• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2020

본 연구는 제주지역에 분포하는 선인장에 대하여 형태학적 특성 비교를 통하여 종을 분류하고 오동정을 바로잡는데 목적을 두고 있다. 연구 결과 제주도에 자생하는 것으로 보고되어 온 Opuntia ficus-indica 또는 Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten은 Opuntia stricta인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 종의 형태학적 비교에서 O. stricta는 기존 보고 종에 비해 식물크기, 엽상경의 형태, 꽃과 열매의 색, 자좌의 특징 등에서 분명한 차이를 보이는 것으로 확인하였다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 분류군의 학명을 Opuntia stricta로 정정하고, 국명으로 '해안선인장'을 명명할 것을 제안한다. 나아가 다양한 연구문헌 및 국가 생물다양성 운영기관에서도 종의 오동정를 확인하고 이를 수정하는 작업이 필요함을 제시하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2001

Several quaternary pyridinium cephalosporin analogues were prepared analogues were Prepared and evaluated in vitro for antibacterial activity against selected Gram-positive and Cram-negative organisms. Most of the synthesized analogues were either as effective or less effective against the tested bacterial organ isms than the reference com pounds, Cefpirome and Ceftazidime.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2013

Objectives: The goal of this study was to perform an economic analysis of a primary stenting with drug-eluting stents (DES) compared with bare-metal stents (BMS) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) admitted through an emergency room (ER) visit in Korea using population-based data. Methods: We employed a cost-minimization method using a decision analytic model with a two-year time period. Model probabilities and costs were obtained from a published systematic review and population-based data from which a retrospective database analysis of the national reimbursement database of Health Insurance Review and Assessment covering 2006 through 2010 was performed. Uncertainty was evaluated using one-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: Among 513 979 cases with AMI during 2007 and 2008, 24 742 cases underwent stenting procedures and 20 320 patients admitted through an ER visit with primary stenting were identified in the base model. The transition probabilities of DES-to-DES, DES-to-BMS, DES-to-coronary artery bypass graft, and DES-to-balloon were 59.7%, 0.6%, 4.3%, and 35.3%, respectively, among these patients. The average two-year costs of DES and BMS in 2011 Korean won were 11 065 528 won/person and 9 647 647 won/person, respectively. DES resulted in higher costs than BMS by 1 417 882 won/person. The model was highly sensitive to the probability and costs of having no revascularization. Conclusions: Primary stenting with BMS for AMI with an ER visit was shown to be a cost-saving procedure compared with DES in Korea. Caution is needed when applying this finding to patients with a higher level of severity in health status.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.274-281
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• 2018

A previous study in humans demonstrated the sustained inhibitory effects of donepezil on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity; however, the effective concentration of donepezil in humans and animals is unclear. This study aimed to characterize the effective concentration of donepezil on AChE inhibition and impaired learning and memory in rodents. A pharmacokinetic study of donepezil showed a mean peak plasma concentration of donepezil after oral treatment (3 and 10 mg/kg) of approximately $1.2{\pm}0.4h$ and $1.4{\pm}0.5h$, respectively; absolute bioavailability was calculated as 3.6%. Further, AChE activity was inhibited by increasing plasma concentrations of donepezil, and a maximum inhibition of $31.5{\pm}5.7%$ was observed after donepezil treatment in hairless rats. Plasma AChE activity was negatively correlated with plasma donepezil concentration. The pharmacological effects of donepezil are dependent upon its concentration and AChE activity; therefore, we assessed the effects of donepezil on learning and memory using a Y-maze in mice. Donepezil treatment (3 mg/kg) significantly prevented the progression of scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice. As the concentration of donepezil in the brain increased, the recovery of spontaneous alternations also improved; maximal improvement was observed at $46.5{\pm}3.5ng/g$ in the brain. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the AChE inhibitory activity and pharmacological effects of donepezil can be predicted by the concentration of donepezil. Further, $46.5{\pm}3.5ng/g$ donepezil is an efficacious target concentration in the brain for treating learning and memory impairment in rodents.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.2334-2347
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• 2023

Metaverse services generate text data, data of ubiquitous computing, in real-time to analyze user emotions. Analysis of user emotions is an important task in metaverse services. This study aims to classify user sentiments using deep learning and pre-trained language models based on the transformer structure. Previous studies collected data from a single platform, whereas the current study incorporated the review data as "Metaverse" keyword from the YouTube and Google Play Store platforms for general utilization. As a result, the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Robustly optimized BERT approach (RoBERTa) models using the soft voting mechanism achieved a highest accuracy of 88.57%. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) score of the ensemble model comprising RoBERTa, BERT, and A Lite BERT (ALBERT) was 0.9458. The results demonstrate that the ensemble combined with the RoBERTa model exhibits good performance. Therefore, the RoBERTa model can be applied on platforms that provide metaverse services. The findings contribute to the advancement of natural language processing techniques in metaverse services, which are increasingly important in digital platforms and virtual environments. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence that sentiment analysis using deep learning and pre-trained language models is a promising approach to improving user experiences in metaverse services.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1090-1100
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• 2024

While the incorporating ESG indicator is recognized as crucial for sustainability and increased firm value, inconsistent disclosure of ESG data and vague assessment standards have been key challenges. To address these issues, this study proposes an ambiguous text-based automated ESG rating strategy. Earnings Call Transcript data were classified as E, S, or G using the Refinitiv-Sustainable Leadership Monitor's over 450 metrics. The study employed advanced natural language processing techniques such as BERT, RoBERTa, ALBERT, FinBERT, and ELECTRA models to precisely classify ESG documents. In addition, the authors computed the average predicted probabilities for each label, providing a means to identify the relative significance of different ESG factors. The results of experiments demonstrated the capability of the proposed methodology in enhancing ESG assessment criteria established by various rating agencies and highlighted that companies primarily focus on governance factors. In other words, companies were making efforts to strengthen their governance framework. In conclusion, this framework enables sustainable and responsible business by providing insight into the ESG information contained in Earnings Call Transcript data.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2019

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a single group pre-posttest design for evaluating the effects and meanings of a global health training program for nursing students. A mixed data collection method utilizing both qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. The qualitative method consisted of reflection journal entry analysis, while the quantitative study evaluated data collected from a self-reported questionnaire. After attending the program, cultural competencies of participants significantly increased than pre-test while global citizenship was not. Through an analysis of reflection journals written during the overseas training period, the meanings of experiences derived after the program were classified into five themes and 12 sub themes, which were, 'improvement of global health leadership', 'experience of barriers in reality', 'improvement of nursing professional value', 'inspiration of a perspective on health equity', and 'internal growth'. The results indicate that global health training program evaluated in this study was meaningful; it provided students with opportunities to experience the nurse's role in diverse global environments and attempted to measure the effects.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1998

According to the Samkuk Saki(History of Three Nations), An-ap pond was constructed in the 14th year of the reign of King Mun-$\mu$ But this period precedes the unification of Shilla(in the 16th year the reign of king Mun-mu) and Shilla was at war. Therefore I suppose the 16th year of the King's reign is just the time of the commencement of the construction of the pond. But the real construction had not been started before the 16th year of the King's reign, after the unification of the three nations into Shilla Dynasty. Another record of making a larger pond(the 19th year of the reign of king Kyung-duk) may signify the enlargement of the very pond that had been built the 16th year of King Mun-mu's reign. Korean traditional belief was the belief in the Dragon, the Mountain God, and the Heavenly God and these was deeply rooted in the Royal family and perhaps had influenced the building of An-ap pond. Namely it is explained that Em-hae Jun sympolizes the An-ap pond itself as the sea and the Dragon lived in the sea and also the mountain built in the East bank of An-ap pond is related to the Mountain God. And also Taoism's Sin Sun Sa-Sang(Paradise philosophy) had influenced the building of the three legendary immortal islands, called Yong Ju, Bang-Jang, Bong-Rae in the An-ap pond. It is supposed that the age of An-ap pond from the above mentioned facts and inferences and we can also understand the influence of the Royal family customs on the building of An-ap pond. The inscriptions on the vessels and architectural accessories suggest us the influence of the Royal family customs on the construction of An-ap pond.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2011

In this study, an underfloor air distribution(UFAD) system installed on the S. office building was evaluated for its indoor environmental quality performance. Field measurement and survey were conducted for the overall POE(Post Occupied Evaluation). PMV(including temperature, humidity, air velocity and globe temperature) and several environmental components were measured while thermal comfort, thermal sensation, acoustical environment and others. were investigated through survey. Except for the direct upper part of the air supply diffuser on the floor, the indoor velocity was less than 0.25m/s, which has been suggested by ASHRAES tandard 55 as the limit for thermal comfort. MRT of the perimeter zone of the room showed a higher value than that in the interior because of the introduced solar radiation through the building envelope. PMV was generally maintained in the range of thermal comfort (from -0.5 to +0.5), though it weighted to the warm side. It was reported to have 61% positive response on thermal comfort and 55% on neutral thermal sensation. The results of each survey item showed some gender-based differences. Specifically, female respondents had higher degree of dissatisfaction with indoor air cleanness and acoustical privacy. The working surface showed more than 400 lux and the equivalent noise level showed less than 50 dB(A). In conclusion, the results of the measurement and survey showed good agreement. Indoor environmental quality of the subject office room where the UFAD system was installed showed an overall excellent performance.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2004

현재 국내에서 시판되고 있는 선글라스를 노점(A판매업소), 패션용품점(B판매업소), 휴게소(C판매업소) 및 안경원(D판매업소)에서 구입하여 한국 산업 규격에 수록된 "선글라스용 렌즈 규격" (KS P 4404), "안경테 규격" (KS G 3306) 및 "보호안경규격" (KS P 8147)의 검사방법을 적용하여 시 광학적 성능을 분석하였다. 선글라스의 사용목적인 자외선 차단은 노점(투과율 8.8%)에 비해 안경원(투과율 0.7%)에서 구입한 선글라스의 렌즈가 높게 차단되는 것으로 나타났다. 선글라스 렌즈의 표면 마모성 저항 평균값은 안경원이 1.4%로 노점(2.2%)에 비해 높았다.