• 생태와환경
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.150-157
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• 2012

Fish communities in river networks provide significant ecosystem services that will likely decline under future land use and climate change. We developed a model that simulates the consequences to multiple populations of one or more fish species-a meta-community-from multiple stressors across a river network. The model is spatially-explicit and age-structured, with three components: habitat suitability; population dynamics, including species interactions; and movement across a spatial network. Although this model is simple, it can form the basis of fisheries assessments and may be incorporated into an integrated modeling system for watershed management and prediction.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.238-252
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• 2002

In order to screen out indicators for the discrimination of ginseng habitat, some physical and chemical characteristics of Korean red ginsengs (94 kinds) and Chinese red ginsengs (50 kinds) were analyzed by using a rheometer, an electronic nose system, a combined technique of solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC/ECD), an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP/MS), a near infrared spectrometer (NIRs) and high performance liquid chromatography equipped with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC/ELSD). The results are summarized as follows: (i) The rhizome strengths of Korean red ginsengs were significantly higher than those of Chinese red ginsengs. (ii) The electronic nose patterns of Korean red ginsengs were significantly different from those of Chinese red ginsengs. (iii) Some unidentified peaks were detected not in the headspace of Korean red ginsengs but in the headspace of Chinese red ginsengs when the headspace volatiles prepared by the SPME technique were analyzed by GC/ECD. (iv) Either the content ratios of K to Ca or Mn to Fe were significantly different between Korean red ginsengs and Chinese red ginsengs. (v) The reflectance ratios of NIRs wavenumbers such as $904\;cm^{-1}\;to\;1088\;cm^{-1}$ for Korean red ginsengs were significantly different from those for Chinese red ginsengs. (vi) The content ratios of ginsenoside-Rg to ginsenoside-Re of Korean red ginsengs were significantly higher than those of Chinese red ginsengs. These results indicate that the rhizome strength, the electronic nose pattern, the occurrence of ECD-sensitive headspace volatile components, the content ratios of K to Ca and Mn to Fe, the NIRs pattern and the content ratio of ginsenoside-Rg to -Re may be indicators for the discrimination of ginseng habitat.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2013

In the past two decades, researchers from different countries have conducted series of experimental and theoretical studies to investigate the behaviour of structures in fire. Many new insights, data and calculation methods have been reported, which form the basis for modern interdisciplinary structural fire engineering. Some of those methods are now adopted in quantitative performance-based codes and have been migrated into practice. Mainly based on the achievements in structural fire research at China, the Chinese national code for fire safety of steel structures in buildings has been drafted and approved, and will be released in this year. The code is developed to prevent steel structures subjected to fire from collapsing, ensure safe evacuation of building occupants, and reduce the cost for repairing the damages of the structure caused by fire. This paper presents the main contents of the code, which includes the fire duration requirements of structural components, fundamental requirements on fire safety design of steel components, temperature increasing of atmosphere and structural components in fire, loading effect and capacity of various components in fire, and procedure for fire-resistant check and design of steel components. The analytical approaches employed in the code and their validation works are also presented.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.490-502
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• 2021

본 연구는 월악산국립공원의 서식지에 따른 어류상 현황 및 어류군집의 특성을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 월악산국립공원의 주요 하천에서 공간균등계층추출법으로 총 20개의 지점을 선정하였으며, 계절별로 3회 조사를 실시하였다. 서식지의 물리적 환경은 대부분 산간계류형(Aa) 하천이었으며, 하상구조는 큰돌과 자갈이 산재되어 있는 형태였다. 서식지의 평균고도는 304.4m, 평균 수심은 40.3cm로 대부분 1m를 넘지 않았으며, 하천 차수는 3~5차하천까지 분포하였다. 서식지별 물리적 환경요인에 대하여 주성분 분석을 실시한 결과 고도에 따라 하상물질 특성이 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 조사 결과 출현한 어종은 총 7과 16종 2,183개체가 확인되었으며, 우점종은 참갈겨니(86.2%), 아우점종은 버들치(3.8%)였다. 법정보호종으로는 멸종위기 야생생물 II급 가는돌고기가 본 조사에서 처음 출현하였다. 어류군집의 순위풍부도 곡선의 모형을 분석한 결과 20개 지점중 9개 지점에서 Zipf 모형이 도출되었으며, 대수정규 모형 3개 지점, 선점 모형 4개 지점, 그밖에 4개 지점은 1종만이 출현하여 분석이 불가능하였다. 환경요인에 따른 어류군집의 특성을 파악하기 위해 20개 지점과 출현종을 대상으로 정준상관분석을 실시한 결과 고도에 따른 서식환경의 차이로 인하여 어류군집이 나뉘는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.57-71
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• 2007

While a concept on biotop or the urgency of its classification systems have been under discussion recently, this study aims to examine outdoor biotop classification systems for environment-friendly community. To this end, the feasibility of creating a biotop in the community and application elements were generated and biotops were classified and categorized. Then, elements that can be applied in consideration of traditional Korean techniques were generated and biotop classification systems and specific components in residential areas were reviewed. As for the result of this study, based on a preliminary draft prepared through literature review, considerations for biotop classification systems were taken into account. Then, based on classification criteria for biotop formats, biotop functions and biotop types, a second-tier classification system was developed. Criteria for biotop formats included surfaces, lines and points while criteria for biotop functions were large cores, small bases, corridors, stepping stones and ecological islands. Criteria for habitat types were divided to include natural forest, developed green areas, lacustrine wetland, palustrine wetland, shrubs, grasslands, linear habitats, vacant plots and practical green areas, which were sub-categorized. As for the biotop classification system, macro-classification divided biotops into three types-space, line and point-based on biotop formats. Meso-classification had five groups and micro-classification had 21 groups based on habitat types. Future studies should focus on the ecological features of each biotop categories generated in this study and their creation and management techniques to find many practical methods to create, protect and manage outdoor biotop for environment-friendly community.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2016

Background: Previous studies on the biological integrity on habitat and landuse patterns demonstrated ecological stream health in the view of regional or macrohabitat scale, thus ignored the mesoscale habitat patterns of pool, riffle, and runs in the stream health analysis. The objective of this study was to analyze influences on the mesohabitat structures of pool, riffle, and run reaches on the fish guilds and biological integrity in Geum-River Watershed. Results: The mesohabitat structures of pool, riffle, and run reaches influenced the ecological stream health along with some close relations on the fish trophic and tolerance guilds. The mesoscale components altered chemical water quality such as nutrients (TN, TP) and BOD and these, then, determined the primary productions, based on the sestonic chlorophyll-a. The riffle-reach had good chemical conditions, but the pool-reach had nutrient enrichments. The riffle-reach had a predominance of insectivores, while the pool-reach has a predominance of omnivores. Also, the riffle-reach had high proportions of sensitive fish and insectivore fish, and the pool-reach had high proportions of tolerant species in the community composition. The intermediate fish species in tolerance and omnivorous fish species in the food linkage dominated the community in the watershed, and the sensitive and insectivorous fishes decreased rapidly with a degradation of the water quality. All the habitat patterns were largely determined by the land-use patterns in the watershed. Conclusions: Trophic guilds and tolerance guilds of fish were determined by land-use pattern and these determined the stream health, based on the Index of Biological Integrity. This study remarks the necessity to include additional variables to consider information provided by mesohabitats and land-use distributions within the selected stream stretch. Overall, our data suggest that land-use pattern and mesohabitat distribution are important factors to be considered for the trophic and tolerance fish compositions and chemical gradients as well as ecological stream health in the watershed.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.70-82
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• 2016

The playgrounds installed in the city try a variety of changes in play equipment more than traditional playgrounds, these playgrounds with formal rides are still different from nature friendly playground. For this reason, when in 2014 the department of environment pushed forward 'Aitteulag' project constructing ecological playground, the department aimed to provide the natural ecological spaces that are insufficient in the city and act as play space for children, leisure and community space for residents. Therefore, after inspecting 10 ecological playgrounds in Europe and Japan, in this study we suggested the construction guidelines of ideal ecological playground by comparing and analyzing these cases. We checked the environment-friendliness of these playgrounds in the 2 fields (playground component, ecological program) based on the ecological playground guidelines presented by the ministry of environment. The playground components are classified as siting location, spatial configurations, natural elements, play area, amusement facilities, play materials, open spaces, additional facilities. The ecological programs are divided into habitat, species, natural material, five senses. The following is the summary of the results about the reflection of eco-friendly planning factors. In terms of "habitat": bush and shade wood were highest at 95%. In terms of "species": local indigene(100%) and habitat for insects(95%) were higher than others. In terms of "natural material": wood(61.1%) was the highest. In terms of "details of wood(61.1%)": wood fence (95%), exploring wood and using sticks(85%) were higher than others. In terms of "five senses": hearing (32.1%), tactile(26.4%), and visual(23.9%) were in order. Therefore, on the basis of these results, this study proposed the planning factors that should be considered and complemented more in the construction of domestic urban ecological playground in future.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2018

Background: The effective use of habitats is essential for the successful adaptation of a species to the local environment. Although habitats exhibit a hierarchical structure, including macro-, meso-, and microhabitats, the relationships among habitats of differing hierarchy have not been well studied. In this study, we studied the quantitative measures of microhabitat use of Gekko japonicus from three field populations in Japan: one at Tsushima Island, one at Nishi Park, Fukuoka, and one at Ohori Park, Fukuoka. We investigated whether land cover type, a higher hierarchical habitat component, was associated with quantitative microhabitat use, a lower hierarchical component, in these populations. Results: The substrate temperature where we located geckos (SubT) and the distance from the ground to the gecko (Height) were significantly different among the three populations. In particular, SubT on Tsushima Island was lower than it was in the other two populations. Irradiance at gecko location and Height were significantly different among the land cover types. In particular, Height in evergreen needleleaf forest was significantly lower than that in deciduous broadleaf forest. Furthermore, significant interactions between population and land cover type were observed for the SubT and Height variables. Conclusions: The quantitative measures of microhabitat use of G. japonicus varied with population and land cover type, which exhibited significant interaction effects on microhabitat use variables. These results suggest that higher hierarchical habitat components can affect the quantitative measures of lower hierarchical microhabitat use in nocturnal geckos.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1051-1057
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• 1998

영지, 참깨, 칡과 같은 특용작물의 수입산 또는 국내산인지의 여부를 확인하기 위하여 전자코를 사용하였다. 특용작물이 배출하는 가스성분을 아무런 전처리 과정 없이 12개의 conducting polymer sensor로 감지하고 여기서 얻어진 자료를 판별분석을 통하여 특용작물의 원산지가 수입산 또는 국내산인지를 판별할 수 있었다. 원산지를 모르는 시료(영지, 참깨)를 분석한 결과 이들 농산물이 수입산인지 국내산인지를 뚜렷하게 구별할 수 있었다.

• 환경생물
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2002

한반도 동해 연안에 자생하는 거머리말의 종 내 형태적 변이의 한계를 파악하기 위하여 1998년 6월부터 8월까지 (동해 중부 화진포에서부터 남부 대변까지) 식물체를 채집 비교 분석하였다. 거머리말은 연안의 석호, 항구와 만의 다양한 생육지에서 출현하였다. 생체를 대상으로 형태학적 주요 형질은 직접 측정되었으며, 이들 자료로 형질의 상관관계, 주성분 분석과 군집분석을 하였다. 외부형질의 특징에 따라 거머리말은 단협엽형, 장광엽형의 두 그룹으로 구분되었으며, 엽두 형태는 원두, 둔두, 미요두, 소요두, 유두, 예두와 미철두로 각 생육지와 집단 내에서도 변이가 다양하게 출현하였다. 동해연안에 생육하는 거머리말의 군집들은 생육환경에 따라 식물체 크기와 외부형질 변이 폭이 큰 것으로 밝혀졌다.