• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Recently that require digital signatures handwritten for personal use customer information and agree to the Terms of Service agreement or a general sign up. Signature system including an existing handwritten signature are a problem, which may be a platform-dependent, as well as the environment in which to perform the signature vary according to device Status of presence because it is being utilized is implemented on the service platform itself within each company. In this paper, we designed and implemented an integrated system handwritten signature as possible using a cross-browser way to store the handwritten two-dimensional coordinates based on the jQuery it is interspecific directly integrated browser environment. iOS, Android, was tested in an integrated web browser in heterogeneous environments, including PC, it was confirmed that all handwritten signature function is working properly.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.103-112
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• 2004

This paper suggests the way to realize smart card security system by using handwritten signature instead of a password which is traditionally used for user authentication. Because of the familiarity of signature we don't need to try to remember the password and signature is difficult to be used by guess or illegal forced situation. The feature data of handwritten signature is large, so we designed COS which is consist of special commands for processing user's handwritten signature data, user authentication, and basic commands based on ISO 7816-3. Also protocol among user, smart card terminal and DB server is designed. In registration process, the feature data of user signature is saved in both a DB server and a smart card. User authentication is processed by comparing the user signature and the saved feature data in a smart card and in a DB server. And the authentication result and hash value of signature data in DB server are transferred to smart card. During this process the authentication between DB server and user is finished. The proposed security system has more higher level of security in user authentication of smart card and it will Provide safer and more convenient security services.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1642-1653
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• 1996

This paper covers feature extraction for automatic handwritten signature verification. Several major feature selection techniques are investigated from a practical perspective to realise an optimal signature verification system, and customised feature set selection based on set-on-set distance measurement is presented. The experimental results have proved the proposed methods to be efficient, offering considerably improved verification performance compared to conventional methods. Also, they dramatically reduce the processing complexity in the verification system.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2006

China has recently (28 August 2004) adopted a new act legalizing the electronic signature. This new act provides electronic signatures with the same legal status as handwritten signatures, and states that on-line certification providers will have to be created in order to ensure the security of on-line operations made using said signatures. This new act is intended to increase Chinese electronic business, and thus to raise the revenue China can expect from said business. And the law grants electronic signatures the same legal effect as handwritten signatures and seals in business transactions, and sets up the market access system for online certification providers to ensure the security of e-commerce. As Internet trade requires a reliable third party to identify the signers, the credibility of online certifying organizations is significant for the transaction security. So, considering the weakness of China's social credibility system, the law regulates that the online signatures certification providers should be approved and administered by governments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.33-40
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• 1995

This paper delas with the detection of freehand forgeries of signatures based on the averaged directional amplitudes of gradient vetor which are related to the overall shape of the handwritten signature and fuzzy ARTMAP neural network classifier. In the first step, signature images are extracted from the background by a process involving noise reduction and automatic thresholding. Next, twelve directional amplitudes of gradient vector for each pixel on the signature line are measure and averaged through the entire signature image. With these twelve averaged directional gradient amplitudes, the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network is trained and tested for the detection of freehand forgeries of singatures. The experimental results show that the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network cna lcassify a signature whether genuine or forged with greater than 95% overall accuracy.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.138-146
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• 2015

This paper presents a new non-constraining online optical handwritten signature reconstruction system that, in the main, makes use of a transparent glass pad placed in front of a color camera. The reconstruction approach allows efficient exploitation of hand activity during a signing process; thus, the system as a whole can be seen as a viable alternative to other similar acquisition tools. This proposed system allows people with physical or emotional problems to carry out their own signatures without having to use a pen or sophisticated acquisition system. Moreover, the developed reconstruction signature algorithms have low computational complexity and are therefore well suited for a hardware implementation on a dedicated smart system.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1009-1015
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• 2009

Handwriting verification is a technique of distinguishing the same person's handwriting specimen from imitations with any two or more texts using one's handwriting individuality. This paper suggests an effective verification method for the handwritten signature or text on the off-line environment using pattern recognition technology. The core processes of the method which has been researched in this paper are extraction of letter area, extraction of features employing structural characteristics of handwritten text, feature analysis employing DTW(Dynamic Time Warping) algorithm and PCA(Principal Component Analysis). The experimental results show a superior performance of the suggested method.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11d
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• pp.215-218
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• 2000

This paper describes a new algorithm for segmenting continuous handwritten signatures sampled by a digitizer. Signatures are segmented by three procedures. The first step is to calculate the pen tip speed. Then the Gabor wavelet is carried out on the acquired data from the first step. Finally, the local minima of the filtered output are selected as segmentation points of the signature. The proposed method is experimented with numerous signatures with various length and complexity.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.47
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• pp.213-237
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to analysis the legal aspects of e-commerce, particularly those relate to electronic contract, in China On 23 November 2005, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, known popularly as the Electronic Communications Convention. China signed it but the convention is not binding yet as it still requires the ratification by three states. On the other hand, China adopted a new act legalizing the electronic signature in 2004. This new act provides electronic signatures with the same legal status as handwritten signatures. But the efficiencies that business hopes to achieve through electronic commerce are not completely reflected in the legal processes necessary to support those hopes.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.105-123
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• 2006

Electronic Promissory Note started to reducing complexity in paper Promissory Note. In Recent the electronic documents and signature have the same validity as per documents and handwritten signatures. The movement of dematerializing promissory note is becoming common, and the National Assembly proposed Electronic Promissory Note Act of 2001 which is now being discussed in Korea. Especially the Electronic Credits is now becoming the most important means for payment of the business procurement both in on-line commerce and off-line commerce. Electronic Promissory Note has the same legal effect as the promissory note except that the Act provides to the Electronic Promissory Note specially.