• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2010

In this work, Ni-Co composites incorporated with nano-sized SiC particles in the range of 45-55 nm are prepared by electroplating. The effects of plating duration on the chemical composition, surface morphology, crystalline structures and hardness have been studied. The maximum hardness of Ni-Co-SiC composite coating is approximately 633 Hv at plating duration of 1 h. The hardness is gradually decreased with increasing plating duration, which can be attributed to the growth of crystalline size and the agglomerates of SiC nano-particles. It is therefore explained that the grain refinement of Ni-Co matrix and stable dispersion of SiC particles play an important role for strengthening, which indicate Hall-Petch relation and Orowan model were dominant for hardening of Ni-Co-SiC composite coatings.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.336-339
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• 2004

This paper presents an experimental investigation examining water-cement ratio effects on fiber-matrix interface properties and on matrix fracture properties, which are used for designing mix proportion suitable for achieving strain-hardening behavior at a composite level. A single fiber pullout test and a wedge splitting test were employed to measure the bond properties in a matrix and the fracture toughness of mortar matrix, respectively. Test results showed that the properties tended to increase with decreasing water-cement ratio. Composite design using these test results will be discussed in the follow-up paper.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.931-937
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• 2008

The rail/wheel rolling contact affects the microstructure in the surface layer of rail. Recently. continuum damage mechanics allows us to describe the microprocesses involved during the straining of materials and structures at the macroscale. Elastic and plastic strains. the corresponding hardening effects are generally accepted to be represented by global continuum variables. The purpose of continuum damage mechanics is to introduce the possibility of describing the coupling effects between damage processes and the stress-strain behavior of materials. In this study. the continuum damage mechanics caused by elastic deformation was briefly introduced and applied to the fatigue damage of the rails under the condition of cyclic loading. The material parameter for damage analysis was first determined so that it could reproduce the life span under the compressive loading in the vicinity of fatigue limit. Some numerical studies have been conducted to show the validity of the present computational mechanics analysis.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.456-459
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• 2005

Continuous cooling transformation behaviors were studied fur low carbon HSLA steels containing three different level $(1\~3\;wt\%)$ of Ni addition. Thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) simulations to construct continuous cooling (CCT) diagram were conducted by using Gleeble system. As cooling rate increased, pearlite, granular bainite, acicular ferrite, bainitic ferrite and lath martensite were transformed from deformed austenite. Fully bainitic microstructure were developed at all cooling rate condition in high Ni containing steel due to hardenability increasing effects of Ni. Ni also influenced the transformation kinetics. At the slowest cooling rate of $0.3^{\circ}C/s$, transformation delayed with decreasing Ni contents because of the diffusion of substitutional alloy elements. However, cooling rate slightly increased to $1^{\circ}C/s$, transformation kinetics accelerated with decreasing Ni contents because nucleation of bainite was sluggish due to hardening of residual austenite.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1995년도 추계학술발표회논문집(2)
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• pp.771-776
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• 1995

Tensile and J-R tests were carried out to estimate the effects of dynamic strain aging(DSA) on SA106Gr.C piping steel. Tensile tests were performed under temperature range RT to $400^{\circ}C$ md strain rates from $1.39{\times}10^{-4}\;to\;6.95{\times}10^{-2}/s$. Fracture toughness was tested in the temperature range RT to $350^{\circ}C$ and load-line displacement rates 0.4 and 4mm/min. The effects of DSA on the tensile properties were clearly observed for phenomena such serrated flow, variation of ultimate and yield stress, and negative stram rate sensitivity. However, the magnitude of serration and strength increase by DSA was relatively small. this may be due to high ratio of Mn to C. In addition, crack initiation resistance, Ji and crack growth resistance, dJ/da were reduced in the range of $200-300^{\circ}C$, where DSA appeared as serrated flow and UTS hardening. The temperature corresponding to minimum fracture resistance was shifted to higher temperature with increasing loading rate.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2020

The present paper explores forced vibrational properties of porosity-dependent functionally graded (FG) cylindrical nanoshells exposed to linear-type or triangular-type impulse load via classical shell theory (CST) and nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT). Employing such scale-dependent theory, two scale factors accounting for stiffness softening and hardening effects are incorporated in modeling of the nanoshell. Two sorts of porosity distributions called even and uneven have been taken into account. Governing equations obtained for porous nanoshell have been solved through inverse Laplace transforms technique to derive dynamical deflections. It is shown that transient responses of a nanoshell are affected by the form and position of impulse loading, amount of porosities, porosities dispensation, nonlocal and strain gradient factors.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.480-485
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• 2005

Sc has been known to be an very effective ppt-hardening element in Al and Al alloys and also to be effective in modification of eutectic Si in hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys. The modification mechanism of Sc is different from that of the traditional modifier Sr in Al-Si alloys. In the present study the effects of Sc on the primary and eutectic Si in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys were investigated with evaluating the microstructures with OM, EPMA and EBSD methods. The results represent that Sc has only a small effect on primary Si when added less than $0.8wt\%$. However, when Sc addition leading to the precipitation of metallic Sc within primary Si reaches $1.6wt\%$, very coarse primary Si occurs.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.525-542
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• 2022

In this work we present an advanced approach to the design of small wind turbine support steel structures. To this end we use an improved version of previously developed geometrically exact beam models. Namely, three different geometrically exact beam models are used, the first two are the Reissner and the Kirchhoff beam models implementing bi-linear hardening response and the third is the Reissner beam capable of also representing connections response. All models were validated in our previous research for a static response, and in this work they are extended to dynamic response. With these advanced models, we can perform analysis of four practical solutions for the installation of small wind turbines in new or existing buildings including effects of elastoplastic response to vibration problems. The numerical simulations confirm the robustness of numerical models in analyzing vibration problems and the crucial effects of elastoplastic response in avoiding resonance phenomena.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.373-387
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• 2022

In this paper,soil-structure interaction effects on the seismic response of multistory frame structure on raft foundation are numerically analyzed. The foundation soil profile is assumed to consists of a clay layer of variable thicknessresting on bedrock. Amodified plane-strain numerical model isformed in the software Plaxis, and both free vibration analysis, and earthquake analysis for a selected ground motion accelerogram are performed. The behavior of the structure is assumed to be linear elastic with Rayleigh viscous damping included. The behavior of the clay layer is modeled with a Hardening soil model with small strain stiffness. The computed results in terms of fundamental period and structural horizontal displacementsfor the case of fixed base and for different thicknesses of clay layer are presented, compared, and discussed.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.3-17
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• 1997

쐐기필터를 통과한 방사선은 잦아진 일차선의 스펙트럼과 일치하지 않는다. 4~10 MV 엑스선의 15~60$^{\circ}$ 쐐기조사면에 대한 선량계산에서 쐐기에 의한 엑스선의 경화효과의 적용과, 조사면계수의 보정의 필요성 여부를 확립하고, 쐐기필터의 투과율 측정조건을 확립하는 것이 이 연구의 목적이다. 4 MV(Clinae 4/100, Varian), 6 MV(Clinae 6/100 와 Clinae 2100C, Varian), 10 MV(Clinae 2100C, Varian) 엑스선의 민조사면과 15, 30, 45, 60$^{\circ}$의 쐐기조사면의 깊이선량분포를 이온함으로 물에서 깊이 30 cm까지 측정하였다. 측정된 깊이선량율을 이용하여 광자선경화 계수를 계산하였다. 쐐기필터의 조사면계수와 투과율은 최대선량점 깊이(d$_{max}$)에서 측정하였다. 4MV 엑스선과 6MV 엑스선의 쐐기각과 쐐기조사면의 크기, d$_{max}$ 보다 갚은 곳에서 깊이에 관계없이 광자선경화계수는 1보다 컸으며, 쐐기각과 깊이에 따라 증가하는 추세를 보였으나 조사면크기에는 거의 무관하였다. 조사면크기 l0$\times$10$\textrm{cm}^2$에 대해 15cm 깊이에서 4MV 엑스선의 광자선경화계수는 15, 30, 45, 60$^{\circ}$ 쐐기각에 대하여 각각 1.010, 1.014, 1.023, 1.034 이였으며, Clinae 6/100 의 6MV 엑스선의 경우는 각 쐐기각에 대하여 1.005, 1.008, 1.019, 1.024, Clinae 2100C 의 6MV 엑스선의 경우는 각각 1.011, 1.021, 1.032, 1.036, 10MV 엑스선의 경우는 각각 1.008, 1.012, 1.012, 1.012였다. 10MV 엑스선의 경우는 광자선경화 계수가 1.2% 이내로 1이었다. 6MV 엑스선의 경우 광자선경화계수는 치료기의 영향도 있음이 밝혀졌다. 광자선경화계수와 깊이는 선형관계였다. d$_{max}$에서 쐐기필터에 대한 출력계수는 민조사면에 대한 값과 비교해서 15$\times$15a14$\textrm{cm}^2$ 크기의 조사면을 제외하고는 거의 일치하였으며, 최대 차이는 4MV 엑스선에 대한 것으로서 1.4%였다. 쐐기투과율을 정할 때 측정하는 위치의 깊이가 d$_{max}$인 경우는 조사면크기에 대한 의존성을 무시할 수 있지만 다른 깊이에서는 그렇지 않다. 4~6MV 광자선의 쐐기조사면에 대한 선량분포나 MU계산에서 광자선경화계수가 고려되어야 할 것이다. 그러나 10MV 엑스선의 경우는 무시해도 될 것이다. 쐐기 투과율을 정하는 위치가 d$_{max}$ 나 공기중이라면 민조사변에 대한 출력계수를 적용할 수 있지만 다른 깊이에서는 쐐기필터 각각에 대한 출력계수를 또는 조사면크기에 따른 쐐기투과율을 적용해야 할 것이다.