• 대한약침학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.19-45
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to analyse the effects of Sweet Bee Venom(Sweet BV-pure melittin, the major component of honey bee venom) on the central nervous system in rats. Methods: All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech Company, a non-clinical studies authorized institution, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). Male rats of 5 weeks old were chosen for this study and after confirming condition of rats was stable, Sweet BV was administered in thigh muscle of rats. And checked the effects of Sweet BV on the central nervous system using the functional observational battery (FOB), which is a neuro-toxicity screening assay composed of 30 descriptive, scalar, binary, and continuous endpoints. And home cage observations, home cage removal and handling, open field activity, sensorimotor reflex test/physiological measurements were conducted. Results: 1. In the home cage observation, there was not observed any abnormal signs in rats. 2. In the observation of open field activity, the reduction of number of unit areas crossed and rearing count was observed caused by Sweet BV treatment. 3. In the observation of handling reactivity, there was not observed any abnormal signs in rats. 4. In the observation of sensorimotor reflex tests/physiological measurements, there was not observed any neurotoxic signs in rats. 5. In the measurement of rectal temperature, treatment of Sweet BV did not showed great influences in the body temperature of rats. Conclusions: Above findings suggest that Sweet BV is relatively safe treatment in the central nervous system. But in the using of over dose, Sweet BV may the cause of local pain and disturbance of movement. Further studies on the subject should be conducted to yield more concrete evidences.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.241-248
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• 2015

This study was aimed to investigate factors that affected the status of wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) for handling poultry carcasses with potential exposure to virulent avian infectious agents. A large outbreak of high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) occurred in South Korea in 2014. Many public officers participated for euthanizing and handling livestock carcass. However, several safety issues with using PPE were revealed. Therefore, a questionnaire survey was conducted for 340 people who participated euthanasia and carcass disposal in the place where HPAI mainly occurred in 2014. It was found that 31.8% of the respondents had ever taken off their protective equipment during operations because of its inconvenience. The most inconvenient PPE was goggles (54.6%), followed by mask (20.2%), latex gloves (11.6%), shoe covers (5.9%) and protective clothing (5.3%). The main complaints about this individual PPE was unclear sight, damp emitted toward eye, sweating, tearing easily and sweating, respectively. Considering such problems of PPE, new possible directions for improvement of gloves and goggles were suggested. With newly developed rubber coating fabric gloves and conventionally using latex and fabric gloves, H3N2 influenza virus transmission experiment was conducted. Rubber coating fabric gloves showed similar efficiency for blocking virus transmission with latex laboratory gloves and were not easily torn by sharp claws of chicken. In addition, air flow control safety eyewear was suggested to minimize moisture formation. The air flow control system efficiently suppressed moisture formation inside the goggles. Therefore our study will provide more specific directions about new PPE development for safety protection of actual wearers.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2001

Impact between fruits and other materials is a major cause of product damage in harvesting and handling systems. The oriental pears are more susceptible to bruising than other fruits such as European pears and apples, and are required more careful handling. The interest in the handling of the pears for the processing systems has raised the question of the allowable drop height to which pears can be dropped without causing objectionable damage. Drop tests on pears were conducted using an impact device developed by authors to estimate the allowable drop height without bruising. The impact device was constructed to hold in a selected orientation and to release a fruit by vacuum for dropping on to a force transducer. The drop height was adjustable for zero to 60 cm to achieve the desired distance between the bottom of the fruits and the top of the impact force transducer. The transducer was secured to 150 kg$\sub$f/ concrete block. The transducer signal was sampled every 0.17 ms with a strain gage measurement board in the micro computer where it was digitaly stored for later analysis. The selected sample fruit was Niitaka cultivar of pears which is one of the most promising fruit for export in Korea. The pears were harvested during the 1998 harvest season from an orchard in Daejeon. The sample fruit was selected from two groups which were stored for 3 months and 5 months respectively by the method of current commercial practice. The pears were allowed to stabilize at environmental condition(18$^{\circ}C$, 65% rh) of the experimental room. One hundred fifty six pears were tested from the heights of 5, 7.5. 10 and 12.5 cm while measurement were made of impact peak force, contact time, time to peak force, dwell time, pear diameter and mass. The bioyield strength and modulus of elasticity were measured using UTM immediately after each drop test. The allowable drop height was estimated on the base of bioyield strength of the pears in two ways. One was assumed the peak force during impact test increasing linearly with time, and the other was based on the actual drop test results. The computer program was developed for measuring the impact characteristics of the pears and analyzing the data obtained in the study. The peak force increased while contact times decreased with increasing drop height and contact times of the sample from the hard tissue group. The allowable drop height increased with increasing bioyield strength and contact times, and also varied with Poisson\`s ratio, mass and equilibrium radius of the pears. The allowable drop height calculated by a theoretical method was in the range from 1 to 4 cm, meanwhile, the estimated drop height considering the result of the impact test was in the range from 1 to 6 cm. Since the physical properties of fruits affected significantly the allowable drop height, the physical properties of the fruits should be considered when estimating the allowable drop height.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2019

The flammable liquid conductivity is an important factor in determining the generation of electrostatic in fire and explosion hazardous areas, so it is necessary to study the physical properties of flammable liquids. In particular, the relevant liquid conductivity in the process of handling flammable liquids in relation to the risk assessment and risk control in fire and explosion hazard areas, such as chemical plants, is classified as a main evaluation item according to the IEC standard, and it is necessary to have flammable liquid conductivity measuring devices and related data are required depending on the handling conditions of the material, such as temperature and mixing ratio for preventing the fire and explosion related to electrostatic. In addition, IEC 60079-32-2 [Explosive Atmospheres-Part 32-2 (Electrostatic hazards-Tests)] refers to the measuring device standard and the conductivity of a single substance. It was concluded that there is no measurement data according to the handling conditions such as mixing ratio of flammable liquid and temperature together with the use and measurement examples. We have developed the measurement reliability by improving the structure, material and measurement method of measuring device by referring to the IEC standard. We have developed a measurement device that is developed and manufactured by itself. The test results of flammable liquid conductivity measurement and the data of the NFPA 77 (Recommended Practice on Static Electricity) Annex B Table B.2 Static Electric Characteristic of Liquids were compared and verified by conducting the conductivity measurement of the flammable liquid handled in the fire and explosion hazardous place by using Measuring / Data Acquisition / Processing / PC Communication. It will contribute to the prevention of static electricity related disaster by taking preliminary measures for fire and explosion prevention by providing technical guidance for static electricity risk assessment and risk control through flammable liquid conductivity measurement experiment. In addition, based on the experimental results, it is possible to create a big data base by constructing electrostatic physical characteristic data of flammable liquids by process and material. Also, it is analyzed that it will contribute to the foundation composition for adding the specific information of conductivity of flammable liquid to the physical and chemical characteristics of MSDS.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.552-560
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• 2017

Quorum quenching (QQ) bacteria entrapped in a polymeric composite hydrogel (QQ medium) have been successfully applied in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for effective biofouling control. However, in order to bring QQ technology closer to practice, the physical strength and lifetime of QQ media should be improved. In this study, enforcement of physical strength, as well as an extension of the lifetime of a previously reported QQ bacteria entrapping hollow cylinder (QQ-HC), was sought by adding a dehydration procedure following the cross-linking of the polymeric hydrogel by inorganic compounds like $Ca^{2+}$ and boric acid. Such prepared medium demonstrated enhanced physical strength possibly through an increased degree of physical cross-linking. As a result, a longer lifetime of QQ-HCs was confirmed, which led to improved biofouling mitigation performance of QQ-HC in an MBR. Furthermore, QQ-HCs stored under dehydrated condition showed higher QQ activity when the storage time lasted more than 90 days owing to enhanced cell viability. In addition, the dormant QQ activity after the dehydration step could be easily restored through reactivation with real wastewater, and the reduced weight of the dehydrated media is expected to make handling and transportation of QQ media highly convenient and economical in practice.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.161-181
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• 2014

This thesis, which mainly focuses on the characteristics of the Chinese arbitration system, will mainly deal with three characteristics and analyze the causes that directly or indirectly influence them. The first characteristic is China does not recognize ad hoc arbitration. Ad hoc arbitration is the initial form of arbitration, and it occupies an important position in many countries; however, China's judicial system does not recognize it. There are many disadvantages for building a system of ad hoc arbitration in China; i. e., the arbitration system in China is undeveloped and shot-time established, and it lacks social and civil society basis, along with a credit system, which the Western ad hoc arbitration relies on. The second characteristic is the existence of excessive judicial supervision and control over arbitration in China. Judicial supervision over arbitration has been the customary practice in each country of the modern world, but sharp variation exists in the legal stipulations and the courts' attitude toward the standard to be applied in the supervision over arbitration. In China, there has always been a controversy over judicial supervision, and the standards applied in the supervision over arbitration by courts in different regions are less than identical. The last characteristic is the existence of a combination of mediation with arbitration, which is called Arb-Med in China. Such means that in the process of arbitration, the arbitrator may conduct mediation proceedings for the case it is handling if both parties agree to do so. Under the Chinese law, Arb-Med may lead to a binding and enforceable outcome. However, it has several legal disadvantages and almost no country adopts this system. China still insists that this system will go on because Arb-Med was first made in China, and its effect was proven through long-time practice in CIETAC.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine the nurses' role in Oriental medical hospital and the necessity of Oriental medical nursing system. Data were collected from 194 nurses in 14 Oriental medical hospitals located in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Kwangju, Kangwon Province, Kyungbuk Province from July 1, 2000 to September 10, 2000. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. In nurse's level of knowledge of acupuncture point in current Oriental nursing practice, 28.4% of the respondents did not know acupuncture points at all, while 30.9% knew them a little. 40.7% of them did not almost know them. 2. According to nurses' role in Oriental medical hospital, they did a lot of duty for measurement of vitality, medical record, Dr. notifying, communication with medical team and related departments, and observation of patients' conditions. They did a little duty for handling Oriental medical practice. 3. As the subject of curriculum for Oriental medical nursing, 52.1% chose training course for Oriental medical nursing, while 25.8% chose inclusion of the curriculum in the school of nursing. 39.2% replied that they would take the training course for Oriental medical nursing, while 3.6% answered that they would not take it. 68.6% of them thought that Oriental medical nursing system should be introduced, while 4.1% objected to introducing the system. The nurses in Oriental medical hospitals are working with many problems because of their role confusion and low level of knowledge in Oriental medicine. Therefore, systematic curriculum and research related to Oriental medical nursing are necessary. Oriental medical nursing system must be introduced in order to make nurses have professional knowledge and skill in Oriental medicine. The nurses then can provide services of good quality for the patients.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.471-479
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the best way that Oriental medicine contributes for activation of pharmacy management after the separation of prescribing and dispensing practice since July 2000. In order to investigate current pharmacy conditions for handling of Oriental medicine and many problems for administering the Oriental medicine to patients, a questionnaire was written with a list of questions related to pharmacy management with Oriental medicine, and given to 58 subjects via fax or personal visit during the period of April 21 to 30, 2003. The research results was as follows; In th 58 subjects, 45 subjects (77.6%) were pharmacists with a licence for dispensing Oriental medicine. 70.7% of subjects most likely preferred to extract granule as administering type of oriental medicine. About the motivation using Oriental medicine, the reason for activation of pharmacy management was 39.7%, second, the reason for resolving the limitation of treatment over western medicine was 25.9%. Oriental medicine for patients was mainly administered by recommendation with pharmacist (65.5%). In comparison with after and before the separation of prescribing and dispensing, 51.7% of subjects answered that sale volume was decreased after the separation. Concerning the ratio of total sales volume to Oriental medicine within 5 years, 50% of subjects expected that sales volume will increase positively. About treating Oriental medcine, 34.5% of subjects thought the problem is the regulation by limiting 100 kinds of formulary. The most important factor for increasing Oriental medicine selling amount was continueous education for various information of oriental medicine in case of 44.8% of sujects. The best pharmacy to handle oriental medicine was community pharmacy (36.2%). It was expressed the reason why many pharmacists have not been treated oriental medicine because lots of time needs for dispensing prescription from clinics in these 4 years after the separation of prescribing and dispensing. These results lead to the conclusion that the Oriental medicine at pharmacy will greatly increase within 5 years and will be very important portion for pharmacy management.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide multifaceted interventions for nurses and to confirm changes in their knowledge, perception, and actual practice on the adequate storage, conditions, and transportation of culture specimens. Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest experimental design was conducted with 41 nurses in two general wards of a tertiary acute care hospital in Seoul. Multifaceted interventions including education, feedback, posting guidelines and reminders, and improvement in specimen management accessibility were provided from May 2019 to January 2020. Outcomes were measured before and after the interventions. Knowledge and perception of the nurses were evaluated using self-reported questionnaires and actual practice by observation. Results: After the interventions, the average knowledge score on transportation time was significantly increased (Z= -4.89, p< .001). However, the knowledge score on storage methods was not significantly increased. The perception score was significantly increased (t= -3.19, p= .003). The proportion of specimen storage times, places, and conditions managed properly was significantly increased from 43.0% (46/107) to 77.1% (84/109) (p< .001). The average transportation time of blood samples to the laboratory significantly decreased from 3 hours 36 minutes (± 1 hour 52 minutes) to 3 hours 1 minute (± 1 hour 41 minutes) (t= 2.51, p= .013). The percentage of blood culture specimens arriving within 2 hours was increased significantly from 22.9% to 39.2% (χ²= 6.90, p= .009). Conclusion: The interventions were effective. However, some specimens remained in the ward longer than expected after the interventions. This requires further interventions.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2024

프로그래밍 언어를 활용한 데이터 시각화는 처리하는 데이터 양, 처리 시간, 유연성에서 효율성과 효과성을 향상시킬 수 있으나 프로그래밍에 익숙해지기 위해 연습이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 프로그래밍 자동 평가 시스템에서 데이터 시각화를 연습하기 위한 공공데이터 기반 문제은행을 개발하였다. 공공데이터는 교육과정에서 제시한 주제로 수집하였으며 학습자가 데이터 시각화하기에 적절한 형태로 가공하였다. 문제는 다양한 데이터 시각화 방법을 학습하기 위해 수학교육과정과 연계하여 개발하였다. 개발한 문제는 전문가 검토 및 파일럿 테스트를 실시하였으며 문항의 수준, 데이터 시각화를 통한 수학 교육의 가능성을 확인하였다. 하지만 학생에게 흥미가 떨어지는 주제라는 의견을 받았으며 이를 보완하기 위해 학생이 중심이 되는 데이터를 활용하여 추가로 문항을 개발하였다. 개발한 문제 은행은 초등학교 정보영재 또는 중학교 이상에서 파이썬을 학습한 경험이 있는 학생이 데이터 시각화를 배울 때 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.