• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.58-73
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to evaluate the equipment risk before and after SEMI S2-93A implementation, thus providing a guideline for safety improvement. Semiconductor Plant A located in Taiwan's Hsinchu Science Based Industrial Park with 147 manufacturing machines was used for risk assessment. This study was carried out in three steps. First, a preliminary hazard analysis was conducted. A detailed process safety evaluation was conducted (Hazard and Operability Study, HAZOP); and finally, the equipment risk comparison before and after Semiconductor Equipment Manufacturing Instruction (SEMI S2-93A) implementation. The preliminary hazard analysis results showed high risk in 21.77% of the manufacturing machines under risk assessment at Plant A. The largest percentage existed in the Diffusion Department. The machine types specified by the hazardous work site review and inspection according to Article 26 of Labor Inspection Regulation (the machines that use such chemicals as, $SiH_4$, HF, HCL, etc. and that are determined to be highly hazardous through preliminary hazard analysis) were added to the detailed process analysis and evaluation. In the third part of this evaluation, the machines at Plant A used for detailed process safety assessment were divided into two groups based on the manufacturing data before and after 1993. The severity, possibility, and actual accident analysis before and after SEMI S2-93A implementation were compared. The Semiconductor Equipment Manufacturing Instruction (SEMI S2-93A) implementation can reduce the severity and possibility of hazard occurrence.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.673-682
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• 2020

This study investigates the concentration distribution of aldehydes and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the archive of the National Library in Korea and evaluates the health risks to workers from hazardous chemicals. Acetaldehyde had the highest concentration among the nine species of aldehydes present in the archive and the concentration of toluene was the highest among the six species of VOCs. Most of the detected substances showed that their indoor concentrations were higher than the outdoor ones, suggesting the possibility of indoor sources of aldehydes and VOCs. The evaluation of health risks for workers based on these measurement results showed that not all substances were hazardous to the human body. However, considering the possibility of the presence of indoor sources and the potential limits of our study owing its short period, it is necessary to conduct long-term studies on the concentration distribution of indoor pollutants in the archive environment.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.126-137
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in gender related to health status, occupational environment, occupational safety and health and hazardous chemicals use of migrant workers in Korea. Method: The survey was conducted in clinics that provided free healthcare services for migrant workers. Of the 413 respondents, 66.3% were males and 33.7% were females. Result: In the case of male migrant workers, many worker were not fluent in Korean, had illegal status in the country, and had moved jobs frequently. There were many cases in which migrant workers worked in small-scale enterprises and worked long hours. Job stress score was high for many workers and they dealt with heavy materials and risky machines. Many workers had not received proper occupational health and safety education and those that were previously injured had repeated injuries. Among the female migrant workers, many worker received low salary and shift work was common. Many worker complained of gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal illnesses and treated toxic substances. Conclusion: As a result, it will be necessary to focus on the strategies for decreasing occupational injuries from physical risk factors for males and from chemical risk factors for female migrant workers.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.453-464
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• 2010

We evaluated the status and problems of golf course developments in the southern coast of Korea. It's adjacent waters supports nursery and fishing grounds for commercially-important fisheries species, and various sites are designated and protected as marine protection area(MPA), fisheries reserve, or clean area(blue belt) for producing shellfish. We proposed key assessment items for environmental impact assessment(EIA) and checklists in selecting golf course locations. For the protected areas, we suggest that it is essential to limit golf course establishment while setting a minimal distance from the coast to secure a buffer zone for mitigating the environmental impacts. To efficiently utilize existing regional coastal management plans, it is necessary to diagnose how a golf course development will potentially modify geomorphology and scenery, amplify pollutant loads from non-point sources, and disrupt the functions of coastal ecosystem. Especially, continued monitoring and assesssing input loads of hazardous materials originating from agricultural chemicals should be obligatory. Finally, measures for improving the QA/QC analysis were discussed to enhance reliability of environmental data with respect to golf courses and adjacent coastal waters.

• 청정기술
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.6-23
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• 1998

반도체 산업은 각종 전자지기의 발달로 급격히 성장하였으며 현재는 우리 나라에서도 반도체 산업이 경제에서 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 국내외의 환경규제와 환경에 대한 대중의 관심이 높아지면서, 반도체 공정의 안전한 관리와 환경유해성 물질의 배출억제를 위하여 반도체 산업에서의 청정기술의 개발이 시급한 과제가 되고 있다. 청정기술이란 근본적으로 환경유해성 오염물질을 배출하지 않는 기술을 의미하나 이는 지금까지 개발된 기술로는 거의 불가능하다. 따라서 공정 내에서부터 환경유해물질의 배출을 최소화하는 기술도 청정기술의 범위에 포함시킨다. 반도체 공정은 연속적인 화학공정들로 구성되어 있으며 그 과정에서 많은 종류의 환경유해성 오염물질이 배출될 수 있다. 반도체 공정에서 발생하는 오염물질들은 기상 형태의 배가스, 액상 형태의 폐수, 폐기물의 세 가지 형태로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 기상의 오염물질을 억제하기 위한 기술로는 오염물질만을 선택적으로 파괴하거나 오염물질만을 농축하여 공정 내에서 재활용하는 방법, 또는 오염을 유발하는 물질 대신 이를 대체할 수 있는 환경에 안전한 물질을 개발하는 방법 등이 있다. 액상의 오염물질을 저감시키는 기술로는 공정의 최적화를 통하여 오염물질의 양을 최소화하는 방법과 유독한 물질로 구성된 원료를 대체하는 방법 등이 있다. 또한 근본적인 오염원을 제거하기 위하여 화학물질의 사용량 자체를 줄이거나 기상을 이용한 세정 시스템 등의 방법을 사용하는 것도 연구중이다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2020

화학사고의 예방 및 대응을 위한 화학물질관리법이 2015년 전부 개정되었다. 이를 계기로 유해화학물질 취급시설의 설치 및 관리기준도 상당히 강화되었다. 하지만, 일부 기존시설의 경우 시설기준 준수가 어려운 쉽지 않은 경우가 발생하지만 일괄적으로 적용되고 있어 산업계에서는 어려움을 호소하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 최근 2년(2017-2018)간 취급시설 중 민원(1,087건)이 가장 많았던(2017:117건, 2018:83건) 방류벽에 대한 선행연구, Flacs 시뮬레이션, 국내·외 기준, 만족도 조사 등을 통해 보다 합리적인 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 이에 현재 가동 중인 기존시설에 한하여 방류벽의 설치 목적을 고려하여 화학물질 유·누출을 신속하게 감지할 수 있고 신뢰성을 높이기 위해 감지기를 추가로 설치하거나 상시 모니터링이 가능한 폐쇄회로텔레비전(CCTV)을 추가로 설치·운영하는 경우 추가 대체방안으로 인정하였다. 이는 부지를 확보하기 힘들거나, 공사비용 등 경제적인 문제로 법적인 규제를 이행하지 못하는 영세사업장 또는 중소기업의 안전측면과 비용적인 측면에 도움이 될 것이다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.418-434
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• 2010

As concerns regarding water pollution grow, the need increases for a fast and accurate assessment of ecological risk. In this context, many studies have been conducted to identify biomarkers which can sensitively indicate exposure to and effects of various contaminants in a water environment. However, the utility of most such biomarkers in the real water environment is not yet validated. In this paper, we conducted a thorough review of publications that were related to developing or evaluating molecular and biochemical biomarkers of freshwater fish in ecological risk assessment, and evaluated whether these biomarkers of interest could link to the effects on higher biological levels, such as histopathology and above. Biomarkers of interest included those associated with metabolism, oxidative stress, reproduction and endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, and defense against heavy metal exposure. We found that, when used alone, most molecular and biochemical biomarkers are not sufficient to understand the effects of toxic substances in higher biological levels, due to defense or acclimation mechanisms of organisms. Moreover, some biomarkers respond not only to hazardous substances but also to the changes in water quality and disease outbreak. Molecular and biochemical biomarkers may be most useful in understanding the potential biological effects of toxic compounds when used in parallel with relevant endpoints of higher biological levels.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2020

Hazardous and noxious substance (HNS) detection sensors were fabricated using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and various binder materials for ion batteries. To obtain uniformly printed films, the printing precision according to the substrate cleaning method was monitored, and the printing paste mixing ratio was investigated. Binders were prepared using styrene butadiene rubber + carboxymethyl cellulose (SBR+CMC), polyvinylidene fluoride + n-methyl-2-pyrrolidene (PVDF+NMP), and mixed with MWCNTs. The surface morphology of the printed films was examined using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, and their electrical properties are investigated using an I-V sourcemeter. Finally, sensing properties of MWCNT printed films were measured according to changes in the concentration of the chemical under the various applied voltages. In conclusion, the MWCNT printed films made of (SBR+CMC) were found to be feasible for application to the detection of hazardous and noxious chemicals spilled in seawater.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2023

대한민국은 세계 1위의 반도체 생산 국가임에도 불구하고 산업 보호를 위한 현장의 폐쇄성으로 대부분의 연구가 단순한 물질 위험에 대한 위험성평가로 이루어지고 있다. 산업 안전 측면에서 유해위험물질의 누출 상태를 파악하는 가스 감지기 등의 모니터링 시스템 등을 구축하고 있으나, 누출 시 유해위염 물질을 효과적으로 배기하기 위한 연구는 최근에서야 시작되었다. 인화성 물질이 다량 취급되는 반도체 제조설비(가스박스)는 현재 가스 감지기 및 공기투입구를 막는 방법으로 안전관리를 하고 있는데, 공기투입구가 없으면 박스 내부를 음압으로 관리할 수는 있으나 내부 기류가 원활히 생성되지 않아 인화성 물질 누출 시 단시간 희석이 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 여러 기준들을 기본으로 하여 가스박스 규모에 따른 덕트 사이즈의 결정, 공기 투입구의 적정크기 연구를 통하여 인화성 누출 시 유해화학물질이 외부로 노출되지 않으면서 배기 성능 요구량을 최소로 할 수 있는 최적 배기 설계를 해보고자 한다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2024

Background: Appropriateness issues have emerged regarding the non-application of hazardous substance safety standards for items classified as 'other textile products'. Objectives: Testing for formaldehyde (HCHO) and risk assessment were conducted on 'other textiles products' to provide reference data for promoting product safety policies. Methods: Testing was conducted on five items (102 products) classified as 'other textile products' according to relevant standards (textile products safety standards), and the risk of each product was assessed using the evaluation methodologies of the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) and European Chemical Agency (ECHA). Results: Out of the 102 products tested, HCHO was detected above the quantification limit in five. Based on these results, the screening risk assessment indicated that three products exceeded the criteria. Upon reassessing the emission and transfer rates of products exceeding the criteria, it was confirmed that there were no instances of exceeding the criteria. Conclusions: Risk assessment results can be used as supporting data for non-application of hazardous substance standards. However, it is deemed necessary to transition towards a management approach based on risks in order to addressing emerging trends such as convergence/new products.