• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.143-150
• /
• 1997

This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of smoking behavior and the effects of smoking on clinical symptoms and level of serum prolactin in schizophrenic patients. Methods : 76 male schizophrenic patients answered the questionnaire about the characteristics of smoking patterns. And patients were assessed by brief psychiatric rating scale(BPRS), positive and negative syndrome scle(PANSS), Hamilton rating scale for depression(HAM-D), assessment for involuntary movement scale(AIMS) and symptom checklist 90 R(SCL-90-R). Serum prolactin levels were measured by enzymeimmunoassay. Results: 1) The frequences of drinking coffee were significantly higher in smokers. The reasons for smoking were to relieve tension, to avoid boredom, due to habit and to do with friends. 80.1% of smokers tried quitting, but smoking was relapsed due to craving and withdrawal symptoms. 2) No significant difference was seen in mean neuropeltic doses, scores of PANSS and AIMS. But as for BPRS, scores of anxiety/depression subscale were significanly lower in smokers. Scores of HAM-D and scores of interpersonal sensitivity and phobia among SCL-90-R were significantly lower. 3) Levels of serum prolactin were significanlty lower in smokers. Conclusion : These findings suggest that in schisophrenia smoking relieves anxiety and depression subjectively But decreased prolactin levels may suggest that the possibility of increased dopamine in CNS.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.392-402
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the eating habit, food intake frequency and preferred food and taste of juvenile delinquents (100 numbers) and male high school students (100 numbers), using questionnaires from August to October 2004. 1) It was shown that the juvenile delinquents took more unbalanced diet (p<0.05), smoking (p<0.001) and drinking (p<0.001) than general students, while general students had more eating between meals (p<0.01). 2) The intake of food was a significant difference in white rices (p<0.01), bibimbab (p<0.001), kimbab (p<0.001), fried rice (p<0.001), ramen (p<0.001), jajangmyun (p<0.001), jambong (p<0.001), hamburger (p<0.001), pizza (p<0.001) and breads (p<0.05). The juvenile delinquents took more major food than that of general students in all the items except for white rice. It was observed, then, that the juvenile delinquents showed more intake of such subsidiary foods as bulgoki (p<0.001), roasted thin pork chops (p<0.001), grilled pork belly (p<0.001), pork cutlet (p<0.01), sweet and sour pork (p<0.001), chicken with ginseng (p<0.001), fried chicken (p<0.001), kimchi pot stew (p<0.01) and zucchini (p<0.05) than general students, with general students taking more kimchi (p<0.01) and fried or boiled soybean curd (p<0.01). The intake of dessert was a significant difference in yogurt (p<0.01), orange juice (p<0.001), cola (p<0.001), soft drinks (p<0.001), ion drinks (p<0.001), coffee (p<0.001), apple (p<0.01), banana (p<0.001), orange (p<0.001), cake (p<0.001), hot dog (p<0.001), ddokbokgi (p<0.01), mandu (p<0.001), fried fish paste (p<0.05), steamed korean sausage (p<0.001), fried foods (p<0.05), hem & sausage (p<0.001), cheese (p<0.001), ice-cream (p<0.001), candy (p<0.01), chocolate (p<0.001), mayonnaise (p<0.05), jam (p<0.01) and butter & margarine (p<0.01). Then, the juvenile delinquents were shown to entirely have more intake of all the desserts than those of general students. 3) Regarding preference of foods, it was shown that the juvenile delinquents preferred cereals (p<0.05), grilled pork belly (p<0.001), chicken with ginseng (p<0.01), anchovies and small fish (p<0.05), chicken with ginseng (p<0.05), seasoned spinach (p<0.001), seasoned zucchini (p<0.001), milk (p<0.05), coffee (p<0.001) and butter & margarine (p<0.05) while general students did egg (p<0.01), soybean sprout soup (p<0.001), boiled or fried potato (p<0.05), seasoned soybean sprout (p<0.05), boiled or fried soybean curd (p<0.01), fried foods (p<0.01) and snack (p<0.05). For their preference of tastes, hot taste (p<0.01) was higher in the juvenile delinquents. 4) Under general environments there was a change of the difference in their behaviour of pork cutlet (p<0.01) intake in accordance with other family and of milk (p<0.001) and butter & margarine (p<0.05) preference in accordance with growth in a big city between the two groups.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.6 no.3 s.12
• /
• pp.85-94
• /
• 1990

The subject of this study was to yield data of dietetic education which could help the male teachers to live a desirable dietary life by analying the degree of balance of the diet, the interests in health and the subjective symptoms in disease, and finding the problem in the present dietary habit and the health state. Rusults were as follows: 1. The most regular meal in a day lunch and the most irregular was dinner. The sixties had meals most regularly. 2. The amount of smoking had influence on respiratory system and hepatobiliary system while daily amount of coffee intake influenced cardiobascalar system, diabetes mellitus and joint system. The amounts and the frequencies of alchol intake had no differences. 3. The factors which had meaningful relations with dietary habit were as follows; Salted food and so on had influences on cardiobascular system, spicy food on general disease, lipid intake including fried food, jun, bokchum on joint system, instant food and so forth on respiratory system. Fruit and so forth had influences on diabetes, salted food on hepatobilitary system.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.6
• /
• pp.855-866
• /
• 2008

The dietary patterns and characteristics of oldest-old subjects over 85 of Sunchang County (total of 171, 61 males and 110 females) were studied. The average age was $90.6{\pm}3.7$ years old (male; $89.1{\pm}2.8$, female; $91.5{\pm}3.8$), and 90.9% of them were reported to have had no schooling experience. Family types having a spouse were much greater in men (50%) than women (1.8%). The percentages of living alone showed the gender differences, which were comprised of 33% of females and 18.3% of males. In this study, 73.7% of subjects answered "very good" or "good" for their health status. These elderly subjects might maintain their health through a relatively lower rate of smoking (22.2%) and drinking (27.5%), having non-sedentary activities (84.2% of the subjects are physically active) and enough sleep. Their characteristic dietary patterns include high preference of rice (96.5%) and blanch & Seasoned vegetable dishes (Namal, 90.6%) frequent consumption of plant-based food groups containing plenty of anti-oxidants such as vegetables and legumes, and they showed high rates of meal regularity (77.2%) and no skipping of meals (94.2%). It seems to be developed and disseminated in the congregate meal program for improving nutritional status of the elderly, since the coming increment of single-elderly family and single dwellers of rural areas.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.37 no.7
• /
• pp.1039-1048
• /
• 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of coronary heart disease risk factors in healthy men and women. Method: The subjects of this study were 346 people (173 men and women aged 20 years and over) who received health screenings. Data was collected from December 1, 2005 to February 28, 2006. The FANTASTIC Lifestyle Assessment Inventory except smoking and the Framingham risk score of subjects were investigated. Data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 10.0 program. Results: The mean score of the lifestyle of the women (64.24) was higher than that of the men (59.12). The mean score of the risk of coronary heart disease of the men (5.28%) was higher than that of the women (0.28%). The framingham risk for men was significantly related to lifestyle such as dietary habit, use of caffeine and drugs, anxiety and depression, job satisfaction, and closeness with family. The main predictors of framingham risk for men and women were 'use of caffeine and drugs', and 'menopause' which explained 16.5%, and 30.7% respectively. Conclusion: Since lifestyles can be changed with effort, coronary heart disease can be prevented while people are healthy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts of adolescents who had been bullied. Methods: This study used data extracted from Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey of 2014. The data of 1,926 adolescents, in total, who had experienced violence were included in the analysis, The analysis was done using SPSS/WIN. Results: The adolescents with an experience of being bullied were more likely to engage in suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts than the average teenagers in Korea. In addition, suicidal thoughts were affected by gender, experience of habitual drug use, subjective happiness, as well as sadness and despair. Suicidal attempts were influenced by gender, grade, smoking experience, experience of habitual drug use, size of the city of residence, subjective happiness, sadness and hopelessness, existence of people to get counseling, and habit of walking for 10 minutes every day. Conclusion: More attention should be given to the suicidal risk of adolescents having experienced violence. Further studies are required to develop an intervention program for suicide prevention targeting adolescents who have experienced violence and assess the program's effectiveness.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2018

Background: the self-regulating in adolescent's smokers as prevention is one of the lines of the work team in the consultation of Ceasing Tobacco. Objective: to identify the factors of risks that impact in the self-regulation to prevent the tobacco in adolescents. The investigation embraced one period from March 2017 to September 2018. Method: a descriptive study of traverse court was used. Registered to 31 students for sampling intentional non probabilistic, of an universe of 50 adolescent students. It was used empiric methods; clinical histories, interviews structured and the questionnaire. Conclusion: the female sex prevailed, where 54,8 % between the 12 to 19 years of age. Results: the incidence the factors of risks that impact in the self-regulation to prevent the tobacco in adolescents are the group contagion with 54,7 %, family problems for a 29,0 % and situational depression with 16,1 %, where it is necessary the self-regulation that should have the adolescents in the life.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.90-98
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to examine the dietary and BMI change of Koreans after moving to America and to identify the factors influencing changes of BMI. The subjects were 192 Korean-Americans (men : 86, women : 106) residing in the eastern area of the U.S.A. 1) subjects reported significantly increased consumption frequency in American foods like, low fat milk(p<0.001), cold cereals (p<0.001), whole wheat bread(p<0.001), hamburger(only in males p<0.01) and pizza(only in males p<0.01). Whereas significantly decreased consumption frequency in fish (p<0.05), cooked vegetables(p<0.001), kimchi(p< 0.001) and cooked rice (p<0.001) were reported. 2) It was reported that weight, accordingly BMI were significantly increased (p<0.01). The smoking habit score was significantly decreased for males (p<0.05). 3) Multiple linear regression analysis for BMI change showed that education years in Korea was the most prominent negative factor(p<0.001) in predicting BMI change in America. Elevated frequencies of alcohol, chicken and soft drink in America were also associated with greater increase of BMI. When the length of residence (increase of age) was included in regression model, the increase of age was the most significant factor (p<0.001). Changes of chicken and soda scores were other significant factors.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to seek for a performance level of functional independence of the long term care elderly people. This study questionnaires 160 elders with 80 in a large city and 80 in small－to－medium sized city in order to find out the functional independence of elderly people. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Functional independence level following health factor; The comparison of degrees of functional independence level between two groups showed significant difference in sanitation, drinking and smoking, eating habit, chronic disease, physical activities, and regular physical examination(P<.05). But the comparison between two groups was not showed significant difference in present treatment, regular exercise. 2. Functional independence level following Psychological factor; The comparison of degrees of functional independence level between two groups showed significant difference in health evaluation(P<.05). But the comparison between two groups was not showed significant difference in quality of life. In conclusion it is needed that stable housing, much physical activities, and diversified family members should be realized and stable livelihood security recipients to maintain and improve health of the aged and to be socially satisfied.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.1349-1364
• /
• 2006

An analytic approach that provides explicit estimates of risk on cataract and epilation data is evaluated by reasonableness of conceivable relative risk models regarding a simple, odds, logistic or Gompertz regression method, assuming a binomial distribution. In these analyses, we apply relative risk models with two thresholds between epilators and nonepilators from a highly characteristic lesion of which radiation cataract does not occur around 2 gray for a single acute exposure. The risk models are fitted to the data assuming 10 as a constant relative biological effectiveness of neutron. The likelihood of observing the entire data set in these models fitted is evaluated by an individual binary-response array. Estimation of a threshold with or without severe epilation and the 100 ($1-\alpha$)% confidence limits are derived from the maximum likelihood approach. The relative risk model with two thresholds can be expressed as a formula with structure of Background $\times$ RR, where RR includes threshold models with or without epilation. The radiosensitivity of ionizing radiation to cataracts has been examined for the relationship between epilators and nonepilators.