• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.236-245
• /
• 1999

Andong Soju is a Korean traditional distilled liquor brewed with Nuruk which is cultured with wild microorganisms. To provide useful information for scientific production and systematic quality control of traditional distilled liquor, the effects of mixed culture of the alcoholic yeasts and saccharifying molds isolated from the Nuruk, and mashes on the flavor and sensory characteristics were investigated. Distillate from mashes cocultured with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hansenula anomala using Mucor Nuruk was compared with distillate from mashes brewed with Andong Nuruk and with distillate from plant fermented mashes to analyze their flavor characteristics. The volatile flavor compounds in distillates were analyzed by GC and GC-MS using direct injection, solvent extraction, and purge & trap methods. Alcohols such as 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, 1-propanol, and 2-phenyl ethanol; aldehydes such as acetaldehyde and 2-furancar-boxaldehyde; esters such as ethyl ester of acetic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid; alkanes, alkenes, ketone, sulfur, and pyrone compounds were detected. Alcohols were chief components of flavor compounds. No significant difference in overall acceptability test was shown among three experimental groups(p<0.05), but Nuruk-like aroma, Kaoliangchiew-like aroma, sweet taste, and well rounded mouthfeel showed significant differences among them(p<0.05).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 1999

An extremely cadmium-tolerant budding yeast, Hansenula anomala B-7 underwent a morphological switch in response to either heat shock treatment or cadmium stress, respectively. It exhibited a morphological transition from a unicellular yeast form to a pseudohyphae-like coagulation when subjected to prolonged heat shock treatment. In contrast, the yeast cells showed an irregularity in surface morphology when given thermal stress for a short time. Patterns of proteins expressed in the pseudohyphae-like cells demonstrated that several proteins were overexpressed while others were underexpressed in comparison with those prepared from the cells in the yeast form. It was a striking feature, however, that nearly 40％ of the proteins extracted from the cells in the pseudohyphae form appeared to be composed of a single polypeptide. This polypeptide was apparently overexpressed during the pseudohyphae phase and its molecular weight was estimated to be 58 kDa according to SDS-PAGE analysis. However, a significant level of the protein was not observed in the cells before transition to pseudohyphae. The architecture of the cell shape was also damaged when incubated in a medium containing more than 1,000 ppm (8.9mM) of cadmium ions, although able to proliferate at a slow rate. However, the irregularity in the cell morphology exerted either by the brief heat shock treatment or by the cadmium stress with the high concentrations of the metal ions was not repaired, even though the damaged cells were allowed to grow for sufficient time in fresh, cadmium-free medium.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 1988

전분이용성 세포융합 효모를 이용하여 단세포단백질 생산을 위한 기초실험을 행하였다. 전분배지에서 균체생성이 우수한 fusant12 균주의 배양조건은 최적질소원 (NH$_4$)$_2$SO$_4$ 0.1%, 최적 soluble starch 농도 7%, 최적 초기pH5.6이었다. Fusant12균체의 자기소화에 의한 가용성 단백질의 추출은 효모현탁액에 ethyl acetate를 5%(v/ v)되게 첨가하여 30min간 액화전처리과정을 행하므로 효과적으로 얻을 수 있었다. 전분이용성 효모인 fusant 12균주와 비전분이용성 효모인 Torulopsis candida의 혼합배양으로 균체생성량을 증가시킬 수 있었으며, 혼합배양시 종균접종혼합비는 6대4일 때 효과적이었다. Fusant 12균주 단독 및 Torulopsis candida와의 혼합배양시 tapioca 배지에서의 균체생성량은 soluble starch 배지에서 보다 약 2.5배 증가하였다. 건조균체의 조단백질함량은 39%, 핵산함량은 5.8%이고 균체단백질은 FAO 표준단백질과 비교하여 필수아미노산중 methionine 함량이 낮으며, Iysine 함량은 높았다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.268-273
• /
• 1996

An extremely cadmium tolerant yeast, Hansenula anomala B-7 used to determine the modification of the intracellular enzyme activities by cadmium ion. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and cytidine deaminase were decreased up to 90%, 40%, and 86% compa- red with the control by 1 mM cadmium nitrate respectively, but the activities of malate dehydrogenase, 6- phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, and alkaline phosphatase were increased up to 440%, 136%, 260% and 155% compared with the control by 1 mM cadmium nitrate respectively. These results show that the activities of the enzymes participating in Embden-Mayerhof pathway (e.g. anaerobic metabolism) were reduced by cadmium, but those involved in hexose monophosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle (e.g. aerobic metabolism) were stimulated in contrast. It has been suggested that the diminished activity of cytidine deaminase in pyrimidine nucleotide dissimilation occured due to the inhibited nucleotide dissimilation by cadmium ion; the enhanced activity of cytochrome c oxidase was specifically required in order to oxidize a raised amount of NADH and NADPH due to the increased aerobic metabolism.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.232-238
• /
• 1998

To developed natural food preservatives, ethanol and water extracts were prepared from the defatted camellia(Camellia japonica L.) seeds. Antimicrobial activities were examined against 14 microorganisms which were food borne pathogens and/or food poisoning microorganisms and food-related bacteria and yeasts. Ethanol extract showed antimicrobial activities against several microorganisms tested, but not on lactic acid bactria. Especially, minimum inhibitory concentrations(MIC) for yeasts were as low as 1mg/ml. Water extract exhibited antimicrobial activities for the yeasts tested, but almost bacteria were not observed. The ethanol extract was fractionated in the order of hexane, chloroform, ethylaetate and butanol fractions to test antimicrobial activity. The strongest activity for the tested yeasts were found in the butanol fractions, but bacteria were chloroform fraction. Hansenula anomala treated with ethanol were observed by scanning electron micrograph, and the results exhibited morphological changes, including the irregularly contracted cell surface and expanded ellipsoidal shape.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제14권6호
• /
• pp.666-668
• /
• 1993

A microbial BOD sensor using immobilized Hansenula anomala was prepared for the estimation of BOD. The sensor voltage was increased with time and increasing concentration of GGA when it was inserted in a sample solution. A linear relationship was obtained with a correlation coefficient, 0.998 between the concentration of standard GGA solutions and dV/dt by using the initial change of voltage, in which the response time was 20 min. It could be concluded that the oxidation of GGA conformed to a first-order kinetics. Therefore, the good linearities were also observed at various times. This sensor showed the best linearity at 30 min.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 2010

본 논문은 한국인삼의 추출물 제조 시 부수적으로 생산되는 유출액에 의한 환경오염을 방지하고 나아가 이들로부터 고부가가치의 생리활성물질을 유출액에서 생육이 우수한 균류로부터 생산한 논문이다. 유출액에서 생육이 좋았던 Hansenula anomala KCCM 11473으로부터 5'-ribonucleotide 생산 최적 조건은 세포현탁액의 pH를 5.0으로 하고 $55^{\circ}C$에서 24시간 자기소화 시키는 조건이다. 또한 생육이 좋았던 Saccharomyces cerevisiae는 유출액 배지에서 배양 중 약리 성분이 Ginsenoside-Rg3를 고형물 1 g당 0.033 mg을 생성하였다. Mucor miehei KCTC 6011을 유출액에 접종하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 84시간 배양했을 때 균체 건물 g당 120 mg의 키토산을 생성하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.123-134
• /
• 1975

야생효모균을 이용한 기효사요의 제조 및 사양시험에서 균체와 각종효소를 이용할 목적으로 자연계로부터 효모구 96균주를 분이한 것 중에서 5균주를 선정하여 액체배양한 것을 탈지강, 대맥양소맥면 및 톱밥 등을 혼합한(A, B, C, D및 E)것을 발효사요를 만들어 사양한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 발효사요 제조에 이용한 난주는 5주로 Strain No. 225 Hansenula anomala var. anomala, No. 400 Candide pelliculosa, No. 416-C Debaryomyces hansenii 및 No. 403-A Irpex lacteus등이다. 2. 선정균주의 액체배양조건은 Strain No. 225, 400, 405, 416-C 및403-A의 생육최적 pH 5.0~5.5이고 최적당도는 Bllg. $10^{\circ}$였다. 또한 A) Strain No. 225, 400, 및 403-A와 C) Strain No. 225, 405 및 403-A생육온도는 35$^{\circ}C$, 3) Strain No. 225, 400, 416-C의 최적온도는 3$0^{\circ}C$였다. Strain No. 225, 400, 405, 416-C는 최고 35$^{\circ}C$ 이상과 No. 403-A는 최고 4$0^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서도 생육이 되었다. 3. Strain No. 225와 403-A는 골세포가 크며, Strain No. 225와 405는 당의 발효능이 강하고 Strain No. 225, 400, 405 및 416-C 는 Cellobiose를 Strain No. 225, 400 및 416-C등은 xylose와 soluble starch등을 동화하였다. 그러나 Strain No. 416-C만은 Inulin Strain No. 223, 400. 405 및 402-A등은 질산염 (KNO$_2$, KNO$_3$등)을 동화하는 균예이다. 4. Strain No. 403-A는 효모수사균으로cellulase를 분필하는 균수로 식물성장기유이기 때문에 다른 효모균의 증식을 도와 원요중에 효소를 생성하였다. 5. 발언사요 제조에 이용한 혼합거의 배합비는 A) 배합사료, B)탈지당 및 대맥당(1:1), C) 탈지당 및 소맥당(1:1) D) 탈지당, 소맥당 및 대맥당(1:1:1), 그리고 E) 탈지당, 소맥당 및 톱밥(1:1:1)등을 사용하였다. 6. 효모균 발효사료는 혼합강류(A,B,C,D및 E등)의 원료배합으로 양호하였으며 황산암모니움을 0.3% 첨가하여 수분양은 60~70% 배양온도는 25~3$0^{\circ}C$에서 유지시켰다. 혼합강류에 균주의 접종은 각각 전배양한 A) Strain No. 225, 400, 403-A, B) Strain No. 225, 400, 416-C, C) Strain No. 400, 405, 403-A 그리고 D)와 E)의 균주들은 A), C)와 같다. 전배양액에 4% glucose 용액을 3배양첨가 희석 부하고 원료중량 5%(w/w)되게 접종하여 공처기간은 2~3일간이 최적조건이었다. 7. 혼합강류로 만든 발효사료 중 단백질 증가율은 A) 배합사료는 4.46%, B) 탈지당 및 소맥당(1:1)을 2.81% C) 탈지당 및 소맥당(1:1)는 6.12% D) 탈지당, 소맥당 및 대맥당(1:1:1)은 2.51% 그러고 E) 탈지당, 소맥당 톱밥(1:1:1)은 2.55%였다. 8. 발효사료로서 배양시험은 담염동물로서 육계전용종(Starcros; male) 180수와 말발효사가는 탈지당 및 소맥당(1:1)로 혼합한 사로와 야생효모균주(C)로 발효시킨 사요간의 가치를 비교하여 첨가수준(20%, 15% 및 10%)에 의한 효과를 구명하기 위하여 8주간 실시하였다. 9. 미발효구 A-a구에서 개시할 때 체중 35.67g였든 것이 8주시 종료시는 622.7g로 총증체양 587.03g로 일당 10.47g인데 반하여 발효구인 B-a구에서는 총증용양 845.13g로 일당증체양 15.08g였다. 10. 시험기간 중 섭취량에 있어서도 발효구 미발효구에 비하여 양호하였고 출가수출간에도 차이가 있었는데 10%구 2.552g>15%구 2.559g>20%구 2.223g 순위였다. 미발효 20% 첨가구인 A-a구가 지구에 비하여 증체풍과 사요섭취량이 떨어진 것은 의 배합에 기인하는 것으로 생각되며 같은 수준의 발효사료를 배합한 B-a구가 타구에 비해서 생육성적이 좋은 것은 발효로 인한 기호성의 향상에 기인한 것으로 생각된다. 11. 폐사율은 A-a구에서 4주이상 2전가 폐사하였고 타구에서는 전혀 없었다 이상과 같은 결과로 보아 본 연구에서 야생효모근 3균주를 혼합광유에 정종배양하여 제조한 발효사료는 균예성분의 이용으로 균용도 생물과 같이 각종 영양소로 될 것이다. 효모가 생성하는 체소이외의 생성물의 이용 등을 들수있어 소화작용에 대한 보조적인 역할이 될 것이며 다량으로 배양하면 값이 싸고, 영양가치가 높은 발효사료의 체조 및 사양이 가능하다고 본다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.104-113
• /
• 1996

Cadmium uptake by growing and nongrowing (intact) cells of a chdmium-tolerant yeast Hansenula anomala B-7 in the presence of surfactants was studied. In growing cultures the addition of Triton X-100 or Tween 80 increased cadmium uptake by about 30% with no inhibition of cell growth, and in intact cells Triton X-100 increased cadmium accumulation by about 80% compared to surfactant-free controls. Considering balance between increased uptake and pollution, the addition of 0.1% Triton X-100 was preferable. By the mixed addition with defoamer silicone, during growth of cells Tween 80 or Triton X-100 enhanced uptake efficiency of cadmium compared to its single addition, whereas in intact biomass each of surfactants tested had no significant effect on cadmium uptake. The uptake of cadmium was observed to rise sharply to a maximum and then declined with increasing pH, and maximum accumulation of cadmium by growing and intact cells occurred at the pH of 6.0 and 7.0, respectively. A significant increase in cadmium uptake occurred with shaking culture. Cadmium uptake by growing and intact cells was almost completed during the culture time of 72 or 24 hrs, respectively. Scalded cells sorbed much more cadmium-ion than living cells.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.415-421
• /
• 1989

Ten strains out of about 1,000 yeast strains isolated from byproducts of alcoholic industries, milk products, fruits, greens, food-related industries and soils of nature, revealed the killer activities. Two strains which have excellent killer activities among them were isolated and identified with Saccharomyces cerevisiae B 15-1 and Hansenula anomala Y 33 by investigation of the morphological, cultural and physiological properties. The optimal conditions on these strains for the production of killer toxin were investigated. The strain B 15-1 showed the highest killer toxin activities when it was cultured up to the log phase of 48 hr in YPD medium (pH 4.7) at $25^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, the strain Y33 revealed the highest activities when it was cultured up to the stationary phase of 60 hr in YPD medium (pH 4.0) at $20^{\circ}C$. The sensitive strain Kyokai 7 was found to be killed entirely by the killer toxin produced from the wild killer yeast B 15-1 when B 15-1 was cocultured with the same cell concentration ($10^{6}$ cells/ml) of Kyokai 7 after cultivation of 36 hr, and with large concentration ($9\times 10^{7}$ cells/ml) after 48 hr.