• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Purpose: This observational study was aimed to determine the influence of the Hawthorne effect on the adherence to hand hygiene (HH) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in South Korea. Methods: HCWs were monitored in 2 periods regarding adherence to HH when there were indications for HH. In first period, HCWs recognized that their behavior of hand hygiene being observed (overt observation), and did not recognize in second period (covert observation). Results: The overall difference in HH rate between two periods was 45.0% point (77.8% vs 32.8%). There were significant differences between profession but in nurse aids. The differences in HH rate between two periods were 46.1% point in nurses, 29.9% point in physicians, 64.0% in radiologists, 62.5% point in laboratory technicians, 36.4% point in physio-therapist, and 1.0% point in nurse aids. The Hawthorne effect on the adherence to HH lasted more than 3 months. Conclusion: The Hawthorne effect markedly influence on the adherence to HH regardless of profession except nurse aids. Therefore, Hawthorne effect can be useful tool to improve and sustain the adherence to HH among HCWs in South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.593-606
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the Hawthorne effect on healthcare service process innovation, by investing the difference between checklist items of patients and doctors on direct clinical observations (DCO) and the retrospective clinical review (RCR). Methods: The data set consisted of 30 patients and 30 doctors respondents. T-tests were used to perform a comparative analysis of DCO and RCR items between patients and doctors by pre and post examinations. Results: The results indicate that there was a difference between the non-prior notice checklist items of the patients and doctors, while there was no difference of the post-examination checklist items between the patients and doctors. Conclusion: This study provides useful information and can be applied to the improvement of patient experience through healthcare service process innovation. The results of this study also offer practical insights about how hospitals can motivate providers to participate in healthcare service process for improved quality care by the Hawthorne effect. The study contributes to the existing knowledge of the Hawthorne effect for effective strategies for providing quality care.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.72-80
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• 2023

Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA) is a well known preventive aviation safety program for Threat and Error management (TEM). High quality LOSA data suitable for safety management is obtained when a flight crew flies at the same level of attention as ordinary flight. Factors contributing to LOSA data quality may include flight crew's understanding on LOSA purpose, observer's career, and characteristics of the organization responsible for LOSA operations. This study explored purposes of TEM and LOSA, as well as their relationship. Previous studies mentioned quality of LOSA data can be influenced by heuristic judgment, hawthorne effect, and priming effect. This study recognized the importance of LOSA data quality to be effectively used for preventive safety management. It was confirmed that the level of understanding on LOSA concept, experience of the observer, and the characteristics of the department in charge of LOSA operation could affect the quality of LOSA data.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12-week Tai Chi on the bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in postmenopausal women Methods: Data were collected from March to July, 2009. Fifty postmenopausal women were recruited for the study. Twenty two women were allocated to experimental group, and 28 to control group. The experimental group underwent Tai Chi exercise twice a week for twelve weeks. The control group was only notified with results of bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers. Bone mineral density was measured by using of DTX-200 (Osteometer MediTech, Hawthorne, CA, USA) at distal radius site and bone metabolic markers were measured by radioimmunoassay method. Collected data were analyzed by t-test, $X^2$-test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, the Tai Chi group showed a significant difference in bone mineral density compared to control group but no significant effect on osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline level. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 12 weeks of Tai chi may delay bone loss in postmenopausal women.