• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2001

Chunghahk-dong is located in a retired spot, Jiri Mountain and has been built up its won religion and culture without any exchange outside world. People in Chunghahk-dong believe in a religion called Genjungyutaosim. Forming a trinity on which mind is Taoism, body is Buddhism, and behavior is confucianism. These are the principle elements to form a village. They made their own unique cultural factor such as longhaired boys and girls, wearing traditional cloths and hat, a monastic life, folk mores and family rituals, and private school system. This shows a great deal of affection on their life style and organization and is closely connected with community and culture. Grasping a culture and behavior on clothing, it has propose to understand Chunghahk-dong properly according to this study. A method of study has a purpose to understand culture and clothing behavior precisely in Chunghahk-dong. I inquire ito clothing behavior with investigation and study of picture script. The results are as followed; People in Chunghahk-dong show unique clothing and hair style behavior based on Genjungyutao. First, men and women wear a white cloth called HanBok(Korean costume) and footwear made of rubber. Only men wear a blue vest. A grown up men wear a long coat when they go out. They are dressed in tractional cloth for a ceremonial occasion. The reason why they put on the HanBok(Korean costume) is a belief on our traditional cloth becomes a standard dress in the future. They believe Korea becomes a standard dress in the future. They believe Korea becomes a standard dress in the future. They believe Korea become a leading country in the world. This clothing behavior is symbol of Genjungyutao and has a role of delivery system for expressing their split. Second, In sign of being a Genjungyutao men, they let their grow hair. Cutting hair is not to be a Genjungyutao men any more. There is few reason that people in Chunghahk-dong let grow their hair : First, because of importance in TanGun's ideology, they believe Korea is a first nation in the world and can't cut their hair which has grown from TanGun (The founding father of the Koran nation) Chosun traditionally. Second, Cutting their hair runs counter to the principle of nature. Third, They value their body for confucianism. They don't want to damage their body because of body from their parents. Boys and girls braid and tie up their hair and adult tie a topknot and a chignon. Wearing a YouGun(A horsehair skullcap) at home and Kat(A Korean top hat) when going out, they express as a Genjungyutao. Hemp cloth and synthetic fibers are main clothes. Also, they wear an improved HanBok(Korean costume) these days on influence outside.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2001

This study was purposed to see how men's hair styles of Japan had changed throughout history and results of the study was as follows. There are such evidences as topknots in its primitive styles and wooden combs that several hair styles were tried already in the primitive Jomon Period. In the Yayoi period, bare topknot style without crowns and Mizura style in which hair drop down both ears were popular. In the period of ancient burial mounds, Mizura style was dominative style and varied its form and shape according to classes and status. In the Aska and Nara era, topknot-in-the-crown style in which hair bound in one as in continental style and put in crown or hood, which style was influenced by the Sui and the Tang periods of China. Since the Heian period, topknot-in-the-Ebosi style, binding style, and Karawa style as well as topknot-in-the-crown style came in sight and Sakayaki style became popular in the Kamakura and Muromachi periods. In the Momoyama period, Chasenmage style and Ichomage style were spread widely. In the early Edo era, Wakashumage style and Yaromage style as well as Ichomage style were preferred. In the middle of Edo era in which form and shape of topknot was more distinct symbol of class, status and job than in any other period, Tachmach style under the influence of the Punkin and Honda modes. Sonno style was popular in the late Edo era. There was a drastic disappearance of topknot style by the hair-cutting order during the Meiji Restoration period and civilized hair style of the Jankiri style, a kind of dishevelled hair style without making a topknot was in fashion and continued to the present.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2020

일반적으로 모발에 웨이브를 형성시키기 위해서 시술하는 퍼머넌트 웨이브 중에서도 가장 자연스럽고 탄력있는 웨이브를 얻기 위해서 열을 이용한 시술을 선호한다. 이에 본 연구는 퍼머넌트 웨이브 시술시 사용되는 로드의 열 형성도에 따라서 모발에 미치는 표면적인 모발의 손상도를 주사전자현미경을 활용하여 측정하였다. 로드의 열 형성이 웨이브에 미치는 영향력을 알아보기 위해 열 로드에서 전달되는 온도를 측정하고 웨이브를 시술하여 웨이브 된 둥근 모양의 형태대로 모발을 절단한 후 처치를 하였다. 주사전자현미경 관찰에서 뜨거운 열이 직접적으로 닿은 부분은 모발이 끊어진 것을 확인할 수 있었는데 끊어진 면이 매끄러운 현상을 보였다. 본 연구의 결과로는 퍼머넌트 웨이브시에 사용되는 열 로드는 열 전달이 로드 전체에 고르게 전달되는 특성을 가지고 있는 재질을 활용하고 로드의 구조 또한 중요함을 인식하고 미용 업계에서 활발한 연구가 이뤄져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.394-399
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• 2013

가정 하수구의 주요 오물은 난분해성 모발로서 이것이 하수의 악취를 막기 위한 유트랩 장치에 다량으로 쌓이게 된다. 이러한 오물은 물의 흐름을 막는 현상을 일으키기 때문에 대부분의 가정에서 이를 해결하기 위해 상업적으로 제조된 화학적 분해 용액을 하수구에 과량 투입하여 하수구의 막힘 현상을 해결하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 난분해성 케로틴 단백질이 주성분인 모발을 절단 분쇄하는 장치를 개발하여 실험하였다. 실험을 위하여 모발을 효과적으로 절단할 수 있는 절단 분쇄장치를 설계하였으며 그 절단 성능을 실험적인 방법을 통해 규명하였다. 모발 절단 분쇄 장치의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 섬유다발을 부분 절단한 후 무게를 측정하는 방법을 사용하여 절단 모발의 평균길이를 구하였다. 이 방법은 비교적 간단한 무게 측정 방법을 통해 섬유상의 평균 길이를 구하는 것인데, 이를 모발에 적용하여 평균 모발 길이를 크지 않은 오차 범위에서 구할 수 있었다. 또한, 평균절단수를 정의하여 본 연구를 위해 고안된 모발 절단 분쇄 장치의 성능을 평가하였다. 평균절단수 분석 방법을 적용하여 주어진 실험 조건에서 최적의 구조와 최적의 작동시간을 구하는 기준을 제시할 수 있었다. 이러한 실험 방법과 결과는 섬유형태 물질의 절단 분쇄가 필요한 다른 장치에서도 설계와 분석에 사용할 수 있는 하나의 좋은 예시가 될 것이다. 본 연구에서 고안된 절단 분쇄 장치가 실험을 통하여 효과적으로 모발을 절단 분쇄하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 장치를 일반 가정에 설치하여 보급함으로써 최근 심각해지고 있는 하수구에 의한 수질환경 오염 방지에도 효과적인 도움이 될 것이다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.422-434
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to describe the degree of satisfaction at day care center's services and the degree of relationship between each service and overall satisfaction. The data collection was performed from July 1, 1999 to July 15, 1999. And total 199 elderly clients were interviewed in Koksung-kun. The results of the study is as follows: 1. The percentage of satisfactory response at transport service was 95.2%, food supply 94.3%, bath 93.2%, hair cutting 90.8%, physical therapy 90.2%, medical treatment 89.3%. And oriental medical treatment 82.0%. 2. For question of the degree of satifaction at day care service, the distribution of answer was 75.1% in exellent. 15.5% in good, 3.6% in moderate, 3.6% in poor, 2.1% in most poor. 3. The subjective satisfaction was not significantly different by sex, age, the presence or absence of religious, educational level, the presence or absence of family and economic level. 4. A significant association between the program satisfaction and the subjective satisfaction was observed: odds ratios were 26.9 in food supply, 26.4 in luncheon supply, 17.4 in bath, and 14.5 in hair cutting. The following is suggestion based on results of this study: A service program should be developed to fit conditions of rural elderies by specifically analyzing needs of the elderly.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.677-688
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to find out the symbolism of religious costume which has showed the religious belief system through costume practice and culture. Indian Religious costume each has its own mark was investigated in this study. In India, religion is a way of life. It is an integral part of the entire Indian tradition. The results were as follows; India's several main religions are Hinduism(About 80% of population) , Islam (About 11% of population) , Sikhism(less than 2% of population) , Jainism(less than 1% of population) , Buddhism(less than 1% of population) and Christianity(About 3% of population but excluding here) Religious faith system which symbolized Godhood, spiritualty, ascetics, restraint, chastity, sacred and dignity gave a certain shape to each color, ornaments, dressing and marking of religion costume. In connection with religion costumes, there were Hindu's Tika, sacred ash, long hair, knot and holy band (Yajnopavita) , Buddhist's kayysa and tonsures, Jams' no covering, Muslim's chador and skullcap, Sikh's turban (with no cutting hair) , comb, steel bracelet, drawers, sword or dagger. The characteristics, head especially of thebody and white in the colors were made much account for India religion costume. Traditional costume seems to be worn at the present times in India. But apparently these costume associated with religion costume because of Hindu more than 80% of population.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.223-225
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• 2007

Many plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) have been known for beneficial effects on plants including biological control of soilborne pathogens, induced systemic resistance to plant pathogens, phytohormone production, and improvement of nutrient and water uptake of plants. We developed a simple and rapid method for screening potential PGPR, especially phytohormone producing rhizobacteria, or for analyzing their functions in plant growth using cucumber seedling cuttings. Surface-sterilized cucumber seeds were grown in a plastic pot containing steamed vermiculite. After 7 days of cultivation, the upper part 2 cm in length of cucumber seedling, was cut and used as cucumber cuttings. The base of cutting stem was then dipped in a microcentrifuge tube containing 1.5ml of a bacterial suspension and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ with a fluorescent light for 10 days. Number and length of developed adventitious roots from cucumber cuttings were examined. The seedling cuttings showed various responses to the isolates tested. Some isolates resulted in withering at the day of examination or in reduced number of roots developed. Several isolates stimulated initial development of adventitious roots showing more adventitious root hair number than that of untreated cuttings, while some isolate had more adventitious root hair number and longer adventitious roots than that of untreated control. Similar results were obtained from the trial with rose cuttings. Our results suggest that this bioassay method may provide a useful way for differentiating PGPR's functions involved in the development of root system.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.373-377
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• 2005

The work of hairdressers includes washing, coloring, bleaching, permanent waving, conditioning, and cutting hair. Hairdressers are subjected to a number of physical and toxicological hazards. The toxicological hazards are those resulting from exposure to a wide range of chemicals and from chemicals are usually classified active processes. In this study, twenty beauty shops were selected to assess the exposure to indoor air pollutants such as VOCS and particulate matter($PM_{10}$) during one month from September 1 to September 30, 2003. Indoor air quality of beauty shops might be worse by vehicle emissions because the beauty shops were generally located near roadways. Personal exposures to VOCs and PM lo were related to indoor concentrations of beauty shops. According to the questionnaire, hairdressers complained of sore throat, eye irritation, and nervousness as physical symptoms. Conclusively, customers as well as workers in the beauty shops might be highly exposed to air pollutants from indoor sources and outdoor sources. Therefore, proper management methods should be taken to improve the indoor air quality in beauty shops.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.69-81
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• 1970

These studies were carried out on 176 persons ranging in age from 20 to 50 years to determine the basal metabolic rates, energy expenditure of various activities, and daily energy expenditure of service personnel in Korea. The measurements of basal metabolic rates were made on 42 subjects by indirect calorimetry using a Douglas' bag and Scholander's gas analyzer. The energy expenditures of various activities of daily life were also measured. The greatest increase in ratio of energy expenditure in the basis of resting metabolism was 277.3% in floor sopping and the least was 40.9% during hair cutting by beauticians. The assessment of the dailly energy expenditure for each subject was made by the factorial method, using a record of their activities throughout each of 24 hours of every survey day. Certain activities were recorded in minute units. The total daily energy expenditure is the sum of all energy expenditure. This was calculated by multiplying the caloric value of the metabolic rate by the time spent on each activity. The result of the total daily energy expenditure records for 17 occupations are summarized. In respect to the daily energy expenditure, most of the occupations are moderate or light work. But the janiter (F), laundress, cook (F), room maid and nurse's aid do heavy work.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2006

The work of hairdressers includes washing, coloring, bleaching, permanent waving, conditioning, and cutting hair. Hairdressers are subjected to a number of physical and toxicological hazards. The toxicological hazards are those resulting from exposure to a wide range of chemicals that are usually classified active processes. In this study, twenty beauty shops were selected to assess the exposure to indoor air pollutants such as VOCs and particulate matter $(PM_{10})$ during one month from September 1 to September 30, 2003. Indoor air quality of beauty shops might be worse by vehicle emissions because the beauty shops were generally located near roadways. Personal exposures to VOCs and $PM_{10}$ were related to indoor concentrations of beauty shops. According to the questionnaire, hairdressers complained of sore throat, eye irritation, and nervousness as physical symptoms. The measured mean concentrations of respiratory particulates were $30.5ng/m^3$ in indoor, $30.5ng/m^3$ in outdoor and $44.0ng/m^3$ on personal levels. The personal concentration was found higher than indoor and outdoor concentrations. The heavy metals mean concentrations were shown as indoor (Na>Zn>Cr), outdoor (Cr>Zn>Pb), and personal (Na>Cr>Zn) levels. Conclusively, customers as well as workers in the beauty shops might be highly exposed to air pollutants from indoor and outdoor sources. Therefore, proper management should be taken to improve the indoor air quality in beauty shops.