• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.727-733
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• 1993

An attempt was made to mechanize the infield transportation system in a cocoa plantation. A small trailer was designed and fabricated and used with a commercial 2-wheeled walking tractor modified into a 4-wheeled tractor-trailer unit to suit the plantation conditions. The transporter had a capacity of 800 kg and could be loaded with about 1000 cocoa pods at a time and was well within the towing capability of a 10 hp tractor. Time and motion studies were conducted on a 30 acre, 6 year old cocoa plantation intercropped with coconut to compare manual and the tractor-trailer combination in relation to infield transportation. The total time taken to harvest 80 trees manually was computed to be 24 manuhours per hectare whilst the tractor-trailer combination required 18manhours.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.81-85
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• 1980

Field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum harvesting time in winter rape (Brassica napus L.) by investigating the percent oil, 1, 000 seed weight, seed yield, dehiscent pod ratio and oil yield at 46, 50, 54, 58, 62, 66 and 70 days after flowering. Variation of all characters with days after flowering could be explained significantly by second degree polynomial equations. Percent oil and 1, 000 seed weight increased until 62 days after flowering and thereafter these traits decreased, while seed yield increased to 58 days after flowering and thereafter this trait decreased. This controversy was due to the drastic increase in dehiscent pods beyond 58 days after flowering which brought loss in seed yield. These results suggest that optimum harvesting time is 58 days after flowering and it should not be later than 60 days after flowering.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.611-616
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• 2007

Purpose: The latissimus dorsi muscle flap is a versatile flap used in a variety of reconstructive procedures. The most common complication of LD muscle flap is donor site seroma, reported to occur in 20 to 79 percent of cases. The formation of dead space under the flap is intimately associated with seroma formation. The authors think that the use of progressive tension suture at closing donor site can decrease the formation of dead space and ultimately reduce the incidence of donor site seroma. Methods: A retrospective review was performed with 38 patients who underwent latissimus dorsi muscle harvest for breast reconstruction from March 2003 to September 2004. Progressive tension sutures were used during donor site closure in 22 patients. This group was compared with controls group(16 patients) who underwent latissimus dorsi muscle harvest without using this technique. Operation time, length of hospital stay, period of drainage, complication, and satisfaction about postoperative scar of donor site were examined. Results: The average length of hospital stay was 10.2 days and 12.7 days, and the mean duration of drainage were 7.3 days and 11.7 days in each progressive suture group and control group. These results were statistically significant (p<0.05). In the 22 patients who underwent progressive tension suture, none had seroma, hematoma or skin necrosis. In control group(16 patients), there happened one seroma formation and one partial skin necrosis. These complications were healed by aspiration of seroma and wound revision. The patients' satisfaction was not statistically significant, but the higher points were given by the patients who underwent progressive tension suture. Conclusion: This technique, progressive tension suture, is an effective method to reduce or eliminate donor site seroma, which is the most common complication associated with latissimus dorsi muscle harvest.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1488-1495
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of post-harvest storage duration and wheat variety on the digestibility and energy content of new season wheat fed to finishing pigs. Two wheat varieties (Shi and Zhong) were harvested in 2013 and stored in the warehouse of the Fengning Pig Experimental Base at China Agricultural University for 3, 6, 9, or 12 mo. For each storage period, 12 barrows were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to diets containing 1 of the 2 wheat varieties in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets contained 97.34% wheat and 2.66% of a vitamin and trace mineral premix. With an extension of storage duration from 3 mo to 12 mo, the gross energy (GE) and crude protein (CP) of the wheat decreased by 2.0% and 12.01%, respectively, while the concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and starch content increased by 30.26%, 19.08%, and 2.46%, respectively. Total non-starch polysaccharide, total arabinose, total xylose and total mannose contents decreased by 46.27%, 45.80%, 41.71%, and 75.66%, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in the chemical composition between the two wheat varieties with the exception of ADF which was approximately 13.37% lower in Shi. With an extension of storage duration from 3 mo to 12 mo, the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) content and the apparent total tract digestibility of GE, CP, dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, ADF and metabolizability of energy in wheat decreased linearly (p<0.01) by 5.74%, 7.60%, 3.75%, 3.88%, 3.50%, 2.47%, 26.22%, 27.62%, and 3.94%, respectively. But the digestibility of NDF changed quadratically (p<0.01). There was an interaction between wheat variety and storage time for CP digestibility (p<0.05), such that the CP digestibility of variety Zhong was stable during 9 mo of storage, while the CP digestibility of variety Shi decreased (p<0.05). In conclusion, the GE, DE, and ME of wheat was stable during the first 3 to 6 mo of post-harvest storage, and decreased during the following 6 to 12 mo of storage under the conditions of this study.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1968

It has been made clear that there exist a definite rhythm in the accumulative process of carbohydrates of soybeans, and that there is a great variation in nitrogen metabolism. In spite of earlier or later manuring, it is possible to make use of the above stated conclusion. But in the case of later manuring, there is so short a time of growth before harvest, resulting in the lack of normal growth and in a great effect upon harvest. In the general terms, the first half period of growth may be called that of nitrogen assimilation, and the late half, that of carbohydrate assimilation. It has delayed comparatively distinction between these periods whether manuring was done earlier or later. In other words, the lack of carbohydrates in the first half period of growth has been found to deter the process of protein synthesis. And the lack of protein in a body in the latter half period of growth has been found to weaken photosynthesis that should be active, resulting in the decrease of harvest. Consequently, lack of protein in the body during the period of pod adhesion definitely brought about lack of growth in the latter period of growth. It follows, therefore, that in order to increase harvest, it is necessary to manure comparatively in the early period, and that contents of various forms of nitrogen.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Purpose: Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been widely used. The optimal time for collection is a critical factor to obtain proper counts of CD34 cell by peripheral blood stem cell collection (PBSC). The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing peripheral blood stem cell collection in order to figure out the more effective timing for PBSC. Method: The subjects of this study were 189 patients undergoing 3 leukapheresis from January 28, 2005 to December 31,2006. Group's characteristics, checkup opinion of pre-peripheral blood on the day of harvest & outcome of PBSC were analyzed and evaluated using SAS statistics program after grouping patients as below; group 1-CD34 cell counts $<2{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=97); group $2-2{\times}10^6/kg$ ${\leq}CD34$ cell counts $<4{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=26); group 3-CD34 cell counts ${\geq}4{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=63). Results: Based on outcome of peripheral blood stem cell according to diagnosis, acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) was 65.5% at Group 1, Lymphoma was 21.7% at Group 2 and multiple myeloma (MM) was 70.8% at Group 3. There were significant differences in CD34 cell counts according to diagnosis (p=0.00004). Type of cytokine mobilization according to diagnosis, Lenograsim was using 62.5% of MM & 38.2% of AML and filgrastim is using 22.0% of AML only. Circular peripheral blood CD34 cell counts prior to harvest was $258.1/{\mu}L$ at Group 3 which was much higher comparing to Group 1 ($10.5/{\mu}L$) and Group 2 ($39.9/{\mu}L$) (p<0.001). TNC counts of collected peripheral blood stem cell was $15.36{\times}10^6/kg$ at Group 3 and it's much higher than Group 2 ($13.16{\times}10^6/kg$) and Group 1 ($12.36{\times}10^6/kg$) (p=0.083). There was no significant difference in MNC counts inbetween 3 groups. Conclusions: Circular peripheral blood CD34+ cell counts prior to harvest was much higher at Group 3 than Group 1 and Group 2. Therefore, the number of CD34+ cells on the day of harvest can be used as an accurate predictor for peripheral blood stem cell.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of growth stage and variety on the yield and quality of whole crop rice (WCR) at National Livestock Research Institute, RDA from 2003 to 2005. Two types of rice ("Chucheong" for food and "Hamasari" for feed) were harvested at six different growth stages (heading, flowering, milk, dough, yellow ripening and fully ripening stage). Crude protein content decreased with progressed maturity at harvest. As growth stage delayed, TDN (total digestible nutrient) content of all rice varieties increased. The average TDN content of two type of rice was about 60% (59.3) which was calculated from ADF(acid detergent fiber) content. The contents of ADF and NDF(neutral detergent fiber) decreased with harvest maturity. The highest DM(dry matter) yield was at the ripening stage (p<0.05) and "Chucheong" gave higher yields than for "Hamasari". In this experiment, the DM yield of all varieties was low. The yield of TDN followed a similar trend to DM yield. According to this results that dough to yellow ripening stage of harvest maturity will be recommendable as proper harvest time for whole crop rice silage.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2015

'Chuhwangbae' pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) were investigated on how types of paper bag and harvesting dates influenced on skin blackening before harvest as well as fruit quality after harvest. Experiments included four different types of paper bags (NP/YP, GP/YP, NP/BP, and NP/RP) and five different harvesting dates [160, 170, 180, 190, and 200 days after full bloom (DAFB)]. NP/YP and GP/YP indicated for newspaper- and gray paper-outer bag, respectively, with yellow paper-inner bag of the both. NP/BP and NP/RP indicated for newspaper-outer bag of the both with black paper- and red paper-inner bag, respectively. The NP/YP (newspaper/yellow paper) showed high absorbance and air and water vapor permeability in the bags, while the NP/RP (newspaper/red paper) resulted in poor physical properties in the bags. Fruit enclosed with NP/YP resulted in the absence of skin blackening, but fruit with NP/RP bags had the highest skin blackening (12.7%). Occurrence of skin blackening was concentrated on the middle and calyx end-part of fruit region. NP/RP bag treatment was likely to increase fruit weight, firmness, titratable acidity, and fruit surface color. Harvest at high relative humidity in air increased skin blackening of fruit. Later fruit harvest, such as 190 and 200 DAFB, increased skin blackening, fruit weight, and sugar content while decreasing fruit firmness and titratable acidity.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 1987

To know the effects of weeding periods (weeding from 12 days, 28 days and 42 days after seeding to harvest, and weeding from seeding to 14 days, 28 days and 42 days after seeding) and growing conditions such as transparent polyethylene film mulch (P.E. mulch) and bare soil on growth and yield of peanuts, "Yeongho-Tangkong" was planted on May 10, 1984. Under P.E. mulch, the number of weeds was higher, but the weed dry weight was lower than in bare soil by the middle of July. Sixty days after seedings, the length of main stems in weedy check plots was longer, but shoot dry weight was lower compared to weed free plot. In the correlation coefficients between weed dry weight and the shoot dry weight of peanut on July 14, the growth retardation of peanuts due to weeds was showed earlier under P.E. mulch than in bare soil. Shoot dry weight, shelling ratio, number of seeds per pod, 100 pod weight, and seed yield were higher under P.E, mulch compared to bare soil. But weed dry weight, length of branches, number of pod bearing branches, number of pods per square meters, and pod yield were similar between P.E. mulch and bare soil. Shoot dry weight of peanuts, length of branches, number of pod bearing branches, number of pods per square meters, pod yield, 100 pod weight, 100 seed weight, and seed yield in weed free plots from 28 days after seeding to harvest (28 DAS-Harvest) were higher compared to weed free plots from 42 DAS-Harvest. However, in the weed free plot from seeding to 42 days after seeding seed yield was lower than that of the continuous weeding plot due to lower number of pod bearing branches and number of pods per square meters. When weed was not controlled at the later growth stages of peanuts, reduction in seed yield due to weeds was greater in bare soil than that under P.E. mulch.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 1982

Environmental factors are known in general to influence much on the development of abscission layer and thereby on shedding of plant parts. The present study was carried out to determine the effect of meterological condition during ripening on the grain shatterability of rice plants at harvest. Different meteorological conditions were obtained by shifting transplanting timing of 40 days old rice seedlings 4 times with a 15 days-interval. Grain shatterability was measured as tensile strength of rice grains: it varied within a range of 214g. to 251g. in a practically non-shattering Japonica variety'Jinheung' and l27.5g. to 204g. in an easy shattering Indica \times Japonica progeny variety'Taeback'. In view of field loss of rice, the variation in tensile strength with time of transplanting and harvest did not matter in Jinheung, but was an important factor in Taeback. In Taeback the tensile strength was significantly correlated positively with mean, maximum and minimum air temperature and relative humidity during a certain period of grain ripening, especially during 30 days period before harvest, but diurnal range of air temperature showed a significant, negative correlation with it. The tensile strength seemed to be more closely related with min. air temperature than max. air temperature, and it was not significantly correlated with radiation amount during any period of pre-harvest. Meteorological effect on grain shatterability may vary with variety, but temperature regime during ripening appears to play major role among the meteorological factors in easy shattering and more thermophilic Indica \times Japonica varieties: lower the temperature, greater the shatterability.