• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 노후관망의 최적개량 계획수립을 위한 의사결정모형을 개발하였다. 각각의 관거에 대한 개량계획을 수립하는 기존에 개발된 다른 모형과 달리 노후화된 상수관망을 소구역으로 구분하여 각 소구역의 개량계획을 수립하였다. 개발된 모형에서는 최적개량 의사결정을 위해 개량비용(교체비용, 갱생비용, 유지보수비용), 개선이익(펌프운영비 감소이익, 누수 감소이익) 및 수리학적 타당성을 고려하였다. 화음탐색법을 최적화기법으로 적용하였으며 수리학적 타당성 검토를 위해 수리해석 모형인 EPANET을 연계하였다. 대구시의 실제 상수도관망에 개발된 모형을 적용하였으며, 매설기간과 관의 종류에 의존하는 기존 방법과 달리 관의 내구성, 통수능, 비용 등을 고려하는 최적개량의사결정 시스템으로 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제62권6호
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• pp.749-758
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• 2017

In structural mechanics, traditional analyses methods usually employ matrix operations for obtaining displacement and internal forces of the structure under the external effects, such as distributed loads, earthquake or wind excitations, and temperature changing inter alia. These matrices are derived from the well-known principle of mechanics called minimum potential energy. According to this principle, a system can be in the equilibrium state only in case when the total potential energy of system is minimum. A close examination of the expression of the well-known equilibrium condition for linear problems, $P=K{\Delta}$, where P is the load vector, K is the stiffness matrix and ${\Delta}$ is the displacement vector, it is seen that, basically this principle searches the displacement set (or deformed shape) for a system that minimizes the total potential energy of it. Instead of using mathematical operations used in the conventional methods, with a different formulation, meta-heuristic algorithms can also be used for solving this minimization problem by defining total potential energy as objective function and displacements as design variables. Based on this idea the technique called Total Potential Optimization using Meta-heuristic Algorithms (TPO/MA) is proposed. The method has been successfully applied for linear and non-linear analyses of trusses and truss-like structures, and the results have shown that the approach is much more successful than conventional methods, especially for analyses of non-linear systems. In this study, the application of TPO/MA, with Harmony Search as the selected meta-heuristic algorithm, to cables net system is presented. The results have shown that the method is robust, powerful and accurate.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.247-259
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• 2000

본 논문은 움직임 벡터의 높은 시$\cdot$공간 상관도 정보를 이용하여 계산량을 줄이면서 움직임 추정의 정확도를 높일 수 있는 새로운 블럭 정합 움직임 추정 방식을 제안한다. 제안된 방식은 기존의 고속 움직임 추정 방식들이 이용하는 탐색 영역내의 일관된 첫 번째 탐색 위치에서 움직임 벡터를 찾는 것이 아니라 움직임 벡터의 높은 시$\cdot$공간 상관도 정보를 이용하여 보다 정확한 탐색영역을 찾아 탐색 영역을 보정함으로써 보다 정확한 첫번째 탐색 위치를 중심으로 움직임 벡터를 탐색한다. 즉, 본 논문에서 제안하는 방식의 핵심은 움직임 추정의 정확도를 높이기 위해서 보다 정확한 첫번째 탐색 위치를 찾는 것이다. 따라서 움직임 벡터의 시간적인 상관성을 이용하기 위해서 현재 프레임 블럭과 같은 좌표를 갖는 이전 프레임 블럭의 방향성을 조사한다. 또한 공간적인 상관성을 이용하기 위해서 현재 프레임내의 이웃 블럭들의 방향성을 조사한다. 이러한 블럭들이 갖는 방향성을 바탕으로 움직임 추정을 위한 첫번째 탐색 위치를 결정하게 되고 그 위치를 중심으로 일정한 탐색 패턴에 따라 움직임 벡터를 탐색하는 방식이다. 실험 결과 제안된 방식은 기존의 대표적인 고속 탐색 방식들에 비해 PSNR (Peak-to-Signal Noise Ratio) 값에 있어서 평균적으로 1.7dB 개선되고 영상에 따라 최고 3.6dB 정도 우수한 결과를 나타낸다. 또한 탐색 횟수에서는 기존의 대표적인 고속탐색 알고리즘인 3단계 탐색 알고리즘 (Three-step search algorithm) 보다 평균 50% 이상을 줄일 수 있었고, 정확한 움직임 벡터를 찾는 비교에 있어서도 월등히 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 제안된 방식은 정량적인 결과뿐만 아니라 부호화 후 복호화한 영상의 화질에 있어서도 다른 고속 탐색 알고리즘 보다 월등히 우수한 화질을 제공한다. 및 상품과율 등이 모두 10:0 양액보다 높게 나타났다. 식물체내의 무기성분은 8:2의 경우 K+ 및 Mg2+는 잎에서 Ca2+은 뿌리에서 많았으며 PO4-은 과실과 줄기에서 많았다. 10:0에서의 무기성분도 8:2에서와 같은 경향을 나타내었으며, 배지간에 무기성분의 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 양액조성에 따른 무기성분 함량의 차이는 K+, Ca2+ 및 Mg2+는 10:0에서, PO4-은 8:2에서 각각 많았다.uage. The major language of calligraphy pattern was Arabic script and often Persian script. Calligraphy pattern was composed of Kufic and Cursive script. The cursive script was developed various forms. The Islamic tenet prohibit depiction of sacred images, the sacred Arabic calligraphy such as ′Alla′ or ′Mohammad′ was substituted of them. And the content of calligraphy pattern was used with Quranic phrases. The aesthetics of Islamic patterns analyzed aesthetic of ′rhythmic lines′, aesthetic of ′unity in multiplicity′, aesthetic of tessellation and aesthetic of harmony. On the textiles of the Islamic culture, the arabesque, floral, geometric and calligraphy patterns were frequently used.의 증가를 나타냈다.". And the

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.426-434
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• 2006

The impact of leakage was incorporated into the transfer functions of the complex head and discharge. The impedance transfer functions for the various leaking pipeline systems were also derived. Hydraulic transients could be efficiently analyzed by the developed method. The simulation of normalized pressure variation using the method of characteristics and the impulse response method shows good agreement to the condition of turbulent flow. The leak calibration could be performed by incorporation of the impulse response method with Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Harmony Search (HS). The objective functions for the leakage detection can be made using the pressure-head response at the valve, or the pressure-head or the flow response at a certain point of the pipeline located upstream from the valve. The proposed method is not constrained by the Courant number to control the numerical dissipation of the method of characteristics. The limitations associated with the discreteness of the pipeline system in the inverse transient analysis can be neglected in the proposed method.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.237-251
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• 2021

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of the proposed hybrid teaching-learning based optimization algorithm on the optimum design of reinforced concrete (RC) cantilever retaining walls. For this purpose, three different design examples are optimized with 100 independent runs considering continuous and discrete variables. In order to determine the algorithm performance, the optimization results were compared with the outcomes of the nine powerful meta-heuristic algorithms applied to this problem, previously: the big bang-big crunch (BB-BC), the biogeography based optimization (BBO), the flower pollination (FPA), the grey wolf optimization (GWO), the harmony search (HS), the particle swarm optimization (PSO), the teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO), the jaya (JA), and Rao-3 algorithms. Moreover, Rao-1 and Rao-2 algorithms are applied to this design problem for the first time. The objective function is defined as minimizing the total material and labor costs including concrete, steel, and formwork per unit length of the cantilever retaining walls subjected to the requirements of the American Concrete Institute (ACI 318-05). Furthermore, the effects of peak ground acceleration value on minimum total cost is investigated using various stem height, surcharge loads, and backfill slope angle. Finally, the most robust results were obtained by HTLBO with 50 populations. Consequently the optimization results show that, depending on the increase in PGA value, the optimum cost of RC cantilever retaining walls increases smoothly with the stem height but increases rapidly with the surcharge loads and backfill slope angle.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2021

Meta-heuristic algorithms have been developed to efficiently solve difficult problems and obtain a global optimal solution. A common feature mimics phenomenon occurring in nature and reliably improves the solution through repetition. And at the same time, the probability is used to deviate from the regional optimal solution and approach the global optimal solution. This study compares the algorithm created based on the above common points with existed SA and HS to show advantages in time and accuracy of results. Existing algorithms have problems of low accuracy, high memory, long runtime, and ignorance. In a two-variable polynomial, the existing algorithms show that the memory increases and the accuracy decrease. In order to improve the accuracy, the new algorithm increases the number of initial inputs and increases the efficiency of the search by introducing a direction using vectors. And, in order to solve the optimization problem, the results of the last experiment were learned to show the learning effect in the next experiment. The new algorithm found a solution in a short time under the experimental conditions of long iteration counts using a two-variable polynomial and showed high accuracy. And, it shows that the learning effect is effective in repeated experiments.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2013

The k-out-of-n system with mixed redundancy is defined as k-out-of-n system which both includes warm-standby and cold-standby components. In case that operating components in the system fail and the system needs quick transition of standby components to operation state, the k-out-of-n system with mixed redundancy is useful for decreasing system failure rate and operational cost. Reliability-Redundancy Optimization Problem (RROP) involves selection of components with multiple choices and redundancy levels for maximizing system reliability with constraints such as cost, weight, etc. A solution methodology by using harmony search algorithm for RROP of the k-out-of-n system with mixed redundancy to maximize system reliability was suggested in this study.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.388-393
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• 2010

문화콘텐츠기술(CT, Culture Technology)은 문화 산업 발전을 위한 기술로 문화콘텐츠 기획과 상품화, 미디어탑재, 전달의 가치사슬 과정 등 문화상품의 부가가치를 높이기 위해 소용되는 모든 형태의 유무형의 기술이다. 문화콘텐츠 기술(CT)분야에서 음악의 특징을 분석하여 다양한 어플리케이션을 개발하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이와 관련된 연구 중 EEG를 측정하고 그 결과에서 음악적 자극에 대한 반응을 검출하여 활용하는 연구가 주목받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 EEG에서 음악적 자극에 대응되는 반응신호들을 증폭시켜 평균화 하는 방법인 ERP(Event-Related Potentials) 실험을 기반으로 음색을 추출하는 과정에서 노이즈를 제거하기 위한 방법으로 ICA 알고리즘을 적용하여 음색 추출 및 노이즈 제거 결과에 따른 EEG의 특성을 분석하여 적용한다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2014

Flexible risers have been used extensively in recent years for floating and early production systems. Such risers offer the advantage of having inherent heave compliance in their catenary thereby greatly reducing the complexity of the riser-to-rig and riser-to subsea interfaces. Another advantage with flexible risers is their greater reliability. Concerns about fatigue life, gas permeation and pigging of lines have been overcome by extensive experience with these risers in production applications. In this paper, flexible riser analysis results were compared through coupled and uncoupled dynamic analyses methods. A time domain coupled analysis capability has been developed to model the dynamic responses of an integrated floating system incorporating the interactions between vessel, moorings and risers in a marine environment. For this study, SPM (Single Point Mooring) system for an FSU in shallow water was considered. This optimization model was integrated with a time-domain global motion analysis to assess both stability and design constraints of the flexible riser system.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.511-525
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• 2021

In the design of underground excavation, the shear strength (SS) is a key characteristic. It describes the way the rock material resists the shear stress-induced deformations. In general, the measurement of the parameters related to rock shear strength is done through laboratory experiments, which are costly, damaging, and time-consuming. Add to this the difficulty of preparing core samples of acceptable quality, particularly in case of highly weathered and fractured rock. This study applies rock index test to the indirect measurement of the SS parameters of shale. For this aim, two efficient artificial intelligence methods, namely (1) adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) implemented by subtractive clustering method (SCM) and (2) support vector regression (SVR) optimized by Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, are proposed. Note that, it is the first work that predicts the SS parameters of shale through ANFIS-SCM and SVR-HS hybrid models. In modeling processes of ANFIS-SCM and SVR-HS, the results obtained from the rock index tests were set as inputs, while the SS parameters were set as outputs. By reviewing the obtained results, it was found that both ANFIS-SCM and SVR-HS models can provide acceptable predictions for interlocking and friction angle parameters, however, ANFIS-SCM showed a better generalization capability.