• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.393-404
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to identify the trends and features of existing articles on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD), and to suggest the direction for future work. Articles on WMSD were reviewed and analyzed by research objects and characteristics. This paper describes a number of issues related to strategies and practices which were done in order to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders; 1) trends and characteristics of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, 2) legal enforcement related to systems preventing WMSD, 3) workplace assessment methods and guidelines for manual material handling, 4) ergonomic intervention, ergonomics program and its effectiveness. A list of recommendations presented in this study can be used to provide a baseline for the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.56.1-56.1
• /
• 2019

We are producing and consuming more data than ever before. Massive data allow us to better understand the world around us, yet they bring a new set of challenges due to their inherent noise and sheer enormity in size. Without smart algorithms and infrastructures, big data problems will remain intractable, and the same is true in natural science research. The mission of data science as a research field is to develop and apply computational methods in support of and in the replacement of costly practices in handling data. In this talk, I will introduce how data science and deep learning has been used for solving various problems in natural sciences. In particular, I will present a case study of analyzing high-resolution satellite images to infer socioeconomic scales of developing countries.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.379-392
• /
• 2010

The purposes of this study were to investigate recipients' handling and consumption of home-delivered meals at home and to assess their perceptions on home-delivered meal services for older adults. A total of 312 elderly people who received home-delivered foodservice were surveyed using an individual interview technique. A statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS (ver. 14.0). It was found that 90.2% (n = 166) of the lunch box recipients received services for six days per week, and 76.6% (n = 95) of the side-dish recipients got services once per week. More than half of the clients reported that they cooked meals by themselves on days when meals were not delivered. The two hundred thirty-two (75.3%) ate their meals as soon as they were delivered. It was found that 66.8% of the lunch box recipients and 7.3% of the side-dish recipients left delivered meals on the counter (at room temperatures) before eating. Only 11.4% of the lunch box recipients and 48.4% of the side-dish recipients kept delivered meals in the refrigerator before eating. Less than half of the lunch box recipients consumed all foods they were served at once. The reasons the recipients did not eat their all meals delivered at once were "saving for next meals" and "big portion size" Of those clients who left delivered meals, 19% of the lunch box recipients and 9.7% of the side-dish recipients ate leftovers without reheating. An average score of quality of delivered meal services was 3.5 out of 5 points. The results suggest that the clients of the home-delivered meal service should be provided information on proper handling and consumption practices with delivered meals at home. The findings of the study will be used to develop nutrition and food safety management guidelines for senior foodservice.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 2008

Many sensor operating systems have memory limitation constraint; therefore, stack memory areas of threads resides in a single memory space. Because most target platforms do not have hardware MMY (Memory Management Unit), it is difficult to protect each stack area. The method to solve this problem is to exchange original stack handling instructions in binary code for wrapper routines to protect stack area. In this exchanging phase, instruction corruption problem occurs due to difference of each instruction length between stack handling instructions and branch instructions. In this paper, we propose the algorithm to call a target routine without instruction corruption problem. This algorithm can reach a target routine by repeating branch instructions to have a short range. Our solution makes it easy to apply security patch and maintain upgrade of software of sensor node.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2013

This study is to assess the reduction of non-point source pollution loads for rice straw mulching of upland crop cultivation at a watershed scale. For Byulmi-cheon watershed (1.21 $km^2$) located in the upstream of Gyeongan-cheon, the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) and SWAT (Soil and Water Assesment Tool), physically based distributed hydrological models were applied. Before evaluation, the model was calibrated and validated using 9 rainfall events. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for streamflow using the HSPF was 0.62~0.76 and the determination coefficient ($R^2$) for water quality (sediment, total nitrogen T-N, and total phosphorus T-P) were 0.72, 0.62, and 0.63 respectively. The NSE for streamflow using the SWAT were 0.43~0.81 and the $R^2$ for water quality (sediment, T-N, and T-P) were 0.54, 0.87, and 0.64 respectively. From the field experiment of 16 rainfall events, the rice straw cover condition reduced surface runoff average 10.0 % compared to normal surface condition. By handling infiltration capacity (INFILT) in HSPF model, the value of 16.0 mm/hr was found to reduce about 10.0 % reduction of surface runoff. For this condition, the reduction effect of sediment, T-N, and T-P loads were 87.2, 28.5, and 85.1 % respectively. By handling soil hydraulic conductivity (SOL_K) in SWAT model, the value of 111.2 mm/hr was found to reduce about 10.0 point reduction of surface runoff. For this condition, the reduction effect of sediment, T-N, and T-P loads were 80.0, 83.2, and 78.7 % respectively. The rice straw surface covering was effective for removing surface runoff dependent loads such as sediment and T-P.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.562-573
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we propose a method for measuring the volume of packages for the efficient handling of the packages. Using the geometrical characteristics of the rectangular parallelepiped type objects, the method measures the volume of packages with one camera only in real time. In preprocessing of volume measurement, the method extracts outer lines of the object and then crossing points of the lines as feature points or vertexes. From these cross points(-feature points-), the volume of the package is calculated. Compared to the direct feature extraction, the proposed method shows especially the blurring robust result by using the line for feature extraction. Additionally, the method can get the stable result by considering object's direction. From experimental results, it is demonstrated that this method is very effective for the real time volume measurement of the rectangular parallelepiped.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.51
• /
• pp.465-495
• /
• 2011

Domestic franchised businesses have been showing relatively fast growth, but the growth is expected to slow down as in those developed countries. In face of this changing market environment, domestic franchisers will have to turn their eyes abroad to achieve sustainable growth. On the other hand, more international franchisors could pursue expanding into the Korean market due to economic or strategic reasons in their home countries. In general, enterprises are faced with several barriers when entering foreign markets by franchising their operation. Issues relating to such entry barriers can be broadly classified into legal and managerial. To begin, international franchising necessitates enterprises to handle various aspects of legal issues. There are no internationally unified rules for franchise agreements as in international goods purchase contracts. This forces franchisors to have deep knowledge of concerned regulations and practices of each of the individual target countries, in particular franchising practices which differ from those of their own countries in terms of rights and obligations of the involved parties. Having regard to this situation, this study reviewed the EU's PEL CAFDC and other domestic and overseas regulations governing franchising. From the results, several contractual obligations were derived that need to be taken into account when handling the issues around the international franchise agreement. In closing this paper mainly having in mind enterprises in various business lines seeking to expand into international franchising, some unmet needs are worth commenting. First, there is an urgent need to establish practical guidelines along with the model agreement addressing the issues of international franchising in the absence of any unified international rules. Second, to meet the first need above, it is needed that the relevant authorities conduct a comprehensive review of the existing franchising regulations available across overseas countries and, based on the results, embark on gathering good common elements in the existing franchising regulations in individual countries, ultimately developing the best possible guidelines and examples.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.52-57
• /
• 2001

ln this study, the questionnaire survey was performed to obtain the basic data on current situations and challengeable aspects of vermicomposting industries. The questionnaire contained the four main categories such as vermicomposting facilities, feeling marerials, earthworm breeding and cast handling. The results was summarized as followings: 1. Vermicomposting facilities area was becoming larger, and earthworm feed was also expending to various organic sludges. These trends showed that Vermicomposting is being enlightened to treat and recycle the organic wastes in Korea. 2. Present Vermicomposting technology needs the broad land. Because of the high cost of land in Korea, the land saving technology such as multistage must be needed. And present operation practices are mostly based on human power, mechanization and automation is needed. Also, present control practices are based on individual experience need the scientific base control system. 3. Considering situations of organic wastes management in Korea, the technical development and the practical improvement of Vermicomposting as the waste recycling will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.229-242
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of the safety system and safety education in institutional foodservices in the Changwon and Masan areas. The survey was conducted from February 1 to March 31, 2009 via questionnaires that were sent to 300 dietitians, and 142 dietitians responded. It was determined that most of the safety managers were 'dietitians (87.1%)', whereas facilities/equipment managers consisted of 'dietitians (45.7%)', 'department of facilities management in the organization (36.4%)' and 'outsourced company of facilities management (17.9%)'. Out of the 11 safety practices, seven safety practices showed less than 50% of total implementation ratio, which meant that the safety systems were not functioning properly. Except for 'non-skid shoes (85.9%)', other safety equipment was seldom used. The survey respondents recognized that safety education was very necessary (4.47 points); however, they responded so-so (3.46 points) to the question of whether or not the actual frequency and time spent on safety education were enough. The average time spent on safety education was 28 minutes 11 seconds. Regarding the difficulties in performing safety education, 'not many safety education materials and media (3.44 points)', 'not many varieties in the subjects and contents for safety education (3.40 points)', and 'not much organizational support on safety education (3.33 points)' showed higher scores than 'lack of education time due to workload (3.20 points)'. The following were cited as education materials that should be developed as it is currently difficult to obtain relevant information and data: 'root causes of musculoskeletal injury and preventive measures (15.8%)', 'healthcare and disease preventive exercises for employees who do simple and repetitive works (14.9%)', and 'instruction on safe handling of chemicals (12.7%)'

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.17-27
• /
• 2014

Background: Various medical emergency situations can occur during dental practices. Cardiac arrest is known to comprise approximately 1% of emergency situation. Thus, it is necessary for dentists to be able to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to increase the chance of saving patient's life in emergency situation. In this paper, we conducted a survey study to evaluate to what extent dentists actually understood CPR practice and if they had experience in handling emergency situations in practice. Method: The survey was done for members of the Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology (KDSA), who had great interest in CPR and for whom survey-by-mail was convenient. We had selected 472 members of the KDSA with a dental license and whose office address and contact information were appropriate, and sent them a survey questionnaire by mail asking about the degree of their CPR understanding and if they had experience of handling emergency questions before. Statistical analyses -frequency analysis, chi-square test, ANOVA, and so on- were performed by use of IBM SPSS Statistics 19 for each question. Result: Among 472 people, 181 responded (38.4% response rate). Among the respondents were 134 male and 47 female dentists. Their average age was $40.4{\pm}8.4$. In terms of practice type, there were 123 private practitioners (68.0%), 20 professors (11.0%), 16 dentists-in-service (8.8%), 13 residents (specialist training) (7.2%) and 9 military doctors (5%). There were 125 dentists (69.1%) who were specialists or receiving training to be specialist, most of whom were oral surgeon (57, 31.5%) and pediatric dentists (56, 30.9%). There were 153 people (85.0%) who received CPR training before, and 65 of them (35.9%) were receiving regular training. When asked about the ratio of chest pressure vs mouth-to-mouth respiration when conducting CPR, 107 people (59.1%) answered 30:2. However, only 27.1% of them answered correctly for a question regarding CPR stages, C(Circulation)- A(Airway)- B(Breathing)- D(Defibrillation), which was defined in revised 2010 CPR practice guideline. Dentists who had experience of handling emergency situations in their practice were 119 (65.6%). The kinds of emergency situations they experienced were syncope (68, 37.6%), allergic reactions to local anesthetic (44, 24.3%), hyperventilation (43, 23.8%), seizure (25, 13.8%), hypoglycemia (15, 8.3%), breathing difficulty (14, 7.8%), cardiac arrest (11, 6.1%), airway obstruction (6, 3.3%), intake of foreign material and angina pectoris (4, 2.2%), in order of frequency. Most respondents answered that they handled the situation appropriately under the given emergency situation. In terms of emergency equipment they had blood pressure device (70.2%), pulse oximetry (69.6%), Bag-Valve-Mask (56.9%), emergency medicine (41.4%), intubation kit (29.8%), automated external defibrillator (23.2%), suction kit (19.3%) and 12 people (6.6%) did not have any equipment. In terms of confidence in handling emergency situation, with 1-10 point scale, their response was $4.86{\pm}2.41$ points. The average point of those who received regular training was $5.92{\pm}2.20$, while those who did not was $4.29{\pm}2.29$ points (P<0.001) Conclusion: The result showed they had good knowledge of CPR but the information they had was not up-to-date. Also, they were frequently exposed to the risk of emergency situation during their dental practice but the level of confidence in handling the emergency situation was intermediate. Therefore, regular training of CPR to prepare them for handling emergency situation is deemed necessary.