• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.460-467
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• 2013

This study was conducted to reduce the using amount of chemical fungicides for the control of red-pepper Phytophthora blight. Effect of combination application of two microbial fungicides and two chemical fungicides for the control of red-pepper Phytophthora blight was examined in vitro, in greenhouse and under field conditions. Each microbial fungicides and chemical fungicides was two-fold diluted and mixed-soil drenched. In the greenhouse pot assay, the mixed application of B. pumilus QST2808 and a mixture of dimethomorph + ethaboxam (De) among four mixed applications of two microbial fungicides (B. pumilus QST2808, P. polymyxa AC-1) and two chemical fungicides showed the highest control effect against Phytophthora blight. Also, control effect of mixed application of B. pumilus QST2808 and De was similar to that of single application of De (dimethomorph + ethaboxam) or Mo (mancozeb + oxadixyl). In the field test, when the microbial fungicides (B. pumilus QST2808, P. polymyxa AC-1) and the chemical fungicide(De) for the control of Phytophthora blight of red pepper were mixed-soil drenched four times at 7~10 day-intervals, the control values were in the range of 78.8% to 82.0%. On the other hand when each of the two chemical fungicides (De, Mo) were soil drenched four times at 7~10 day-intervals, the control value were 65.7% to 85.8%. Consequently, the mixed application of the microbial fungicides and chemical fungicides could be recommended as a control method for reducing the using amount of chemical fungicides.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1727-1734
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• 2005

The fermentation characteristics and mono- and di-saccharides compositions during the early stage of ensiling were studied with a temperate grass, Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and a tropical grass, guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.). The laboratory silos were kept in the room set at 25$^{\circ}C$, and then were opened on 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days (14 days in Italian ryegrass) after ensiling, respectively. The Italian ryegrass silage showed a fast and large pH decrease caused by a fast and large production of lactic acid during the first 5 days of ensiling and succeeded to achieve lactic acid type fermentation; high lactic acid/acetic acid and lactic acid content at the end of ensiling (14 days), low values of pH (3.74), acetic acid, ethanol and ammonia-N/total nitrogen, none or only small amounts of Butyric acid, valeric acid and propionic acid. The guineagrass silage showed a slow decrease in pH and a slow increase in lactic acid content during the full ensiling period, causing a high final pH value, low contents of lactic acid, acetic acid, total volatile fatty acids and total organic acids. In Italian ryegrass silage, mono- and di-saccharides compositions decreased largely within the initial 0.5 day (12 h) of ensiling. Sucrose disappeared rapidly within the initial 0.5 day of ensiling, but fructose and glucose contents showed an initial rise by the activity of enzymes in plant tissues, and then decreased gradually. On the other hand, the contents of monoand di-saccharides in guineagrass showed the largest decreases due mainly to plant respiration within the initial 0.5 day of ensiling, and no initial rises in fructose and glucose contents during the early stage of ensiling because of the absence of fructans which are hydrolyzed into fructose and glucose in temperate grasses. In both silages, the rate of reduction in mono- and di-saccharides compositions within the initial 5 days of ensiling was ranked in the order of glucose>fructose>sucrose, suggesting that glucose and fructose might be more favorably utilized than sucrose by microorganisms and glucose is the first fermentation substrate. It was concluded that the silage made from Italian ryegrass with high moisture content had a good fermentation quality owing to the dominance of lactic acid bacteria and active lactic acid fermentation during the initial stage of ensiling. These results can be explained by rapid plant sap liberation and the high activity of plant enzyme hydrolyzed fructans into fructose and glucose within the initial 2 days of ensiling, which stimulate the homofermentative lactic acid bacteria growth. In ensiling a temperate grass, the physical characteristics may ensure the rapid onset of fermentation phase, which results from the smaller losses of water-soluble carbohydrates during the initial stage of ensiling and providing sufficient water-soluble carbohydrates for lactic acid bacteria. The silage made from guineagrass with intermediate dry matter and high initial mono- and di-saccharides content was stable silage. This could be explained by the higher incorporation of air during the very early stage of ensiling and the restriction of cell breakdown and juice release due to the properties of a tropical grass with coarse porosity and stemmy structures. These physical characteristics delayed the onset of lactic acid bacteria fermentation phase by extending the phases of respiration and aerobic microorganisms activity, causing the higher loss of water-soluble carbohydrates and the shortage of lactic acid bacteria fermentation substrates.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.281-290
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• 2020

With the spread of smartphones, services that want to use personalized data are increasing. In particular, healthcare-related services deal with a variety of data, and data visualization techniques are used to effectively show this. As data visualization techniques are used, interactions in visualization are also naturally emphasized. In the PC environment, since the interaction for data visualization is performed with a mouse, various filtering for data is provided. On the other hand, in the case of interaction in a mobile environment, the screen size is small and it is difficult to recognize whether or not the interaction is possible, so that only limited visualization provided by the app can be provided through a button touch method. In order to overcome the limitation of interaction in such a mobile environment, we intend to enable data visualization interactions through conversations with chatbots so that users can check individual data through various visualizations. To do this, it is necessary to convert the user's query into a query and retrieve the result data through the converted query in the database that is storing data periodically. There are many studies currently being done to convert natural language into queries, but research on converting user queries into queries based on visualization has not been done yet. Therefore, in this paper, we will focus on query generation in a situation where a data visualization technique has been determined in advance. Supported interactions are filtering on task x-axis values and comparison between two groups. The test scenario utilized data on the number of steps, and filtering for the x-axis period was shown as a bar graph, and a comparison between the two groups was shown as a line graph. In order to develop a natural language processing model that can receive requested information through visualization, about 15,800 training data were collected through a survey of 1,000 people. As a result of algorithm development and performance evaluation, about 89% accuracy in classification model and 99% accuracy in query generation model was obtained.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.169-191
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• 2002

As the tendency of the society is centralized into consumers and services, patients are getting to ask better medical services. The consumers influenced from various social surroundings became to have some expectation of nursing service. Compared with their expectation, the quality of the services which they virtually get may be recognized and evaluated. So it is necessary to know exactly what the consumers want in nursing services. The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants which can evaluate the quality of nursing services by researching into consumers' expectation and perception of the nursing services depending on the consumer-oriented attributions on the basis of the model of SERVQUAL. 1,144 of outpatients were selected as the subjects for this research. They used to continuously visit the same hospital after being hospitalized and nursed in 9 hospitals randomly selected among the second-level medical organizations in Seoul from January to February, 2001. The collected data are analyzed into the Descriptive Statistics, t-test, GLM and Multiple Regression through the SAS program. Delphi was used for the research tool and the results of the research are as follows; the determinants in evaluating the quality of nursing services consist of 5 categories such as Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, Empathy. The values of Cronbach' $\alpha$ appeared to be 0.96 in the expectation of nursing services, 0.94 in the perception of nursing services and 0.96 in the importance of nursing services. The determinants in the expectation of nursing services were ranged in the order of Assurance, Empathy, Reliability, Responsiveness and Tangibility. And those in the perception of nursing services were in the order of Assurance, Empathy, Reliability, Tangibility and Responsiveness. Those in the importance of nursing service were in the order of Empathy, Assurance, Reliability, Tangibility and Responsiveness. Finally, those in the quality of nursing service were in the order of Tangibility, Responsiveness, Empathy, Reliability and Assurance. Each expectation of nursing services appeared different depending on the subjects' age, gender, clinical department and reason for hospitalization. The hypothesis examined in this research shows that the group having higher personal needs shows meaningful differences in the expectation of nursing services, and the subjects who have had external communication show higher perception of nursing service than uncommunicative ones. After all, we can see that the statistical differences in the perception of nursing services depend on whether the subjects have external communications or not. The determinants in the expectation of nursing services can explain the quality of nursing service up to 14.96%. The statistically meaningful determinants in the expectation could be arranged in the order of Reliability, Assurance and Tangibility. And the more expectation brings about the lower evaluation of the quality of nursing services. The determinants in the perception of nursing service can explain the quality of nursing services up to 29.85%. The statistically meaningful determinants in the perception could be arranged in the order of Responsiveness, Reliability, Tangibility, Empathy, and Assurance. And the more perception brings about the higher evaluation of the quality of nursing services. According to the result of the above research, I would like to propose as follows. As long as this research is oriented to get knowledge of the consumer-oriented nursing services, it should be continued to draw the other elements determining the quality of the nursing services. Furthermore, this research is based upon the Parasuraman, A., et al.'s SERVQUAL Model(1991), which deals only expectation, perception and quality of consumer-oriented nursing services, so it will be necessary to inspect and verify it through the other models containing the offerers of nursing services in the future. On the other hand, as this research evaluates the actual quality of nursing services based on the expectation and perception of nursing services, it can be utilized as fundamental data to develop the marketing strategies and to estimate the qualities as well. I hope this research will be periodically estimated to be the useful data to develop the marketing strategies in the nursing service area.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2008

Progeny tests of Abies holophylla were established with 32 open-pollinated families at Hwaseong and Gangneung in 1994. Growth characteristics (height, DBH and volume index) were measured at the age of 15, showing that Gangneung site showed in general better performance than Hwaseong site. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the growth characteristics showed that there was a significant difference among families in Gangneung but not in Hwaseong, and Hwaseong site showed that DBH and volume index were statistically different among replications. At Gangneung site, family ${\times}$ replication interaction was significant in DBH and volume index. Based on the combined analysis of both sites, all characteristics except height showed highly significant differences between sites and among families. On the other hand, family ${\times}$ replication interaction was not significant, implying that growth pattern of families could be similar at Gangneung and Hwaseong. Individual heritabilities ($hi^2$) at Gangneung were 0.485 in height, 0.611 in DBH and 0.538 in volume index, and the values of $hi^2$ at Hwaseong were 0.121 in height, 0.054 in DBH and 0.080 in volume index, respectively. Based on both sites, $hi^2$ was estimated as 0.204 in height, 0.326 in DBH and 0.238 in volume index. Individual heritabilities (0.054~0.611) were lower than family heritabilities (0.089~0.723) for all growth characteristics. Realized gain was estimated to be 2.5% in height, 9.2% in DBH and 23.6% in volume. When inferior families (about 50% of all families) are genetically thinned from a seed orchard, genetic gain would be 9.55% in height, 17.0% in DBH and 46.8% in volume.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.522-532
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• 1985

The reactions of p-nitrophenyldiphenylphosphate (p-NPDPP) with anions of benzimidazole (BI) and its 2-alkyl derivatives (R-BI) are strongly catalyzed by the micelles of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTABr). On the other hand, the first order rate constants $(k'_{R-BI^-})$ and the second order rate constants $(k_{m(R-BI^-)})$ of the reactions mediated by R-$BI^-$in the micellar pseudophase are much smaller than those mediated by $BI^-$. In order to explain the slower rates of the micellar reactions mediated by R-$BI^-$, we compared the concentration-ratios ([R-$BI^-$]/[$BI^-$]) with the first order rate constant-ratios $(k'_{R-BI^-}/k'_{BI^-})$ and the second order constant-ratios $(k_{m(R-BI^-)}/k_{m(BI^-)})$ for the reactions taking place in the micellar pseudophase. The rate constant-ratios were much smaller than the concentration-ratios. For example in a 5 ${\times}10^{-4}$M butyl-BI solution, the two ratios were 0.089 and 0.430 (for the first order) respectively, and in a $10^{-4}$M butyl-BI solution the former was 0.100 (for the second order). This predicts that the reactivities of R-$BI^-$ in the micellar pseudophase are much smaller than that of $BI^-$. Based on the values of several kinetic parameters measured for dephosphorylation of p-NPDPP mediated by R-$BI^-$, a schemetic model is proposed. Due to the hydrophobicity and the steric effect of the alkyl substituents, these groups would penetrate into the core of the micelle for stabilization by van der Waals interaction with long cetyl groups of CTABr. Consequently, the movements of R-$BI^-$ bound to the micelle should be restricted, leading to decreased collison frequencies between the nucleophiles and p-NPDPP. We refer this as an "anchor effect". This effect became more predominent when a larger alky group in R-BI was employed and when a greater concentration of R-BI was used.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

Landscape architecture is an indispensable professional service in building sustainable land and urban environments. The landscape architecture industry is closely related to the promotion of the health and welfare of the people, urban revitalization and residential environment improvement as well as job creation. Despite various public interest values of landscape architecture, the growth engine of the landscape architecture industry, which is supposed to improve the quality of landscape services, has stagnated. In 2015, the Landscape Architecture Promotion Act was enacted to provide a landscape architectural promotion facility and complex system to support revitalization through the integration of the landscape architecture industry. The purpose of this study is to suggest an improvement plan to enhance the effectiveness of the landscape architectural promotion facility and complex system. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, workers and experts in landscape architecture recognized the need for policies and projects to promote the landscape architecture industry. Second, the industrial types suitable for the landscape architectural promotion facility were landscape design, landscape maintenance and management, and landscape construction industry. Meanwhile the industrial types suitable for a landscape architectural promotion complex were landscape trees and landscape facilities production and distribution. Third, the expected effect of the designation of the landscape architectural facility was 'the increase of the business opportunity through the expansion of the network'. On the other hand, that of the landscape architectural promotion complex was 'the activation of various information sharing'. Fourth, 'the size of the local government landscape architecture industry and the capacity to cultivate' was the most important among the designation criteria of the landscape architectural promotion facility. As for that of the landscape architectural promotion complex, the 'feasibility of promotion plan' was the most crucial. Fifth, 'tax benefit and deductible exemption' was considered as a necessary support method for the activation of the landscape architectural promotion facility, and 'maintenance and management fee support' was recognized in the case of the landscape architectural promotion complex.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2015

In this study, genotyping was executed by using 27 microsatellite markers for genetic diversity of 469 Korean Native Chickens [20 population, each population is 24 samples but Hanhyup A line is 13 samples). in total 469 samples were collected from National Institute of Animal Science (Korean Native Chicken (NR, NY, NG, NL and NW), Ogye (NO), Leghorn F,K (NF and NK), Black and Brown cormish (NH and NS), Rhode Island Red C, D (NC and ND), Total is 12 populations] and Hanhyup [H line (HH), F line (HF), G line (HG), V line (HV), S line (HS), W line (HW), Y line (HY), A line (HA), total is 8 populations]. [The allele number were observed 5 (ADL0268) to 20 (MCW0127) each markers. Observed heterozygostiy ($H_{obs}$), expected heterozygosity ($H_{exp}$), polymorphism Information Content (PIC) were observed 0.359 to 0.677, 0.668 to 0.881 and 0.646 to 0.869, respectively. Using these markers, the calculated the heterozygote deficit within chicken line ($F_{is}$) value each population from mean 0.117. Phylogenetic tree showing the genetic relationship among 20 population using standard genetic distance calculated from 27 microsatellite markers. genetic distances revealed the closest (0.175) between NC and ND. on the other hand, Farthest genetic distances (0.710) revealed between NF and HV. STRUCTURE analysis and Principal Components Analysis (PCA) showed that results of similar phylogenetic tree. The expected probability of identity values on random individuals (Total population and only Hanhyup line) was estimated at $8.80{\times}10^{-83}$ and $3.87{\times}10^{-117}$, respectively. In conclusion, This study shows the useful data that be utilized as a basic data of Korean Native Chicken breeding and development for commercial chicken industry to meet the consumer's demand.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1984

This experiment was conducted to find out the changes in microflora of submerged soil uncultivated rice plant by application of CNP herbicide (2, 4, 6 - Trichlorophenyl-4-Nitrophenyl ether) under conditions applied with compost, rice straw, glucose or without organic material. The soil, sandy loam textured was incubated in green house for 66 days. Sampling and analysis of microorganisms were carried out during submergence periods. The results were summarilized as follows. 1. Number of aerobic total bacteria was increased by application of CNP herbicide during submerbed 50 days, afterthen, could not seen the difference. The application of rice straw increased number of aerobic bacteria regardless of CNP herbicide application or not, but glucose tended to decrease. 2. Number of Fungi was constantly maintained at $8-20{\times}10^3$ levels during period of submergence regardless of application of CNP herbicide and organic materials or not. 3. The CNP herbicide application tended to decrease the number of actinomycetes, particularly, in the treatments without organic substances and rice straw were remarkably decreased. 4. Anaerobic-and gram-negative bacteria populations were not showed any difference by application of herbicide and organic materials. 5. The ratios of aerobic bacteria to fungi and aerobic bacteria to actinomycetes appeared high values by application of herbicide and of organic substances. 6. At 66 days after submergence, the ratio of chromogenic actinomycetes to the total number of actinomycetes was lowered in application of herbicide. On the other hand, the percentage of both pretense-positive and cellulase-positive actinomycetes to the total isolates were higher in the treatment with herbicide than An without herbicide, particularly. The ratios of pretense-positive actinomycetes were high in the rice straw application regardless of herbicide application or not, but cellulase-positive actinomycetes was not remarkably difference.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2009

This study was carried out in order to investigate the changes in chemical components of four kinds of Cheonggukjang during fermentation. Three different kinds of Cheonggukjang were prepared with germinated soybeans using rice straw, Bacillus natto, Bacillus natto plus Aspergillus oryzae, and non-germinated soybeans using rice straw. The nitrogen contents increased significantly during fermentation in all kinds of Cheonggukjang. Especially germinated soybean Cheonggukjang prepared with A. oryzae plus B. natto showed approximately 1.3 to 3.0 fold higher values than the other Cheonggukjangs. Total free amino acid contents of all Cheonggukjangs increased with an increase in fermentation time until 60 h. Lysine content was highest in Cheonggukjang prepared with ungerminated soybean at 72 h of fermentation. Among free amino acids of germinated soybean Cheonggukjang prepared with rice straw, glutamic acid was highest (3.64 mg/g) after 72 h of fermentation. In Cheonggukjang prepared with mixed culture, glutamic acid content was 4.37 mg/g. Total carbohydrate contents of Cheonggukjang decreased rapidly with an increase in fermentation time except the ungerminated soybean Cheonggukjang, and the total carbohydrate contents varied from 9.81 to 14.04% after 72 h of fermentation. On the other hand, total carbohydrate contents of ungerminated soybean Cheonggukjang prepared with rice straw gradually decreased during fermentation. In conclusion, it is expected to increase the contents of functional constituents and to improve quality characteristics of Cheonggukjang when it is prepared with germinated soybeans using B. natto plus A. oryaze.