• 제목/요약/키워드: Haas effect

검색결과 36건 처리시간 0.026초

$Si/Si_{1-x}Ge_x$Quantum Well 디바이스에서의 전자이동도 및 저온 자기저항효과 (Electron mobility and low temperature magnetoresistance effect in $Si/Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ quantum well devices)

  • 김진영
    • 한국진공학회지
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.148-152
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    • 1999
  • the low temperature magnetoresistance effect, electron mobilities, and 2 Dimensional electron Gases (2DEG) properties were investigated in $Si/Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ quantum well devices. N-type $Si/Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ structures were fabricated by utilizing a gas source Molecular Beam Epitaxy (GSMBE). Thermal oxidation was carried out in a dry O atmosphere at $700^{\circ}C$ for 7 hours. Electron mobilities were measured by using a Hall effect and a magnetoresistant effect at low temperatures down to 0.4K. Pronounced Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations were observed at a low temperature showing two dimensional electron gases (2DEG) in s tensile strained Si quantum well. The electron sheet density (ns) of $1.5\times10^{12}[\textrm{cm}^{-2}]$ and corresponding electron mobility of 14200 $[\textrm{cm}^2V^{-1}s^{-1}]$ were obtained at a low temperature of 0.4K from $Si/Si_{1-x}Ge_x$ structures with thermally grown oxides.

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관망에서의 소독부산물 변화와 관련 영향인자들의 상관관계 분석 (Variation of Disinfection-by-Prodcut in Distribution System and Evaluation of Correlation between Disinfection-by-Product and Physico-Chemical Parameters)

  • 송영일;안수나;안성윤;서대근;조혁진;이재성;최일환;신창수;이희숙
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제38권2호
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    • pp.63-70
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    • 2016
  • 수돗물 공급과정에서의 소독부산물 발생현황과 이와 관련된 수질 인자와의 상관성을 조사하여 소독부산물 발생특성을 규명하고자 K-water에서 관리하는 정수장의 수돗물 공급과정 5개 계통에 대하여 조사를 실시하였다. 수돗물 공급과정에서의 공급계통별 Water age 및 노후관 공급계통을 구분하여 조사대상을 선정하였으며, 소독부산물인 트리할로메탄 (THMs) 및 할로아세틱에시드 (HAAs), 유기물 항목으로서 BDOC 및 DOC를 포함하여 7개 항목에 대해 월 1회 조사하였다. 조사결과 노후관계통 및 Water age가 길수록 공급과정 내 유기물 농도가 높아지는 경향성을 확인할 수 있었다. 소독부산물과 관련 영향인자들의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 계통별 잔류염소 감소와 Water age간 상관관계가 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 Water age와 THMs 생성간의 결정계수값이 매우 높아 THMs 생성에 Water age가 중요한 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 잔류염소 감소율이 THMs 증가에 미치는 영향 또한 매우 높게 나타났으며, Water age가 길어질수록 수온과 THMs 생성에 미치는 영향은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 반면 HAAs는 THMs와는 달리 Water age, 잔류염소, 수온과의 상관관계 조사결과 결정계수 값이 낮게 나타났다.

Low temperature electron mobility property in Si/$Si_{1-x}Ge_{x}$ modulation doped quantum well structure with thermally grown oxide

  • Kim, Jin-Young
    • Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.11-17
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    • 2000
  • The low temperature electron mobilities were investigated in Si/$Si_{1-x}Ge_{x}$ modulation Doped (MOD) quantum well structure with thermally grown oxide. N-type Si/$Si_{1-x}Ge_{x}$ structures were fabricated by a gas source MBE. Thermal oxidation was carried out in a dry $O_2$ atmosphere at $700^{\circ}C$ for 7 hours. Electron mobilities were measured by a Hall effect and a magnetoresistant effect at low temperatures down to 0.4 K. Pronounced Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations were observed at a low temperature showing two dimensional electron gases (2 DEG) in a tensile strained Si quantum well. The electron sheet density ($n_{s}$) of 1.5${\times}$$10^{12}$[$cm^{-2}$] and corresponding electron mobility of 14200 [$cm^2$$V^{-1}$$s^{-1}$] were obtained at low temperature of 0.4 K from Si/$Si_{1-x}Ge_{x}$ MOD quantum well structure with thermally grown oxide.

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선행음 효과를 이용한 최적의 음성피난유도음에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Optimized Announcement Based Evacuation Guidance Using Haas Effect)

  • 백은선;김선우;백건종;신훈;송민정;국찬
    • 한국화재소방학회논문지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.101-106
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구에서는 예기치 않는 화재 등의 재해가 돌발적으로 발생하였을 경우 소리 정보에 의해서 사람들을 적극적으로 올바른 방향으로 피난 유도시키려면 피난자가 유도 정보의 내용을 알아들을 뿐만 아니라 피난 방향도 지각할 수 있는 것이 필요하다. 이에 피난 유도음의 방향을 감지할 수 있는 선행음 효과를 이용하여 각 건물공간에서 선행음과 후속음에 대해서 음압레벨 변화와 지연시간 변화에 따른 청감실험 결과 즉, 최적의 음성 피난유도음을 도출하였다. 각 실내공간에서 최적의 음성 피난 유도음은 다음과 같다. 1) 강의실 공간에서 음성 피난 유도음의 최적의 조건은 선행음보다 후속음이 지연시간을 10ms~50ms 갖는 경우와 선행음과 후속음의 음압레벨 차이가 없거나 선행음이 높은 경우에 선행음 방향에 대하여 양호하게 인지하였다. 2) 복도 공간에서의 최적의 음성 피난 유도음은 선행음보다 후속음이 지연시간 20~60ms인 경우에 선행음에 대하여 양호하게 인지하였다. 3) 체육관에서는 최적의 음성 피난유도음은 선행음보다 후속음이 지연시간 10~40ms인 경우와 선행음이 후속음보다 음압레벨이 크거나 같은 경우에 선행음에 대하여 양호하게 인지하였다.

MOCVD에 의한 GaAs/AlGaAs 초격자 및 HEMT 구조의 성장 (Growth of GaAs/AlGaAs Superlattice and HEMT Structures by MOCVD)

  • 김무성;김용;엄경숙;김성일;민석기
    • 대한전자공학회논문지
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    • 제27권2호
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    • pp.81-92
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    • 1990
  • MOCVD에 의하여 초격자 및 HEMT 구조를 성장하고 그 특성을 보고한다. GaAs/AlGaAs의 경우, 주기성(periodicity),계면 급준성, Al 조성 균일성을 경사연마 및 double crystal x-ray 측정에 의하여 확인하였고, 고립 양자우물의 양자효과(quantum size effect)에 의한 PL(photoluminescence) 스펙트럼을 관측하였다. 이 PL FWHM (full width at half maximum)과 우물 두께의 관계로 부터 계면 급준성이 1 monolayer fluctuation 정도인 초격자 구조가 성장되었음을 확인하였다. 한편, HEMT 구조의 경우에 헤테로 계면에 형성된 2차원 전자층의 존재를 C-V profile, SdH(shu-bnikov-de Haas)진동, 저온 Hall 측정을 통하여 확인하였다. 저온 Hall 측정에서 15K에서 sheet carrier density $5.5{\times}10^{11}cm^-2$,mobility $69,000cm^2/v.sec$, 77K에서 sheet carrier density $6.6{\times}10^{11}cm^-2$, mobility $41,200cm^2/v.sec$ 이었다. 또한 quantum Hall effect 측정으로 부터 잘 형성된 SdH 진동 및 quantized Hall plateau를 관측하였다.

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A Study on the Characteristics of Natural Organic Matter and Disinfection By-Product Formation in the Juam Reservoir

  • Shin, Dae-Yewn;Moon, Ok-Ran;Yoon, Mi-Ran;Kim, Nam-Joung;Kang, Gang-Unn;Seo, Gwang-Yeob
    • 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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    • pp.259-262
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    • 2005
  • This study aims to identify the relationship between characteristics of aqueous organic matter and chlorination by-products formation potential according to temporal effect of Juam reservoir in Sun-Choen. The molecular weight distribution and chemical composition of precursors and their relationship with disinfection by-products(DBPs) were investigated. Most of the organic matters was responsible for the major DBP precursors in the raw water are small compounds with a molecular weight less than IKDa, Aromatic contents determined by SUVA correlated well with DBPs, THMs, and HAAs formation. Especially, THMFP/DOC showed better correlation with SUVA than HAAFP/DOC and DBPFP/DOC with SUVA in Juam reservoir. Therefore, effective removal of small molecules or hydrophobic organic matter prior to disinfection process will significantly reduce the DBP concentration in the finished water.

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Nitrofen입제(TOK G)의 입도가 수도의 약반형성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Particle Size of Granular Nitrofen (TOK G) on the Leaf Burning in Rice Plants)

  • 박진구;조용우;권용웅
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.121-127
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    • 1977
  • 본 시험은 수도본답에 널리 사용되고 있는 제초제Nitrofen (TOK) 입제가 포장ㆍ운송ㆍ보관ㆍ분배 등의 유통과정을 거쳐 실제로 사용될 때의 입도조성을 조사하고 수도에서 Nitrofen특유의 갈변약반형성이 본제품의 입도, 시용방법, 제형, 수심, 수도재배양식에 따라 어떻게 달라지는 가를 알고저 수행되었으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 시판중인 3kg들이 Nitrofen입제는 중량기준으로 98.91%가 9∼35mesh범위의 입자들이었고 100mesh 보다 작은 미분말함유율은 0.08%에 불과하였다. 2. Nitrofen의 처리에 의하여 수도체에 나타나는 갈변약반은 제형, 시용방법, 입도, 수심을 달리하여도 모두 지표면에서부터 5∼7cm 높이의 도체부위에 나타났으므로 미립말이 수면에 부유하다가 도체에 부착되어 약반형성에 직접적으로 관여한다고는 할 수 없었다. 3. 100mesh보다 미분말인 경우 3mesh이상의 큰 입자들에 비하여 이앙도에 대해 약반형성위치 및 약반의 크기를 증가시키지 않았으나 개체당 약반수는 증가시켰다. 4. 입제의 수면철포, 입제의 토양표층혼화시용후 관개, 수화제의 토양표면시용 후 관개등의 모든 경우에 약반형성위치, 약반의 크기 및 약반발현엽수에 있어서 차이가 없었다. 5. 100mesh이하의 미분말을 시용할 경우 이앙도는 약반형성이 뚜렷이 많았으나, 3cm수심으로 천수관개하면 약반형성이 현저히 감소되었고, 식상이 없는 직파도는 이앙도에 배해 약반형성이 현저히 적었다.

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Ecotoxicological effects of ballast water effluent teated by an electrolytic method on marine environment

  • Kim, Tae Won;Kim, Keun-Yong;Shon, Myung-Baek;Kim, Young-Soo;Lee, Ji Hyun;Moon, Chang Ho;Son, Min Ho
    • Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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    • 제38권8호
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    • pp.1010-1020
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    • 2014
  • Ballast water effluent treated by an electrolytic method contains reactive chlorine species and disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study, we conducted whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing and ecological risk assessment (ERA) to investigate its ecotoxicological effects on marine environment. WET testing was carried out for three marine pelagic organisms, i.e., diatom Skeletonema costatum, rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and fish Paralichthys olivaceus. The biological toxicity test revealed that S. costatum was the only organism that showed apparent toxicity to the effluent; it showed no observed effect concentration (NOEC), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) and effect concentration of 50% (EC50) values of 12.5%, 25.0% and 83.3%, respectively, at brackish water condition. In contrast, it showed insignificant toxicity at seawater condition. B. plicatilis and P. olivaceus also showed no toxicities to the effluent at the both salinity conditions. Meanwhile, chemical analysis revealed that the ballast water effluent contained total residual oxidants (TROs) below $0.03{\mu}g/L$ and a total of 20 DBPs including bromate, volatile halogenated organic compounds (VOCs), halogenated acetonitriles (HANs), halogenated acetic acids (HAAs) and chloropicrin. Based on ERA, the 20 DBPs were not considered to have persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) properties. Except monobromoacetic acid, the ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) to predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of the other 19 DBPs did not exceed 1. Thus, our results of WET testing and ERA indicated that the ballast water effluent treated by electrolysis and subsequently neutralization was considered to have no adverse impacts on marine environment.

NaDCC 주입 선박평형수 처리기술의 해양생태위해성에 대한 연구 (Ecotoxicological Effects of NaDCC injection method in Ballast Water Management system on Marine Environments)

  • 김태원;문창호;김영윤;손민호
    • 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 해양환경안전학회 2017년도 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.236-236
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    • 2017
  • Effluent treated by an NaDCC injection method in Ballast water management system (BWMS) contains reactive chlorine species and disinfection by-products (DBPs). In this study, we conducted whole effluent toxicity (WET) testing and ecological risk assessment (ERA) to investigate its ecotoxicological effects on marine environment. WET testing was carried out for four marine pelagic and freshwater organisms, i.e., diatom Skeletonema costatum, Navicula pellicuosa, chlorophyta Dunaliella tertiolecta, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, Brachionus calyciflorus and fish Cyprinodon variegatus, Pimephales promelas. The biological toxicity test revealed that algae was the only biota that showed apparent toxicity to the effluent; it showed no observed effect concentration (NOEC), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC) and effect concentration of 50% (EC50) values of 25-50%, 50-100% and >100%, respectively, at three water condition, but did not show any significant toxicities on other biota. Meanwhile, chemical analysis revealed that the BWMS effluent contained total residual oxidants (TROs) below $0.03{\mu}g/L$ and a total of 25 DBPs such as bromate, volatile halogenated organic compounds (VOCs), halogenated acetonitriles (HANs), halogenated acetic acids (HAAs), chloropicrin and Isocyanuric acid. Based on ERA, the 25 DBPs were not considered to have persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity (PBT) properties. The ratio of predicted environmental concentration (PEC) to predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of the other DBPs did not exceed 1 for General harbor environment. However, four substances (Isocyanuric acid, Tribromomethane, Chloropicrin and Monochloroacetic acid) were exceed 1 for Nearship environment. But observed toxicity in the test water on algal growth inhibition would be mitigated by normal dilution factor of 5 applied for nearship exposure. Thus, our results of WET testing and ERA showed that the BWMS effluent treated by NaDCC injection method would have no adverse impacts on marine environment.

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연마성능 제어를 위한 연마패드표면 해석과 개선 (Polishing Pad Analysis and Improvement to Control Performance)

  • 박재홍;키노시타마사하루;요시다 코이치;박기현;정해도
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제20권10호
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    • pp.839-845
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    • 2007
  • In this paper, a polishing pad has been analyzed in detail, to understand surface phenomena of polishing process. The polishing pad plays a key role in polishing process and is one of the important layer in polishing process, because it is a reaction layer of polishing[1]. Pad surface physical property is also ruled by pad profile. The profile and roughness of pad is controlled by different types of conditioning tool. Conditioning tool add mechanical force to pad, and make some roughness and profile. Formed pad surface will affect on polishing performance such as RR (Removal Rate) and uniformity in CMP Pad surface condition is changed by conditioning tool and dummy run and is stable at final. And this research, we want to reduce break-in and dummy polishing process by analysis of pad surface and artificial machining to make stable pad surface. The surface treatment or machining enables to control the surface of polishing pad. Therefore, this research intends to verify the effect of the buffing process on pad surface through analysis of the removal rate, friction force and temperature. In this research, urethane polishing pad which is named IC pad(Nitta-Haas Inc.) and has micro pore structure, is studied because, this type of pad is most conventional type.