• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.262-269
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• 2008

Chemical products have had an favorable influence on our everyday life, and contributed very much to the development of human culture. According to the rapid change of industry and the development of scientific technique the using chemical products are increasing more and more. Chemical products can have any hazardous property such as flammability or explosiveness. There are occurring many accidents in the international trade due to the different classification and labelling of chemicals produced in various countries. The main purpose of this work is the development of global standard test methods for the chemicals, and the classification and labelling in building block approach by means of the basic technical data. Oxidizing solids, combustible solids, spontaneously combustible materials, water-prohibitive materials, flammable liquids, self-reactive materials and oxidizing liquids have been tested. The results have been classified according to the hazard material safety regulation and the UN regulation, and summarized in a data-base.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.121-129
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• 2019

The Chemical Control Act of 2015 was enhanced to ensure the safe management of hazardous chemicals. In particular, there have been substantial changes in the standards for the installation and management of handling facilities for manufacturing and storing hazardous chemicals. However, some standards for handling facilities are difficult to implement due to a lack of physical space or because of safety accidents during facility improvements. Therefore, the Safety assessment system (SAS) has been operating for such facilities since 2018. This study developed a leakage trajectory evaluation module that can easily evaluate the outside of a dike for safety evaluation. We analyzed two case studies on a dike for hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid storage tanks with this module and suggest a reasonable plan for the facility. We believe that it will be possible to more easily submit SAS reports at chemical plants by using this evaluation module. This study is expected to contribute to the improvement of the safety design of hazardous chemical handling facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.48-55
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• 2019

For preventing the accidents generated from the chemical materials, thus far, MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) data have been made to notify how to use and manage the hazardous and chemical materials in safety. However, it is difficult for users who handle these materials to understand the MSDS data because they are only listed based on the alphabetical order, not based on the specific factors such as similarity of characteristics. It is limited in representing the types of chemical materials with respect to their characteristics. Thus, in this study, a lots of MSDS data are visualized based on relationships of the characteristics among the chemical materials for supporting safety managers. For this, we used the textmining algorithm which extracts text keywords contained in documents and the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm which visually addresses textual data information. In the case of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States, the guide texts contained in MSDS documents, which include use information such as reactivity and potential risks of materials, are gathered as the target data. First, using the textmining algorithm, the information of chemicals is extracted from these guide texts. Next, the MSDS map is developed using SOM in terms of similarity of text information of chemical materials. The MSDS map is helpful for effectively classifying chemical materials by mapping prohibited and hazardous substances on the developed the SOM map. As a result, using the MSDS map, it is easy for safety managers to detect prohibited and hazardous substances with respect to the Industrial Safety and Health Act standards.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.101-109
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• 2021

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to introduce the development process of work situations and types in the revised regulations on wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for hazardous chemical handlers, analyze the implementation of the regulations, and then provide basic data for future education strategies. Methods: The development process of work situations for regulation was explained through a flowchart by year. In 2018, a survey of 30 chemical managers and 201 managers and handlers was conducted based on recognition of work situations and the related regulations. In 2019, 91 chemical managers and 204 handlers were surveyed to find the degree of compliance with regulations, direction for improvement of understanding the regulations, and training methods. Results: Only 78.0% of chemical managers and 66.7% of handlers said they were aware of the regulations (p<0.05). Just 79.0% of handlers knowing the regulations said they would wear PPE in compliance with these regulations. Therefore, the best way to make workers wear proper PPE in accordance with regulations is to strengthen the promotion of education on regulations. In order to improve the quality of education, 51.7% of managers and 33.3% of handlers cited educational content (video, ppt, etc.) as the top priority. Conclusion: This study suggested that more educational opportunities should be provided and educational content should be developed in order for workers handling hazardous chemicals to wear PPE as prescribed in regulations.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.419-429
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• 2016

Objectives: According to the new Chemical Control Act from the Korean Ministry of Environment (2014-259), workers handling hazardous chemicals should wear personal protective equipment (PPE). However the act simply states in basic phrases that every worker handling one or more of the 69 listed chemicals should wear PPE and does not consider the unique hazard characteristics of chemicals and work types. The main purpose of this study is to provide basic data to revise the act to suit particular work processes and situations. Methods: The hazard rank of the substances was classified based on hazardous characteristics such as LC50 and vapor pressure using matrix analysis. The workplace exposure risk of the substances was also determined through a matrix analysis based on the previously determined hazard ranks and the demands of manual handling together with the likelihood of accident frequency of the operation combined with the exposure of workers during spill accidents. Results: To meet the demands for developing subsequent guidelines for the risk-based application of PPE in hazardous workplaces, this study sorted the 69 listed chemicals into five hazardous categories based on their LC50 and vapor pressures, and also assigned exposure categories according to exposure vulnerability for various types of work which are frequently performed throughout the life cycle of the chemicals. Conclusion: In the next study, an exposure risk matrix will be produced using the hazard rank of chemicals and workplace exposure risk, and then PPE will be selected to suit the categories of the exposure risk matrix.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.285-293
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to ascertain the important factors for SMEs in managing the risks of chemicals and to suggest a government role in strengthening the responsibility of small and medium enterprises(SMEs) as employers. Methods: About 100 enterprises were surveyed in Incheon. A questionnaire for employers and walk-through surveys by occupational hygienists were performed at each enterprise. Results: The results showed that most employers thought chemicals were not hazardous but chemical management was needed. When employers determine how to manage chemicals, they rely heavily on personal experience and rather less on information from the government or experts. However, if employers think the chemicals are hazardous, they do more to manage the chemicals. Conclusions: When employers think chemicals are hazardous, risk assessment would be an effective tool to control chemical hazards in SMEs. Employers' position on chemical hazards is very important. Since the government is the initiator, it is the government who develops messages for SMEs, such as "Chemicals are hazardous and management can reduce the risk of chemicals." Governmental messages can play an invaluable role in strengthening the responsibility of SME employers to manage chemical hazards.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.7-16
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• 2000

In the study, three criteria(toxicity, fire & explosion, environment) and damage prediction method for each case was set up, and all these criteria were applied to the subject substance that was selected as hazardous level by integrating all criteria through Algorithm. Particularly, the environment criterion is a comprehensive concept, environment index modeling by combining USCG(United State Coast Guard) & MSDS(Material Safety Data Sheet) environment criteria classifications and the environment part of MFPA's health hazardousnes(Nh). And for damage prediction method of each criterion were adopted and they were applied to hazardous chemical substances in use or stored by chemical substance related enterprises located in each region that made possible to set up total hazard level of used substances(inflammability, poisonousness and counteraction on a unit substance, and hazard level & display modeling on environment) & damage prediction in case of accident & solidity setup(CPQRA: Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Assessment, IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency, VZ eq: Vulnerable Zone) risk counter. Thus it is deemed that it can be applied to toxic substance leakage that can happen during any chemical processing & storage, application as a tool for prior safety evaluation through potential dangerousness computation of fire & explosion.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.49-63
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• 2021

In this study, a convenient approach for sensitive, quick and simple detection of hazardous acids was investigated. A series of azo dyes were synthesized and applied as a chemosensor for the acid detection both on fibers and in solution. Various aniline, benzothiazole or isoxazole derivatives were used as diazo component and coupled with N-benzyl-N-ethylaniline or 2,2'-(phenylimino)bis-ethanol to give azo based dyes. The acid sensing phenomenon was observed by naked-eye and detection was further confirmed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and hue difference(ΔH^*) evaluation. The developed sensors showed a distinct and quick color change from yellow to magenta by addition of trace amounts of the hazardous acids. The absorption maxima was shifted to a longer wavelength by 70 ~ 150nm and hue difference(ΔH^*) was 60 ~ 120°. A cotton fiber coated with Dye 1 exhibited excellent storage stability under various temperature(-30 ~ 43℃) and humidity(30 ~ 80%) conditions without discoloration and fading of the fiber sensors. Also the acid sensing properties were maintained.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Milk and dairy products are nutritionally one of the most important food in human health and the quality of raw milk is significantly important to ensure safety of dairy products. However, milk and dairy products are commonly related with chemical and microbial contaminations. Therefore, rapid and reliable detection of hazardous (e.g. pathogenic bacteria, pesticides, antibiotics, microbial toxins) in milk and dairy products is essential to ensure human health and food safety. Conventional methods for detection of food hazardous are mostly time-consuming to yield a results. Recently, biosensors have been focused as its rapidity and high sensitivity to analyse chemical and microbial hazardous from a variety of foods and environments. This study reviewed the recent trends and applications of biosensors as rapid detection method of hazardous in milk and dairy products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2016

Natural disasters can cause major accidents in chemical facilities where they can lead to the release of hazardous materials which in turn can result in fires, explosions or toxic dispersion. Technological disasters triggered by natural disasters are referred to as NaTech(Natural Disaster Triggered Technological Disaster). These trends increase the probability of catastrophic future disasters and the potential for mass human exposure to hazardous materials released during disasters. In the present study, we proposed some methods for effective disaster management by conducting case study of major NaTech. First, establishing information sharing system of chemical accident for stakeholders and improving disaster manuals and standards of central and local government and co-operation support system. Second, activating information service of emergency planning and community right to know. Third, improving the integrated chemical accident database including NaTech accidents.