• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.993-1003
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• 2011

Objectives : This study is designed to identify the need for an efficient infection control plan in the curriculum of Dept. of Dental Hygiene and encourage dental hygienists to be more attentive to infection control by analyzing their personal protective measures, hand-washing frequency and other factors relating to infection control. Methods : A survey was conducted of 471 dental hygienists in general hospitals, dental clinics and dental hospitals in City of Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do from December 20, 2009 to February 21, 2010. Results : 1. Among those who worked for more than 11 years, personal protection (3.79) and hand-washing frequency (3.90) factors were rated high (p<0.05). 2. When surveyed by workplace, personal protection was high in general hospitals (3.75) while hand-washing frequency was high in dental clinics (3.74). 3. Among those who received infection control education more than three times, personal protection (4.07) and hand-washing frequency (3.80) were high (p<0.05). 4. Personal protection-related factors were general hospital workers, necessity of infection control education and awareness on infectious disease (p<0.05), while factors associated with hand-washing frequency were number of patients per day, whether or not infection control-related class is given at school, necessity of infection control education and awareness on infectious disease (p<0.05). Conclusions : To enhance awareness of infection control, it may be necessary to addan infection control-related class to the school curriculum and provide the necessity of conducting continuous and systematic infection control education through newly entering staff training and education of dental practitioners.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the hand washing management and tooth brushing frequency. Methods : The subjects in this study were 7,285 adults who were selected from the third-year(2009) raw data of the fourth national health & nutrition survey. Results : The mean frequency of daily toothbrushing was 3.35. Increases the frequency of both toothbrushing and hand washing with higher grade class. The higher the tooth brushing frequency, the intention of hand washing management at school and home was more increased. Conclusions : This study can contribute to the general health and oral health promotion.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.537-545
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• 2014

We conducted a study to access the effectiveness of glove and washing hands for the prevention of microbial contamination during the dental clinical practice. Microbial numbers at unwashed hands and gloves were $9.938{\time}10^3(CFU)/ml$, those at washed with soap were $9.44{\time}10^3CFU/ml$ And those at washed with a typical liquid soap including disinfectant, Dettol (Reckitt Benckiser, Slough, SL1 3UH, UK) were $6.58{\time}10^2CFU/ml$. In case of unwashed hand and hand washing with soap had similar microbial numbers and in case of hand washing with Dettol showed a rapid decrease of microbial number. Hand washing with Dettol was effective to prevent microbial contamination than hand washing with soap. Also microbial numbers in all case wearing gloves decreased. It showed effectiveness of gloves for prevention of microbial contamination. In addition to microbial numbers showed a tendency to increase from 3 hours on wearing gloves, the change of new gloves after 3 hours on wearing is necessary to minimize the danger of microbial contamination.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2010

Hand-washing is one of the major factors in personal hygiene and public health. This study was undertaken to investigate the hygienic behavior of food-service employees, focusing on awareness of hand washing, hand washing practices, and the load of index microorganisms (aerobic plate count, total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) on the hands of food-service employees. A questionnaire survey completed by direct interview, direct observation of restrooms by the researcher and trained observers, and microbiological examination according to the Food Code of Korea were carried out. In the survey, a positive attitude toward hand washing compliance was reported; however, improper hand washing and poor hand hygiene of the food-service employees were seen under direct observation. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the questionnaire survey and the direct observations in hand washing compliance after using the toilet, duration of hand washing, use of hand washing agents, use of hand washing tools, washing of different parts of the hands, hand-drying method, temperature of water, and method of turning off the water. Samples taken from employees' hands before washing showed higher levels of bacteria than those taken during work and/or after washing (p<0.05). Poor hand washing practices were indicated by the positive results for total and fecal coliforms, E. coli, and S. aureus on the hands of some food-service employees. This study showed that there is a marked difference between the food-service employees' awareness of hand-washing and their actual hand-washing practices. The poor hand hygiene of and improper hand washing by the food-service employees should be addressed for improved food safety.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2012

The hand hygiene behavior of 400 middle school students (grades 1-3) in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do was studied to determine how stages of change were affected by food safety education, focusing on hand hygiene and general food safety. Subjects were 51.3% male and 44.3% of study subjects were first graders of middle school. Approximately 40% of subjects were at the stage of action, 42.7% were at the stage of contemplation, and 16.4% were at pre-contemplation. The most important factor that influenced proper hand washing was self efficacy ($P$ < 0.001). Proper hand washing was also correlated significantly with positive belief ($P$ < 0.01) and stages of change ($P$ < 0.01). After food safety education by high-school mentors, middle-school students who were in the stages of pre-contemplation (11.1%) and contemplation (88.9%) showed significant progression toward the action stage ($P$ < 0.001). Proper hand washing ($P$ < 0.01) and food safety knowledge ($P$ < 0.05) were also significantly increased after educational intervention.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine influential factors related to hand washing practice in dental hygienists by health belief model, one of the major predictors of health behavior including perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and cues to action. Methods : The subjects were dental hygienists in dental hospitals, dental clinics, general hospitals and university hospitals in Seoul. A survey was conducted from May 1 to September 30, 2011. Results : Analysis of health belief of dental hygienists in hand washing, they revealed the highest marks of 4.39 to perceived benefits, followed by perceived susceptibility(4.29), perceived seriousness(3.94), cues to action(3.30) and perceived barriers(1.81). The mean was 4.13 in hand washing practice. The senior and well educated dental hygienists in general hospitals had a tendency to wash hands frequently. It is statistically significant(p<0.05). In regard to the correlation among the subfactors of health beliefs, susceptibility had a statistically significant positive correlation to seriousness, benefits and cues to action, and seriousness was positively correlated to benefits and cues to action. Conclusions : It is necessary to develop and implement hand washing education program for dental hygienists focusing on perceived benefits and barriers which are two of the health beliefs affecting the hand washing practice.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.351-362
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• 2019

Objectives: The study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the maturity of dental biofilm, which was assessed with quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital(QLF-D), in a sample of Korean older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 67 participants, aged 65 years and older. All participants completed a questionnaire and tests to measure their manual dexterity and handgrip strength, which are parameters that indicate hand function abilities. To evaluate dental biofilm maturity, 804 surfaces of six index teeth were imaged using QLF-D and then quantified as ${\Delta}R$ values. All data were collected from May 25, 2017 to April 30, 2018. The independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and step-wise multiple linear regression were performed to analyze the factors associated with the maturity of dental biofilm (${\Delta}R$). Results: The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the factor most strongly related to dental biofilm maturity(${\Delta}R$) was manual dexterity (${\beta}=-0.326$), followed by handgrip strength (${\beta}=-0.303$) and use of interdental cleaning devices (${\beta}=-0.283$) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Manual dexterity, handgrip strength, and use of interdental cleaning devices are factors that can predict dental biofilm maturity in adults aged 65 years or older. Therefore, the hand function of a patient should be evaluated first, before assessing the oral hygiene status of the patient or providing him/her with oral health education, and the dental hygienist should provide differentiated oral hygiene care depending on the patient's hand function ability. Finally, dental hygienists should help older adults to recognize the importance of auxiliary oral hygiene devices such as interdental brushes and keep motivating them to use the devices more frequently.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.215-224
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• 2014

Purpose: The study was to survey personal hygiene practice related to genito-urinary tract and menstrual hygiene management in female adolescents in order to obtain basic information for health education. Methods: With a descriptive survey design, 389 adolescents were recruited via convenience sampling in Korea. Survey instrument was the feminine and menstrual hygiene practice and perception of vaginal douching. Data were collected from a self-administered structured questionnaire. Results: Mean age of adolescents was 16.09 and menarche was at 13.21. While washing hands after urination/defecation was highly performed, wipe front to back and wash with soap and water were reported as being not well done. Twenty-eight percent reported douching habit. More positive beliefs about douching were reported by adolescents who practiced douching. Menstrual hygiene management was very appropriate with changing sanitary pads regularly with hand washing; but less performed for limiting bathing activity during menstrual periods and washing hands after activity of genito-urinary area. Conclusion: Some adolescents practiced inadequate hygiene practices especially for body cleansing during menstrual period and vaginal douching. It is important to develop and implement school health education programs on feminine and personal hygiene for adolescents to help them perform adequate health behaviors.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.191-198
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• 2022

This study was to provide education on hand hygiene and personal protective equipment(PPE) to nursing students and to investigate the effects of knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. This was a single group, pre-post quasi-experimental design. This study was conducted from October 28 to November 30, 2021 using a structured questionnaire targeting 18 students in the 3rd year of college nursing. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics and paired t-test. As a result of the study, hand hygiene knowledge (t=3.33, p=.004) and PPE knowledge (t= -11.02, p<.001) significantly increased through hand hygiene and PPE education, and attitude toward personal protective equipment (t =-2.76, p=.013) and self-efficacy (t=-3.69, p=.002) all significantly increased. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is considered necessary to develop a systematic and repetitive hand hygiene and personal protective equipment education program, and it will be used as basic data for program development.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

Purpose: This observational study was aimed to determine the influence of the Hawthorne effect on the adherence to hand hygiene (HH) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in South Korea. Methods: HCWs were monitored in 2 periods regarding adherence to HH when there were indications for HH. In first period, HCWs recognized that their behavior of hand hygiene being observed (overt observation), and did not recognize in second period (covert observation). Results: The overall difference in HH rate between two periods was 45.0% point (77.8% vs 32.8%). There were significant differences between profession but in nurse aids. The differences in HH rate between two periods were 46.1% point in nurses, 29.9% point in physicians, 64.0% in radiologists, 62.5% point in laboratory technicians, 36.4% point in physio-therapist, and 1.0% point in nurse aids. The Hawthorne effect on the adherence to HH lasted more than 3 months. Conclusion: The Hawthorne effect markedly influence on the adherence to HH regardless of profession except nurse aids. Therefore, Hawthorne effect can be useful tool to improve and sustain the adherence to HH among HCWs in South Korea.