• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.126-135
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• 2016

The surveys of weed species in pastures were conducted in Jeju Island, Pyeongchang Gangwon, and Seosan Chungnam throughout 2013, 2014, and 2015 in order to understand the current status of the weed flora in Korean pastures and to utilize the survey data for basic measure of them. From the surveys, 275 species of 52 families including 83 exotic species were identified and classified into 77 species of annuals, 55 species of biennials and 143 species of perennials. Looking regionally, 207 species of 49 families, 62 species of 14 families, and 136 species of 36 families were occurred in Jeju, Pyeongchang and Seosan, respectively. Based on the importance values, the most dominant species was Rumex obtusifolius followed by Artemisia princeps, Trifolium repens, Digitaria ciliaris, Rumex acetosella etc. in order. The dominance of exotic species was the highest in Rumex obtusifolius followed by Trifolium repens, Rumex acetosella, Erigeron annuus etc. According to the surveys of past and present a pasture weed community has been changed, i.e., Erigeron annuus, Artemisia princeps, and Potentilla fragarioides var. major were dominant in 1990 and Artemisia princeps, Trifolium repens and Rumex acetosella were dominant in 2004. On the other hand, the dominant species at the pastures were changed into Rumex obtusifolius, Artemisia princeps, and Trifolium repens in 2015.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2003

The metasedimentary rocks together with various granitoids are the main constituents in Taebaeksan gneiss complex, northern Yeongnam Massif. Chemical compositions of sedimentary rocks may reflect the nature of the provenance and could be crucial for understanding the evolution of early continental crust. Previous workers have suggested that the provenance and tectonic studies based on the geochemistry of sediments are applicable to the Precambrian samples. In this study we analyzed the major, trace and REE elements of metasedimentary rocks to understand their provenance and tectonic setting during sedimentation. The overall geochemical characteristics of metasedimentary rocks are similar to those of average shale of the post-Archean. Major element chemistry indicates mature and sorted nature of the sediments. The degree of weathering in the source rocks the is not uniform, as inferred from a large scatter in chemical indices of weathering (CIW). The immobile trace elements such as Th, Sc, and REE can be used to discriminate various sedimentary processes. The Th/sc ratios (0.9 - 4.4) are larger than those of the upper crust and average shale, suggesting that the felsic source predominates. The contents of Ni and Cr and the variations in the ratio of compatible to incompatible elements are similar to the average post-Archean shale. Uniform chondrite-normalized REE pattern with the LREE enrichment (LaN/SmN = 4.9 ${\pm}$ 0.4) and slight negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu$\^$*/ = 0.7 ${\pm}$ 0.1) also support this observation. The presence of negative Eu anomaly indicates that intracrustal igneous processes involving plagioclase separation have affected the provenance rocks. The LREE enrichment implies the major role of felsic rocks in source rocks. The eNd (1.9 Ga) values of metasediment rocks vary from 9.4 to 6.7, corresponding to TDM of 2.9 - 2.7 Ga. On the other hand, the 147Sm/144Nd ratios are 0.1079 - 0.1101, corresponding to typical tettigenous sediments. The geochemical features of metasedimentary rocks such as high abundances of large ion lithophile elements, high ratios of Th/Sc and La/Sm, commonly high Th/U ratios, negative Eu anomalies, and negative eNd, suggest a provenance consisting virtually entirely of recycled upper continental crust in passive margin environment. Tectonic discrimination diagrams based upon major element compositions also support this suggestion. In conjunction with igneous activity and metamorphism in the convergent margin setting at 1.8 - 1. 9 Ga, the transition from passive margin to active margin characterize the Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution in northern Yeongnam Massif.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.469-481
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• 2014

IIn vitro antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of nargenicin and its derivatives were investigated. Nargenicin, an unusual macrolide antibiotic with potent anti-MRSA (methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) activity, was purified from the culture broth of Nocardia sp. CS682. And variety of novel nargenicin derivatives was synthesized from nargenicin. Two compounds (4 and 5) exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities against infectious bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of derivatives against fifteen organisms was assessed using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC values were in the ranges of $0.15{\sim}80{\mu}g/mL$ (w/v) for compound 1 and 2, $5{\sim}80{\mu}g/mL$ (w/v) for compound 3, $1.25{\sim}40{\mu}g/mL$ (w/v) for compound 4, and $1.25{\sim}80{\mu}g/mL$ (w/v) for compound 5, depending on the pathogens studied. In vitro, we investigated cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production of synthesized compounds 1-5 in Raw 264.7 cells. LPS-induced nitric oxide releases were significantly blocked by compound 3, 4 and 5 in a dose-dependent manner. At high concentrations ($5{\mu}g/mL$) compound 5 inhibited the NO production by 95%. Compound 4 inhibited the release of NO in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells by 75% at the concentration of $10{\mu}g/mL$. Compound 3 inhibited the release of NO in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells by 65% at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. On the other hand, nargenicin, compound 1 and 2 did not inhibit NO production. These results demonstrated that compound 4 and 5 displayed antimicrobial activity and blocked LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO in macrophages, which might be responsible for its therapeutic application.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.203-218
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• 2017

The study was initiated at three rice paddy fields of each large-scale area environment-friendly agricultural district, Suncheon and Jangheung in Jeollanam-do, and Okcheon in Chungcheongbuk-do in 2016 to observe growth and nutrients in soil and rice in a season. Jangheung farm had two observed plots; conventional plots and conventional plots additionally fertilizing of 20% T-N with oil-cake. Soil pH, EC, and K concentration on June in Jangheung farm were significantly higher than those values observed in Suncheon and Okcheon farms. Annual rice T-N contents in the Jangheung farm were more than 80 g but decreased in a season. T-N concentration in rice was high in Jangheung farm but the concentrations of P and K were not significantly different among the three farms at harvest. Plant height was as low as 101 cm in Sunchon farm but high in the dry weight (72 g). Leaf SPAD was higher in Jangheung farm than those of other farms. Okcheon farm, with early cultivar 'Milky queen', produced high head rice of 93%, and high unhulled rice and the brown rice per ha. Therefore, the annual production income was as high as 26.7 million won per ha. However, nutrient (T-N + P + K) balance in Okcheon farm with high amount of fertilizer application were as high as 900 kg per ha. On the other hand, nutrient balance in Jangheung farm resulted in less than 300 kg.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2009

We conducted a comparison experiment of our wide-area spraying high speed fan with a fan which was developed by Japan MARUYAMA Inc. have been much recognized for it's history and skills in a field of spraying machine. In result, MARUYAMA Inc. fan sprayed up to 120 m and, on the other hand, wide-area spraying high speed fan of our own making was able to spray up to more than 160 m. Wide-area spraying machine have been supplied to domestic demands by importing from Japan, but it is determined to be possible that home products will occupy market for it's ability, price and A/S environment in future. The main research results are below. Some plastic cups which are in the open market are used for our experiment. After distributing 90 cups in a range of 10m vertically with localizing 5 cups horizontally and 18 cups vertically, spraying machine was moved and finally we make distribution charts by estimating the sprayed amounts on each cup. Vertical distance was set up to 5m and we calculated average values by using sprayed amount and data of 4 observers. In result our fan showed much sprayed amounts than MARUYAMA Inc. all over the field except situations of vehicle departing and stopping.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.474-478
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• 2016

Quality properties of pork restructured jerky manufactured using various concentrations of black rice powder were examined. The moisture contents and pH of samples increased with an increase in concentration of black rice powder. On the other hand, the protein and fat contents of samples decreased with an increase in concentration of black rice powder. Lightness, redness, and yellowness values of uncooked and cooked samples showed a downward trend with an increase in concentration of black rice powder. Water holding capacity and cooking yield of the samples containing 3% and 5% black rice powder were higher than those of the control and 1% black rice powder samples (p<0.05). Samples containing 3% black rice powder showed a lower shear force than that of the control (p<0.05). Sensory evaluation of color, flavor, tenderness, and overall acceptability were enhanced with an increase in concentration of black rice powder. These results show that supplementation added with black rice powder in pork restructured jerky enhances its quality properties.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 2020

This study was designed to evaluate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of noodles containing Allium senescens L. powder (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%). With an increase in the consumption of Allium senescens L., there was a decrease in pH (p<0.001), water absorption ratio, volume expansion ratio, and turbidity (p<0.05). The colorvalue showed that the addition of Allium senescens L. decreased the L and b values. On the other hand, a value was increased (p<0.001). The mechanical texture of the noodles containing Allium senescens L. was decreased by the addition of Allium senescens L. considering its hardness and chewiness; however, it increased the adhesiveness, springiness, and cohesiveness (p<0.001). In the sensory evaluation, the noodles with 4% Allium senescens L. powder showed the best results (p<0.001). The total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, DPPH radical scavenging, and reducing power were increased upon addition of Allium senescens L. powder (p<0.001).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 1996

The effects of temperature variations during storage, pasteurization on the quality of orange juices were investigated. To evaluate the quality of orange juices pasteurized at 75, 85 and $95^{\circ}C$ for 15 sec, microbial and physicochemical measurements and sensory evaluations were conducted during storage at 10, 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ for 32days. Color(lightness) and contents of vitamin C and sucrose were not changed at $10^{\circ}C$, but decreased at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ as the storage time was increased. The pasteurization temperature had a little effect on the color and the contents of vitamin C and sucrose. Furfural contents were apparently increased as the storage period extended, but the samples stored at $10^{\circ}C$ had less amounts than the others. On the other hand, the pasteurization temperature did not affect furfural accumulation. Furfural was produced as a result of the degradation of vitamin C and deterioration of the color. The PH values were not changed during the entire storage period, and microorganisms were not detected in most of the samples. The result of sensory evaluation indicated no taste difference between the control and the sample stored at $10^{\circ}C$, but the taste changes were recognized when the samples were stored over 24 and 20 days at $20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Therefore, the storage temperature affected the quality of orange juices more markedly than the pasteurization temperature, and the storage at lower temperature appears to reduce the deterioration of orange juices.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.685-693
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• 2017

This study aims to effectively respond to urban local rainstorms by classifying the risk against flood damage for each use district. The risk classification is based on sensitivity analysis of the socio-economic damage caused by local rainstorms in Changwon city, Korea by a Fuzzy model using data, such as the districts that provide institutional bases for land use, land prices, which estimate the property values, and floor area ratios, which measures the density and areas of flood damage. The analysis result indicated that flood damage in five districts of Changwon (Masan happo-gu, Masan Hoewon-gu, Sungsan-gu, Euichang-gu, and Jinhae-gu) is highest in the order of commercial areas, residential areas, industrial areas, and forests, which was attributed to high land price and floor area ratio of commercial areas. On the other hand, specific analysis in Masan Hoewon-gu and Sungsan-gu was different from the previous result, indicating that the risk against flood damage may vary according to the districts depending on their local conditions. The analysis from this study can be applied to future urban planning and be used as a guideline to estimate the potential flood damage. Overall, this study is meaningful in that it proposes an effective management of land use as a new resolution to mitigate of urban flood damage within a broader perspective of climate change and urbanization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.900-905
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• 2001

In this study, the levels of insoluble dietary fiber(IDF) and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in Perilla frutescens seed were quantified and antimutageinc effects of perilla seeds extracts (method extract, hexane extract, methanol soluble fraction and dietary fiber)was carried out IDF and SDF values of perilla seeds were 16.1% and 1.1% , respectively, with 17.2 of total fiber content. Among the solvent extracts of perilla seeds, methanol extract and methanol soluble fraction (MSF) effectively inhibited the mutagenicity induced by aflatoxin B$_{1}$(AFB$_{1}$)in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, Methanol extract of perilla seeds showed 91% inhibition against AFB$_{1}$ mutagen under the 2.5 mg/assay concentration, and MSF inhibited the mutagenicity of 87% by adding 1.25,g/assay. However, perilla seed extracts showed low inhibition rate on the mutagenicity induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitosoguanidine(MNNG). And also, SDF and hexane extracts from perilla seeds did not show the antimutagenic effects against AFB$_{1}$ and MNNG. On the hand, IDF extracted from perilla seeds inhibited 21% of mutagenicity induced Trp-P-2 due to the carcinogen binding effect.