• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1133-1140
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to determine the most efficient method of removing sulfur dioxide from traditional herbal medicine (hanyak) by slow boiling using a traditional pipkin and an electronic slow boiler. By boiling a hanyak batch containing] 56.4ppm of sulfur dioxide for one hour using a traditional pipkin, 96.7 percent of the sulfur dioxide was removed, while two hours of slow boiling removed ]00 percent. Among different cover materials placed over the pipkin during the slow boiling process including the traditional Korean paper (hanji), regular hanji, filter paper and regular paper, the traditional hanji produced the best performance of sulfur dioxide removal. The initial pH level of the traditional hanji was] 0.03. After one hour of slow boiling hanyak batches in a traditional pipkin covered with traditional hanji, where each batch contained sulfur dioxide of 48ppm, 193ppm, 753ppm and 1,506ppm respectively, the pH level of the hanji cover material was reduced to 9.37, 9.14, 8.9 and 8.03 in respective cases. Our experiment using an electronic medicine slow boiler showed 82.8 percent removal of sulfur dioxide after one hour of slow boiling a hanyak batch containing 753ppm of sulfur dioxide. When hanyak batches were boiled by placing traditional hanji, filter paper, active carbon and hardwood charcoal separately in the middle area within the electronic slow boiler, the sulfur dioxide removal rate was 73.6 percent, 72.8 percent, 73.9 percent and 69.5 percent, respectively. When charcoal was added so as to remove toxic materials from the hanyak, its presence impeded the sulfur dioxide flow and thus reduced the removal efficiency contrary to our anticipation.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2011

Jeonji technique was widely used in general Hanji handicraft including Jihwa handicraft. But the technique itself has not been passed on. By contrast, Jiseung technique and Jiho technique have been passed on and continuously developed. And although the Huji technique has not been transmitted, it should be vigorously used as a technique of producing the frame in order to revive the authenticity of traditional Hanji handicraft. Jumchi technique, a method of using water to connect between layers, is an effective technique of diversely expressing the feel of materials of Hanji craftworks. Modern Hanji handicraft has used the characteristics of paper and paperboard diversely produced nowadays as much as possible, which shows that it is more likely to develop as handicraft.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.80-90
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional properties of natural dyed Hanji for cultural properties conservation and storage. To estimate functional properties of Hanji, antimicrobial, insect repellent test, and Oddy test were executed. Hanji dyed with 10% Golden thread (Coptis chinensis), a natural dye and silver nitrate mordanting showed the most excellent antifungal activities against A. niger, P. chrysogenum, and Trichoderma sp. before and after aging. The insects repellent test followed didn't indicate significant effects on treated Hanji against Lasioderma serricorne, Sitophilus zeamais, and Tribolium castaneum. According to Oddy test result, Hanji dyed with Golden thread and silver nitrate caused no significant corrosions on copper, silver, and lead after aging 28 days.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.15-21
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the making method and properties of Hanji(Korean traditional paper) for wallpaper for the purpose of mass production and mass consumption of Hanji. Paper mulberry fiber was longer than wood fiber in length and it had also much extractives and ash in content. Bast fiber was a little damaged in the fibrilation and beating process because it was weak in flexibility and compressive properties. Proper conditions for making two-ply and three-ply Hanji were examined and six kinds of Hanji were made on the basis of the three-ply paper making method. The sample OH(Original Hanji) 2-2 and OH 3-2 among them obtained good results in quality test by appearance from wallpaper makers.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.406-413
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the natural dyeing characteristics of Korean traditional hand-made paper (Hanji). The Hanji was dyed black with extractive of gallnut (Rbusjavanica L), leaves of Amur maple (Acer ginnala), nutshell of chestnut (Castania crenata), and persimmon juice and Chinese ink. And moreover, the Hanji was dyed not only using single and combination of dyestuff but also changing mordants and mordanting procedure. And we estimated the relationship between dyeing characteristics and dyestuff concentration (o.w.f.). The gallnut was the most principal material dyeing black. The procedure of mordanting from copper acetate to Iron (II) chloride and dyeing from gallnut to Amur maple dyestuffs were the best dyeing method for the Hanji to black. The K/S value of dyed Hanji increased with increasing concentration of dyestuff.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2010

The Hanji dyed with persimmon juice were useful goods in the past, but they are not widely used nowadays despite of their many strong points such as antibacterial and water-resistant properties. The object of this study is to provide useful data for developing new products by using them. We dyed traditional Korean hand-made papers (Hanji) with colorants extracted from fruits of Diospyros kaki and investigated the effect of various dyeing factors (mordant, mordanting method, pH of dyeing solution, light exposure time etc.) on optical and mechanical properties of the dyed Hanji. Changing mordant affected the color of dyed Hanji. The dyed Hanji after-mordanted with Cu mordant had the highest K/S value and showed the deepest yellow and red shade. The best mordanting method was an after-mordanting. The K/S value of dyed Hanji increased with decreasing pH of dyeing solution. The tensile index and size degree values of the Hanji were increased after dyeing.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.43-56
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• 2008

The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate the material stability of the paper of the annals of Joseon Dynasty for the conservation purpose and the categories were as listed below : 1. Procuring traditional Hanji and semi-Hanji from different regional hanji paper mill. 2. Artificial accelerated aging treatment to examination its stability (UV irradiation, dry heat) 3. Analysis of optical, physical characteristic. The suitable Hanji for categories would be used as a reconstruction material for the waxel paper in the papers of the annals of Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.4 no.1 s.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the papermaking characteristics for New Hanji (Korean Paper) products from paper mulberries by new pulping processes. So far wood ash extractives or NaOH only have been used for cooking chemicals at the atmospheric condition. Also bast fibers only have been used as raw materials for Hanji, In this study, as the alternatives to the conventional cooking, alkali, alkali-peroxide and sulfomethylated cookings were applied at the pressurized condition for Hanji pulping, Also bast fibers, woody parts and whole woods are attempting for being utilize as new raw materials for special Hanji. Anatomical and chemical properties of 3 paper mulberry species and their pulping characteristics were analyzed.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.67-73
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• 1993

This study was attempted to develop the Special Sheet Former for Hanji (Korean Traditional Paper), which could be easily used anyone who has no any special skill, and to evaluate its sheet forming characteristics. The sheet former for Hanji was designed, manufactured and tested its sheet forming features. This former was resulted in superior even basis weights and good formation of sheets without any special technological experiences, but poor consolidation according to the difficulty of web pressing during dewatering process. Sulfomethylated pulping resulted in the superior pulp with high yield and better quality compared to those of alkali and alkali-peroxide pulps. Since the pulp was so bright, there was almost no need additional bleaching.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1286-1296
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• 2007

Hanji, the korean traditional papers were mostly made from mulberry paper. But the production and demand of hanji have decreased rapidly because mulberry paper yields were insufficient and handworked hanji procedures were complicated. Recently, the researches on hanji were carried out to improve the properties of hanji. Kenaf fibers have been interested as a substitute resource of mulberry paper for hanji production. In this research, Kenai pulps were manufactured with removal methods of lignin or hemicellulose from kenaf fibers and paper mulberry pulps with traditional alkali methods. Kenaf papers, paper mulberry, and kenaf/paper mulberry mixed papers were manufactured with their pulps. The crystallinity, fiber length, color of the pulps and tensile strength, tear strength, water absorption of the papers were investigated. The results were as follow: The removal rates of lignin of chemical retted kenaf fibers with sodium chlorite reaction for 40 minutes were 70% and were higher than 40% of double retted fibers. Paper mulberry pulps has less lignin and hemicellulose than kenaf differently. The crystallinity of paper mulberry pulps were very low with 60%, but kenaf pulps were 90%. The chemical retted CR-40-1 pulps were similar with paper mulberry pulps on fiber length & fibrilation of fibers. Tensile strength of paper mulberry were higher than kenaf papers because of fibrilation of paper mulberry, but tear strength were lower. Tensile strength and tear strength were improved on kenaf/paper mulberry 30/70 mixed papers.