• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.515-524
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the amount and duration of smoking on gingival symptoms in adolescents. Methods: We used the web-based survey data of youth health behaviors from 2016 conducted by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The subjects of the study were 67,983 middle and high school students. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS Ver 20.0 program, and complex sample multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze gingival symptoms according to short- or long-term smoking habits. Results: In subjects with short-term smoking habits, there was no significant difference in gingival symptoms according to the smoking amount. However, after adjusting for socioeconomic characteristics and oral health behaviors in subjects with long-term smoking habits, a heavy smoking amount (${\geq}0.52PY$) had a 1.25 times higher effect than a light smoking amount (<0.52 PY) on gingival symptoms. Long-term heavy smoking (${\geq}0.52PY$) and low daily tooth-brushing frequency in high school students were factors affecting gingival symptoms. Conclusions: When conducting a project on the oral health of adolescents, it is argued that specific investigations and measures should be set up regarding health behavior factors, such as the amount and duration of smoking among adolescents.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.119-130
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to determine the effects of job stress on temporomandibular disorders, temporomandibular disorder habits, and xerostomia and on oral health status and to provide basic data necessary to develop oral health promotion programs. Methods : For this purpose, a survey was conducted drawing the following conclusions. Cross-analysis, correlation analysis, One-way ANOVA, data were collected using the program SPSS 18.0 statistical techniques, independent sample T-black, the Scheffe post-implementation verification. Results : Job stress positively affected temporomandibular disorders, temporomandibular disorder habits, and xerostomia: those with more job stress were more likely to have temporomandibular disorders, temporomandibular disorder habits, and xerostomia. Conclusions : It is necessary to have a good understanding of the causes of job stress and recognize and manage oral symptoms caused by job stress in the pursuit of oral health.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.820-830
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose was to develop a preliminary scale to measure Korean adolescents' health behaviors through a qualitative approach, to evaluate the scale psychometrically, and to develop a final scale. Methods: Participants were 61 adolescents for qualitative interviews and 1,687 adolescents for the psychometric evaluation. Procedure included content analysis of interviews to identify health behavior categories for Korean adolescents, pre-test to confirm that preliminary scale items were understandable, content validity by an expert panel, development of the web-based computer-assisted survey (CAS), and psychometric analysis to determine reliability and validity of the final scale. Results: A final scale was developed for both paper-and-pencil and CAS. It consisted of 14 health behaviors (72 items), including stress and mental health (10), sleep habits (5), dietary habits (12), weight control (4), physical activity (4), hygiene habits (5), tobacco use (5), substance use (2), alcohol consumption (4), safety (4), sexual behavior (9), computer use (3), health screening (4), and posture (1). Conclusion: The scale's strong points are: 1) Two thirds of the final scale items are Likert scale items, enabling calculation of a health behavior score. 2) The scale is appropriate to Korean culture. 3) The scale focuses on concrete health behaviors, not abstract concepts.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-137
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influences of hospital employees' daily life posture habits and work-related factors upon musculoskeletal subjective symptoms. Methods: This study was a descriptive survey study. Data were collected using structured a self-report questionnaire between April 1 and May 31, 2015. One hundred and ninety two employees were recruited in three hospitals. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test, and binomial logistic regression. Results: The habit of leaning on one side and the habit of bending the back in an improper posture are key postures based on lifestyle affecting musculoskeletal subjective symptoms in neck, shoulders, arms, waist, and legs. Labours accompanying repeated arm movements for a long time are key work-related risk factors affecting musculoskeletal subjective symptoms in arms. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed that, to prevent musculoskeletal diseases, it is necessary to identify and mediate personal factors like daily life posture habits as well as work-related risk factors. They may be utilized as basic materials for education of musculoskeletal health promotion and development of life guidance programs.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.581-587
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• 2014

In this study we included 298 working women in Kangwon province to investigate the life style and eating habits related to constipation. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to Roman II criteria as follows : normal, mild constipation and constipation groups. For the result, 48.4%, 42.7%, 27.2% and 28.6% of the subjects had constipation in the order of 20's, 30's, 40's, and 50's, respectively. Constipation group had low frequency of bowel movement per week and irregular visit to toilet compared to normal and mild constipation groups. There were higher percentage of people with reading habit while sitting on a toilet, in the constipation group compare to other groups. Constipation groups had difficulty having bowel movement when sleeping outside of their home. There was a significant difference in water consumption per day among the 3 groups. But there was no significant difference in the amount of meals consumed and the number of meals with snacks per day. For the food frequency, there was lower frequency of yogurt and vegetables consumption in the constipation group. But there was no difference in how to eat fruits. From these results, we concluded that in order to treat the constipation, it is recommended to take enough water and dietary fiber, and to have physical activities for the working women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.475-483
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among eating habits, eating behaviors, obesity indices and serum leptin levels of 97 school children in the Daegu and Kyungpuk areas. The subjects consisted of 42 boys and 55 girls from the 4th and 5th grades. The prevalence rate of obesity was 63.6% in the males and 36.4% in the females. The nutritional status of the subjects was assessed using 24-hour dietary recalls and blood analyses. The mean serum leptin levels of the obese group (12.84 $\pm$ 6.97 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those of the non-obese group (2.43 $\pm$ 1.53 ng/ml) (p < 0.001) . The mean eating behavior scores and MAR were significantly different in the two groups. Nutrient intakes were low and fell short of the RDA. Serum leptin levels showed a significant negative correlation with eating habit (r= -0.24) and eating behavior scores (r= -0.40) (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). It was speculated that nutritional intervention and education about the appropriate nutrient intake requirements of developing children might be necessary.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.177-184
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• 2006

Food frequency, food attitude, eating habits and physical activities of Korean-American children and Korean children were compared. Two hundred and sixty two Korean-American children living in New Jersey and New York in the United States of America(KcUS group) and three hundred and thirty one Korean children living in Seoul, Korea (KcK group) between the ages of 9 and 12 were included. There were significant differences in food frequency between these groups. The KcUS group ate more western food, more food at meal time and more snack than the KcK group. In addition, KcUS group slept longer hours and exercised less than KcK group. In this study, we learned that higher rate of obesity in Korean-American children could be partially explained by the difference in food intake, food attitude, eating habit, and physical activities between the two groups. It is suggested that a different approach will be useful in developing nutrition education programs against childhood obesity for the Korean-American children and Korean children.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.352-362
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of obesity stress on the eating behavior of elementary school students. Using a questionnaire, 300 students in the sixth grade from 2 schools in Kyunggi-do were surveyed (Boys: N=145, Girls: N=155). Data analysis was managed by SPSS software (version 13.0). The link between obesity stress and eating habits or behaviors was dependent on physical discomfort. There was also a large group of students experienced irregularity in their meal times during the day. Furthermore, there were significant differences in mealtime among boys under psychic stress caused by obesity. In the case of dairy intake during breakfast, the significant signs of obesity stress for were physical discomfort for boys and psychic stress for the girls. It was found for both boys and girls that more frequent midnight snacking decreased the efforts to overcome obesity stress. Therefore, a professional nutrition program that can educate school children must be implemented both in school and at home. In addition to overweight or obesity children, normal weight and underweight children can also benefit from this program that includes health counseling for weight and eating behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 1997

Feeding habits of Leiognathus nuchalis collected from the eelgrass bed in Kwangyang Bay from January 1994 to December 1994 were studied. Leiognathus nuchalis was a carnivore which mainly consumed copepods and crab larvae. Its diets included small quantities of polychaetes, amphipods, mysids, caridean shrimps. It showed ontogenetic changes in feeding habits. In an initial feeding stage, copepods were major food organisms. However, crab larvae and polychaetes were heavily selected with increasing fish size. Although copepods and crab larvae were major prey organisms for all seasons, the relative proportion of these two food items changed with season.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.393-404
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data of nutrition education to teach the right eating habit and lifestyle by investigating eating habit of students in private and public elementary schools of Kangnam and Kangbuk region. When the eating habit was investigated, there was no difference between the residential region, and school types. Depending on gender and person who cooked, there was meaningful difference in the eating habit. When the mother or father cooked for the student, his or her child had breakfast everyday, had a meal regularly, enjoyed the meal with the family, and left less food. This shows that the meal with family is a very positive factor in the formation of right eating habit. The female students tend to eat snacks, skip breakfast, have unbalanced diet, leave food, and watch TV during a meal more than the male students. Therefore, the female students need more education of eating habit. Also, not many the students usually got corrected their bad eating habits from others, and this showed that no proper guidance of their bad eating habits was done. Nevertheless, the students tried to correct their eating habits by themselves. If the schools and students' give them the proper education about eating habit, it can be more effective. Therefore, the school should teach the students and their parents the right table manner and nutrition information through a systematical curriculum. In special cases, they should teach the students individually.