetic subjects with $HbA_{1c}\;{\geq}\;7.5%$ showed significantly improved levels of $HbA_{1c}$ and fasting glucose after Zn supplementation. While such improvement in fasting blood glucose was significant among diabetics with shorter diabetic duration, significant levels of increase in serum insulin and C-peptide were observed in zinc supplemented subjects with longer diabetic duration. Fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased, whereas serum insulin and C-peptide were increased in diabetics with marginal zinc status. Therefore, we suggest that Zn supplementation for a short-term period may improve glycemic control in diabetic patients with higher $HbA_{1c}$ levels and marginal zinc status.

• Journal of health informatics and statistics
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.344-351
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of health behaviors of male workers without diabetes such as smoking, drinking and physical activities on HbA1c using 2015 and 2016 data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: The final study subjects of KNHANES were a total of 1,703 male workers in their 30s-50s who had normal levels of fasting blood sugar level, HbA1c, and hemoglobin. For the study variables, age, household income, educational level and occupation were included as socio-demographic characteristics; smoking behavior, drinking behavior, and physical activity behavior as characteristics of health behavior; and waist circumference, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL cholesterol as medical examination characteristics were included. The analysis was conducted using independent variables t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results: Socio-demographic factors that affect HbA1c were age, educational level, and occupation. As for HbA1c according to the status of current smoking, it was higher in order of the present, past and nonsmoking and HbA1c according to smoking amount pack-year increased linearly in between less than 1 pack-year and over 30 pack-year (p<0.001). Muscular exercises affected the reduction of HbA1c (p<0.05). In the multiple regression analysis with independent variables of the socio-demographic characteristics and health behavior, factors affecting HbA1c were age, occupation and smoking amount pack-year (p<0.05). In the multiple regression analysis where the characteristics of physical examination were added, factors affecting HbA1c were age, occupation, smoking amount pack-year, waist circumference and total cholesterol (p<0.001). Conclusions: As a result, the health behavior that had the most effect on HbA1c management for male workers without diabetes was the total lifetime smoking amount. Therefore, it is essential to prevent smoking as well as control, cholesterol to prevent diabetes for male workers.

• 센서학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to classify the concentration of HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin), which is an indicator in the management of accurate blood glucose level in diabetic patients, using a non-invasive optical property measurement method. To measure the optical properties of HbA1c, the optical source uses LEDs and laser diodes of 400 nm in the visible region and 1450 nm in the nearinfrared region using thermopile to detect the Raman scattering intensity. An HbA1c control solution was used. As a result, the optical properties of 5% (normal) and 9% (abnormal) HbA1c control solutions showed specificity in which the output values were reversed at 850 nm and 950 nm, respectively. This property was applied to distinguish between normal and abnormal values in diabetes. In addition, considering tissue penetration depths for non-invasive measurements, two wavelengths were determined to be effective in distinguishing the concentrations of HbA1c control solutions at 5%, 7%, and 9%.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.380-389
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in HbA1c through an education and consultation intervention with diabetic workers. Methods: The participants were 65 workers with Type 2 diabetes. The data were collected from May to October 2014 using questionnaires. The intervention program included six monthly sessions on exercise, dietary habits, stress management, and diabetes knowledge. Changes in HbA1c were evaluated. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests with SPSS WIN23.0. Results: The mean of HbA1c was 7.67% before intervention and 7.28% after intervention, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).The mean level of HbA1c was significantly different depending on job position, working hours, work duration, and smoking habit. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings support the usefulness of intervention programs in reducing HbA1c. Therefore, appropriate intervention programs involving exercise, dietary habits, stress management and diabetes knowledge should be developed and provided to diabetic workers.