• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2004

The study was carried out to investigate the pesticide residual characteristics in peaches, pear and grape. Pesticide residue patterns were remarkably different because of major factors affecting the pesticide residue patterns such as ratios of surface to weight, surface matrices, cultivations, sizes, increase rate of weight, and varieties of fruits, etc.. Pesticide residue levels in grape appeared higher than those in peaches and pear, because the pesticide solution sprayed was infiltrated and accumulated between grape granules. The matrices composing of fruit surface and the ratios of surface area to weight on fruits seemed to playa key role for determining the pesticide residual characteristics in fruits.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.121-129
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• 2015

${\beta}$-agonists are anabolic compounds that promote fat loss and muscle gain, and their administration to livestock may provide economic benefits by increasing growth rate and feed efficiency. For these reasons, ${\beta}$-agonists are also commonly added to livestock feed as growth promoters. This can introduce a significant risk of secondary human poisoning through intake of contaminated meat. A new method for the simultaneous determination of three ${\beta}$-agonists (clenbuterol, ractopamine, and zilpaterol) was developed in this study and applied to various meat samples. The limits of quantification, derived through a validation test following Codex guidelines, were $0.2{\mu}g/kg$ for clenbuterol and zilpaterol, and $0.4{\mu}g/kg$ for ractopamine. The average recoveries for clenbuterol, ractopamine, and zilpaterol ranged from 109.1% to 118.3%, 95.3% to 109.0%, and 94.1% to 120.0%, respectively. The recovery and coefficient of variation (CV) values fell within the acceptable range according to the Codex guidelines. This method reduced the analysis time without decreasing detection efficiency by modifying the pretreatment steps. This method could be utilized to manage the safety of imported meat products from countries where zilpaterol use is still permitted, thereby improving public health and preventing ${\beta}$-agonist poisoning due to secondary contamination.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2011

The dissolution test method and an analytical procedure by HPLC were developed and validated for dobesilate calcium tablets and acepifylline tablets. These drugs were not yet characterized by the dissolution specifications in Korean Pharmaceutical Codex. So, with each reference and test drugs, we did the preliminary and standard experiments based on the Korean Pharmacopeia Guideline of dissolution testing for solid oral dosage forms. The dissolution test for dobesilate calcium tablets was carried out under sink conditions as following: dissolution medium water, paddle rotation speed 50 rpm and vessel volume 900 ml. More than 90% of its label amount was released within 30 min in this method. Also the dissolution test for acepifylline tablets was carried out under sink conditions as follows: dissolution medium water, paddle rotation speed 100 rpm and vessel volume 900 ml. More than 90% of its label amount was released within 45 min in this method. The dissolution samples were analyzed with a precise and accurate HPLC method. The developed dissolution test showed specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy within the acceptable range. The dissolution testing method described above was adequate for the purpose and may be proposed as a pharmacopeial standard to assess the performance of dobesilate calcium tablets and acepifylline tablets.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2018

Red pepper is one of the most important spices popularly utilized in Korea. Because of the differences in tariff rates between red pepper powder and seasoned red-pepper sauce, seasoned red-pepper sauce is often therefore imported by consumers, then dried, ground, and added to red pepper powder for cost effective purposed to use the product the most effectively. In this study, we combined species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays (for red pepper, garlic, onion, spring onion, and ginger) with whole-genome amplification (WGA). Thirty-nine red pepper powders were well in accordance with their labels. However, six red pepper powder and five seasoned red-pepper sauce products failed to meet their compliance requirements. As a consequence, our monitoring results revealed that the overall mislabeling rate detected in this study was identified at 22%. Thus, our findings showed that the species-specific PCR in conjunction with WGA was an ideal method to identify raw materials that are used in the manufacturing of red pepper powder and seasoned red-pepper sauce.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.spc
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• pp.44-49
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• 2022

It is necessary to establish a marine environment management system in Korea for hazardous noxious substances (HNS) effluent from marine industrial facilities because the Marine Environment Management Act primarily focuses on pollution control from vessels and offshore man-made structures. In this study, we investigated the effluent guidelines of foreign cases focusing on the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), which provides detailed information on the action levels and establishing principles for the industrial wastewater discharge of HNS. Based on the review, we also considered appropriate options for establishing new guidelines for Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.446-464
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the task-specific hazards of chemicals used by nail technicians in Daegu Metropolitan City. Materials: A total of 30 nail shops located in Daegu City were surveyed to investigate the major tasks and practices performed by nail technicians and the ingredients listed in nail care products used in shops. We also collected instructions for use and material safety data sheets(MSDSs) of nail care products and compared CAS Nos. of ingredients with the lists of chemicals regulated by the Industrial Safety and Health Act(ISHA) and Chemical Substances Control Act(CSCA). Results: A total of 125 chemical ingredients were found in 468 nail care products used at the 30 nail shops. The most frequently found ingredients were ethyl acetate(72%), followed by n-butyl acetate(71.8%), isopropanol(56%), benzophenone(51.1%), nitrocellulose(46.4%) and ethanol(45.3%). Comparing six tasks, the task of manicuring used the most products at 222 products containing 91 ingredients. Among the 125 ingredients, there are 31 chemicals with occupational exposure limits(OEL) designated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor(MoEL), eight categorized as carcinogens, one mutagen and two reproductive toxic chemicals. In terms of carcinogens, formaldehyde was identified as the only confirmed human carcinogen(1A). We found that there was one chemical with a permissible limit, one special management substance, 18 workplace monitoring substances and ten special health diagnosis substances regulated by ISHA. For CSCA, nine poisonous substances, six substances requiring preparation for accidents and one restricted substance were identified. Conclusions: Based on these findings, formaldehyde was identified as one of the chemicals that should most strictly be controlled for the protection of the health of nail technicians and customers. At the same time, it is necessary to distribute materials with detailed hazardous information of nail care products for nail shop technicians.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.110-116
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• 2016

The major aim of this study was to provide information on the chemical accidents that occurred in laboratories over the last 3 years. The total incidence of laboratory chemical accidents was 30 cases; 25 cases occurred at educational institutions. Most accidents (19 cases) occurred due to spills and leaks. The main cause of the accidents analyzed was worker carelessness (21 cases). Twenty-two accidents were related to hazardous chemical substances. In addition, general chemical substances as well as waste liquid contributed 26% to the incidents related to the laboratory. Among the 22 hazardous chemical substances involved in laboratory chemical accident, 67% of accident substances were accident preparedness substances.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.681-688
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• 2020

Approximately 6,000 chemicals are transported through the sea, including hazardous and noxious substances (HNS), which cause marine pollution and are harmful to marine life. The HNS discharged into the sea during the maritime transportation process undergoes physical and chemical changes on the sea surface and in seawater, and some types of HNS sink and are deposited on the seabed. The HNS deposited on the seabed adversely affects the benthic ecosystem, and hence, it is desirable to detect, treat, and recover the HNS on the seabed. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the performance requirements that should be considered as the top priority when developing a mechanical system for recovering the HNS deposited on the seabed. Various types of existing dredging devices used for collecting and recovering pollutants from river beds and seabeds were investigated, and 10 performance indices for the mechanical devices were selected. The new performance requirements for the development of the seabed-deposited HNS recovery system were proposed using performance indices. By considering the depth of water in domestic seaports, some of the performance requirements of the mechanical system for recovering deposited HNS from the seabed were obtained as follows: production rate (50-300 ㎥/hr), maximum operation depth (50 m), sediment type (most forms), percentage of solids (10 % or higher), horizontal operating accuracy (±10 cm), limiting currents (3-5 knots). These performance requirements are expected to be useful in the conceptual and basic design of mechanical systems for recovering seabed-deposited HNS.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.689-697
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• 2020

Hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) may cause maritime incidents during marine transportation, which are liable to lead to a large amount of spillage or discharge into the sea. The damage to the marine environment caused by the HNS spill or discharge is known to be much greater than the damage caused by oil spill. Particularly dangerous is HNS, which is deposited or buried in the seabed, as it can damage the organisms that live on, in, and near the bottom of the sea, the so-called "benthos," forming the benthic ecosystem. Therefore, it is vital that the HNS deposited on the seabed be recovered. In order to do so, procedures and equipment are required for accurate detection, stabilization treatment, and recovery of HNS in subsea sediment. Thus, when developing a mechanical recovery system, the performance requirements should be selected using performance indices, and the conceptual design of the mechanical recovery system should be based on performance requirements decided upon and selected in advance. Therefore, this study was conducted to arrive at a conceptual design for a mechanical recovery system for the recovery of HNS deposited on the seabed. In the design of the system, based on the fundamental scenario, the method of suction foundation with the function of self enclosing was adopted for recovering the HNS sediment in the subsea sediment. The mechanical recovery system comprises the suction foundation, pollution prevention, a pump system, control system, monitoring device, location information device, transfer device, and tanks. This conceptual design is expected to be reflected and used in the basic design of the components and shapes of the mechanical recovery system.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2020

In this work, we developed an analytical method for determining 11 illicit compounds in dietary supplements using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Eleven target compounds, including those meant for weight loss (7-keto-dihydroepiandrosterone, buformin, metformin, phenformin, salbutamol, and tolbutamide), sexual enhancement (dihydroepiandrosterone), and relaxation (asarone, kavain, magnoflorine, and picamilon) were screened and confirmed in dietary supplements. Method validation was performed by evaluating the selectivity, linearity, limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision according to the Association of Official Analytical Chemists guidelines. The linearity was > 0.993 for all analytes. The LOQs were ranged in 2.1-9.9 ㎍/mL (HPLC-DAD) and 0.002-0.008 ㎍/mL (LC-MS/MS). The accuracies (expressed as recovery) were 90.0-106% (HPLC-DAD) and 83.0-114% (LC-MS/MS). The precision (expressed as the relative standard deviation) was below 10% using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. The proposed method can be used for the surveillance of illicit compounds in dietary supplements.