• Korean Journal of Hydrosciences
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• 제4권
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• pp.105-116
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• 1993

Areal Reduction Factor(ARF) has been developed and used to convert point Rainfall intensity-Duration-Frequency(I-D-F) to areal I-D-F in many countries. In Korea, though ARF was estimated in Han river basin by several researchers, it has some limitations to apply to other regions due to low denisity of rainfall gauging station and shortage of data. In this study ARF has been developed in area of relatively high density of rainfall gauging station, i.e., Pyungchang river(Han river), Wi stream(Nakdong river), and Bochung stream(Guem river) basin by geographically fixed-area method. And coefficient of variation of mean annual precipitation was presented to use ARE in other areas and its applicability was analyzed.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 상수원수의 부식성을 평가하기 위한 부식평가 지수 산정 프로그램을 개발하였다. 이를 한강 및 낙동강 수계에 적용하였을 때, 부식촉진 인자인 황산이온은 한강 수계에서 보다 낙동강 수계에서 더 높았으며, 부식제한 인자인 칼슘과 경도 또한 낙동강 수계가 높은 것으로 나타났다. LI와 CCPP를 산정한 결과를 요약하면 한강 수계의 수질이 부식성이 강한 즉, 부식을 촉진시키는 경향이 강한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 더불어 본 연구에서는 수돗물에 알칼리제를 주입하여 탄산칼슘 포화지수의 부식성을 평가한 결과, LI와 RI의 경우 $Ca(OH)_2$ > NaOH > ${Na_2}{CO_3}$ > $CaCO_3$의 순으로 포화상태를 유지하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.963-969
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• 2011

주요 하천 유역 퇴적토의 토양물리성과 화학성을 파악하여 농업적 활용에 있어서 토양환경적 안정성을 평가하기 위하여 2009년부터 2010년까지 한강 16개소, 금강 32개소, 영산강 27개소, 낙동강 144개소로 28개 시군의 219개소의 하천표토에서 50 cm까지 시료를 채취하였다. 하천토사의 입자밀도는 $2.63Mg\;m^{-3}$ 이상으로 $2.60{\sim}2.69Mg\;m^{-3}$의 범위이었으며, 입경은 평균 0.7 mm로 0.075~0.85 mm 범위에 분포하고 있었다. 유역별 토사의 입경분포를 살펴보면, 한강과 금강에서는 0.075~0.85 mm 범위에 입자가 주로 분포하였으며, 금강과 영산강에서는 0.25~0.85 mm 범위에 입자로 입경이 큰 입자의 분포비율이 높았다. 하천 토사의 평균 화학성은 pH 6.3, EC $0.16dS\;m^{-1}$, 유기물 $8g\;kg^{-1}$, 유효인산 $101mg\;kg^{-1}$, 치환성 칼륨, 칼슘 및 마그네슘은 각각 0.39, 3.47, $0.93cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$이었으며, 유역별로는 한강유역에서 pH, 금강유역에서 염농도 (EC), 유효인산과 치환성 나트륨이, 영산강유역에서 유기물, 치환성 칼슘과 마그네슘이, 낙동강 유역에서는 치환성 칼륨이 각각 높았다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.4739-4749
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• 1978

This studies were conducted to derive synthetic unitgraphs and triangular unitgraphs correlated with watershed characteristics which can be used to the estimation and control of flood for the rational development of Agricultural water resources. Derived Synthetic unitgraphs and Triangular unitgraphs can be applied to the ungaged watersheds were compared with average unitgraphs by observed data. Seven small watersheds were selected as studying basins Han, Geum, Nakdong, Yeongsan and Inchon river system. The results summarized for these studies are as follows: 1. Average unitgraphs by observed data and dimensionless unitgraphs for synthesis were derived for all river systems. 2. Peak discharge per unit area of the unitgraph, qp, was derived as qp=10-0.389-0.0424Lg with a high significance. 3. Formulas for the base width of unitgraph of 50 and 75 percent for peak flow for each water systems was adopted as Table 5. 4. The base length of the unitgraph, Tb, in hours in connection with time to peak, Tp, in hours was expressed as Tb =4.3Tp. 5. Peak discharge, Qp, were obtained as Table 6 by the Triangular form to all subwatersheds. 6. Relative errors in the peak discharge of the synthetic unitgraphs showed to be 7.3 percent to the peak of observed average unitgraphs except errors of peak discharge for Yeongsan river system. This indicates that Synthetic unitgraphs for the small watersheds of Han, Geum, Nakdong and Inchon river systems can be applied to the ungaged watersheds. On the other hand, It was confirmed that the accuracy of Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph with only 1.6 percent as relative errors was approaching more closely to the observed average unitgraph than that of synthetic unitgraph with relative errors. 23.9 percent for Yeongsan river system. 7. Errors in the peak discharge of the triangular unitgraph to the observed average unitgraph showed to be 0.6 percent to 7.5 percent which can be regarded as a high precision within the range of 200 to 500$\textrm{km}^2$ in area. On the contrary, application of triangular unitgraph within the range of 200$\textrm{km}^2$ in area has defined as a unsuitable method because of high relative errors, 26.4 percent to 61.6 percent.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2004년도 학술발표회
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• pp.908-911
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the applicability of the two dimensional model in natural rivers. In this study, two dimensional unite element model, SMS, is used to simulate a complex flow along with the sediment movements in the natural river. The RMA-2 model embeded in SMS is used to simulate flow phenomena and SED-2D model is employed to simulate sediment transport. The model is applied to the confluence zone of the Gam River and mouth of Nakdong River. For model calibration, the result of the unsteady flow analysis is compared with the Typhoon 'Rusa' data. In addition, the runoff analysis was conducted for the determination of the project flood and the flood forecasting. The simulation results presented the characteristics of two dimensional flow with velocity vector and flow depth. The sediment transport characteristics are shown in terms of sediment concentration as well as bed elevation change. Accordingly, the SMS model in this study turned out to be very effective tool for the simulation of the hydrodynamic characteristics under the various flow conditions and corresponding sediment transports in natural rivers.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

납자루 Acheilognathus lanceolatus의 유전 변이와 집단 구조를 알아보기 한국의 5개 집단(한강과 금강, 동진강, 섬진강, 낙동강)과 일본의 1개 집단(Katsura River)을 대상으로 AFLP 분석을 수행하였다. 5개의 선택적 프라이머 조합에 의 해 검출된 집단별 유효 밴드의 수는 345~374개였으며, 다형성 밴드 수는 55 (15.0%)~131 (24.9%)개였다. 평균 유전적 다양성은 낙동강 집단이 가장 높은 값을 보였고 한강 집단이 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 계통도 상에서 각 수계별로 채집된 개체는 각 집단별로 함께 분기하으며, 이들은 높은 bootstrap 값으로 지지되는 2개의 단계통군 또는 집단 그룹으로 나누어졌다. 한편 유전적 분화도($F_{ST}$)는 모든 집단 간에 유의적 차이를 보였다(P<0.01). 집단 그룹 간의 유전적 변이 수준을 알아보기 위해 AMOVA 분석을 실시한 결과 총 25.49%의 변이(P<0.01)을 보여 이들 집단 그룹은 유전적으로 명확히 구분되었다.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.274-294
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• 2007

우리나라 하구의 개수를 파악하기 위해서는 하천의 개수를 파악하는 방법으로 접근할 필요가 있다. 하천의 개수를 파악하는 방법은 하천법에서 규정되어 있는 하천분류기준(국가하천, 지방1급하천, 지방2급하천)을 따르는 것이 바람직할 것으로 사료된다. 우리나라의 국가하천 규모의 하구는 한강(+임진강+례성강), 안성천, 삽교천, 금강, 만경강, 동진강, 영산강, 탐진강, 섬진강, 가화천, 낙동강(+서낙동강), 태화강, 형산강 하구로 총13개(서낙동강, 임진강 분리하는 경우 총15개)이며, 지방1급하천 규모의 하구는 영덕오십천, 삼척오십천, 강릉남대천, 양양남대천 하구로 총4개이다. 반면, 우리나라 연안의 지방2급하천 규모의 하구는 모두 444개(제주도 포함)로 파악되었다. 행정구역별로는 전라남도 108개, 경상남도 94개, 충청남도 52개, 제주도 35개 순으로 파악되었으며, 서해안을 포함한 인위적인 구조물 및 연안개발사업으로 인하여 하구의 기능을 상실한 것으로 판단되는 하구(과거의 하구)가 포함되어 있으며, 하천의 종점이 조정(변경)되는 경우도 발생하기 때문에 분류하는 사람에 따라 다소 차이가 발생 할 수 도 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.71-88
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• 2020

This study modified the properties and boundaries of the inland wetland types through the structural edit of the National Wetland DB, and analyzed the characteristics of the different land cover by area and the entire inland wetlands of South Korea. The inland wetlands of the Gangwon Basin had a small area of waters. In addition, the ratio of natural barren was high, reflecting the characteristics of the upper reaches of the large river in the east and west part of Gangwon Province. The Geum River Basin had a high percentage of aggregate land due to the development of large alluvial land, and the ratio of artistic barren was low, so various ecosystem service of wetland elements were distributed evenly. The Nakdong River Basin had a high proportion of waters as water level in the channel rose due to the installation of 4 Major Rivers Beam, and the ratio of Natural barren was low. Moreover, the water level of the main attributes flowing into the Nakdong River drainage system was not high, so the ratio of vegetation concentration was high. The Yeongsan River Basin showed that Waters had the high proportion. And the distribution of Natural barrens represented differently according to the Yeongsan River Basin and the Seomjin River Basin. Finally, Sand and Gravels supplied to rivers during precipitation were deposited in the main stream of the Han River Basin, and the differences between the side and high side was large in the area, reflecting the characteristics of the mouth of a river, so the Natural barren of Clay was distributed.

• 물과 미래
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1996

낙동강 하류부에서의 오니준설에 따른 수질영향분석을 위해서 QUAL2E 모형에 의한 해석을 실시하였다. 남지에서 하구언 구간에 대해서 다양한 유량조건에 대한 수리학적 부등류 해석을 실시하였다. 최적의 반응계수 추정을 위해서 BFGS 기법에 의한 해석을 실시하였고, 이것을 기초로 모형의 검증을 실시하였다. 낙동강 하류부의 오니 준설에 따른 주요 지점별 BOD 및 DO에 대한 수질개선 효과를 저수량, 평수량 그리고 대안조건에 대해서 실시하고 그 결과를 제시하였는데 하상하오니의 제거가 수질개선에 미치는 효과는 비교큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.40-50
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• 2017

We were interested in the long-term temporal and spatial variability trends of water quality. Trend tests such as the Seasonal and Regional Kendall tests and LOWESS (LOcally WEighted Scatter plot Smoother) have been recommended as outstanding tools for trend detection. In this study, we conducted four types of nonparametric trend tests (Seasonal and Regional Kendall tests, LOWESS, and flow-adjusted Seasonal Kendall). We aimed to identify water quality trends using the monthly data for five variables (BOD, COD, TN, TP, and flow) collected from 24 sites in the Nakdong River from August 2004 to December 2013. According to the Regional Kendall test, BOD, COD, and TN increased but TP decreased trend. The Seasonal Kendall test showed that BOD, TN, and TP remained constant at 62.5-83.3% of the sites. COD remained constant at 58.3% of the sites. LOWESS showed that TP gradually increased between 2007 and 2008, then decreased slowly at the Gumi, Geumhogang6, Daeam-1 and Milyanggang3 sites. BOD increased slightly between 2008 and 2009, and then decreased slowly at the Namgang4-1 site. Lastly, a flow-adjusted Seasonal Kendall test was conducted. There were different results between Seasonal Kendall and flow-adjusted Seasonal Kendall tests at 11 of the 24 sites. According to the results from six of the eleven sites, BOD increased at one site, showed no trends at three sited, and decreased at two sites. Each of COD, TN increased at two, one site. but TP decreased at two sites.