• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe a methodological procedure to quantify the heat production (HP) partitioning in basal metabolism or fasting heat production (FHP), heat production due to physical activity (HPA), and the thermic effect of feeding (TEF) in roosters. Methods: Eighteen 54-wk-old Hy Line Brown roosters (2.916±0.15 kg) were allocated in an open-circuit chamber of respirometry for O₂ consumption (VO₂), CO₂ production (VCO₂), and physical activity (PA) measurements, under environmental comfort conditions, following the protocol: adaptation (3 d), ad libitum feeding (1 d), and fasting conditions (1 d). The Brouwer equation was used to calculate the HP from VO₂ and VCO₂. The plateau-FHP (parameter L) was estimated through the broken line model: HP = U×(R-t)×I+L; I = 1 if t<R or I = 0 if t>R; Where the broken-point (R) was assigned as the time (t) that defined the difference between a short and long fasting period, I is conditional, and U is the decreasing rate after the feed was withdrawn. The HP components description was characterized by three events: ad libitum feeding and short and long fasting periods. Linear regression was adjusted between physical activity (PA) and HP to determine the HPA and to estimate the standardized FHP (st-FHP) as the intercept of PA = 0. Results: The time when plateau-FHP was reached at 11.7 h after withdrawal feed, with a mean value of 386 kJ/kg^0.75/d, differing in 32 kJ from st-FHP (354 kJ/kg^0.75/d). The slope of HP per unit of PA was 4.52 kJ/mV. The total HP in roosters partitioned into the st-FHP, termal effect of feeding (TEF), and HPA was 56.6%, 25.7%, and 17.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The FHP represents the largest fraction of energy expenditure in roosters, followed by the TEF. Furthermore, the PA increased the variation of HP measurements.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2023

PURPOSE: The study compared the satisfaction of the exercise program in a face-to-face and non-face-to-face manner with the same exercise program. METHODS: This study was conducted through convenience sampling for 57 seniors over 65 years of age. After conducting 30 minutes of the same exercise program face-to-face on the first visit and non-face-to-face on the second visit, a satisfaction survey was conducted. The survey data were processed statistically using SPSS 26.0 (SPSS Inc, IBM, USA). An independent t-test was used to compare the type of exercise program. The Spearman's Rank Correlation was conducted to correlate the satisfaction between cognitive function and education level. RESULTS: The overall satisfaction with the face-to-face program was higher than the non-face-to-face exercise programs. All three satisfaction items in face-to-face exercise programs were higher than in non-face-to-face exercise programs (p < .05). The main source of dissatisfaction in the case of face-to-face exercise programs was having a good relationship with people for face-to-face and a 'lack of communication' in the case of non-face-to-face. CONCLUSION: The elderly showed higher satisfaction in face-to-face exercise than in non-face-to-face exercise. This study is significant in that accurate satisfaction comparison was possible by conducting the same exercise program on the same subject for a relatively short time, and through this, the development of an exercise program was suggested.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.619-628
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine and compare the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM), and low-gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM) fed to broiler chickens and laying hens. Methods: Three semi-purified diets containing the identical crude protein concentration at 20% were formulated to contain SBM, CSM, or LCSM as the sole source of N. A N-free diet was also formulated to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA for broilers and hens. A total of 300 male Ross 308 chicks at one-day-old and 144 Hy-Line Brown laying hens at 30-week-old with initial egg production rate of 88.3%±1.0% were randomly allocated into 1 of 4 dietary treatments, respectively. Results: CSM and LCSM showed more Arg and Cys+Met while less Lys, Ile, Leu, and Thr relative to SBM. Significant interactions existed between species and experimental diets for AID (except for Arg, Asp, Glu, Gly, and Pro) and SID (except for Arg, His, and Phe) of most AA. Most AA in diets showed higher AID (except for Lys) and SID (except for Lys, Met, and Ser) in broilers relative to laying hens. The AID and SID of all AA were significantly different between the three diets. In broilers, the AID and SID of most indispensable AA except for Arg in SBM and LCSM was higher than CSM. In laying hens, the AID and SID of most indispensable AA except for Arg, Met+Cys, and Phe in SBM was higher than CSM and LCSM. Conclusion: The accurate determination of AID and SID of AA in CSM and LCSM for broilers and layers benefits the application of CSM and LCSM in chicken diets. The cottonseed by-products CSM or LCSM showed the species-specific AA digestibility values for broilers and layers.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.629-641
• /
• 2023

Objective: This study investigated the effects of extruded flaxseed with and without herbs mixture on egg performance, yolk fatty acids (FAs), lipid components, blood biochemistry, serological enzymes, antioxidants, and immune system of Hy-Line W-36 hens for nine weeks. Methods: Two hundred forty laying hens were randomly distributed to eight treatments, resulting in six replicates with five hens. Graded levels of dietary extruded flaxseed (0, 90, 180, and 270 g/kg) with and without herbs mixture (24 g/kg: garlic, ginger, green tea, and turmeric 6 g/kg each) were designed as treatments. Results: The two-way analysis of variance indicated that hens fed herbs mixture had a higher value of egg production, yolk high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and white blood cell and lower contents of yolk cholesterol, glucose, and blood low-density lipoprotein than those fed diets without herb mixtures (p<0.05). The Flx27 (270 g/kg flaxseed) (153.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) and Flx27+H (270 g/kg flaxseed plus 24 g/kg herbs mixture) (150.5 g/kg n-3 FAs) groups were the most promising treatments in terms of yolk n-3 FAs content. In-teraction effect (herbs- flaxseed) for blood cholesterol, HDL, malondialdehyde, glutaredoxin, alanine transaminase, (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), haemoglobin and immune parameters was significant (p<0.05). The results showed layers fed herbs mixture (Flx9+H, Flx18+H, and Flx27+H) had a better value of total antibody, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, ALT, AST, and blood HDL as compared with representative flaxseed levels without herbs. Conclusion: High inclusion levels of extruded flaxseed (270 g/kg) without herbs to enrich eggs with n-3 appears to impair the antioxidant system, immunohematological parameters, and sero-logical enzymes. Interestingly, the herbs mixture supplementation corrected those effects. Therefore, feeding layers with flaxseed-rich diets (270 g/kg) and herbs mixture can be a promising strategy to enrich eggs with n-3 FAs.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2022

목적: 근관 치료에 사용된 실러의 양과, 재치료용 NiTi 파일이 근관충전재의 제거 효율에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 발거된 소구치 중 단일 근관을 가지는 치아를 대상으로 하였다. #40/.06까지 근관 형성을 한 후, 무작위로 4 그룹으로 분류하였다. 근관충전재 중 실러가 차지하는 양을 다르게 하기 위해 그룹 별로 .06 taper 또는 .04 taper 거타퍼차를 칼슘실리케이트 실러인 Ceraseal과 함께 사용하여 single-cone 충전법으로 충전하였다. 그룹 별로 재치료용 NiTi 파일로는 ProTaper Universal Retreatment system (PTUR) 또는 Hyflex Remover (HR)를 사용하였다. 충전재 제거에 걸린 시간, 치근단 방출 잔사량, 근관 내의 충전재 잔존량을 측정하고 비교하였다. 결과: 근관치료에 사용된 실러의 양은 충전재 제거 효율에 영향을 미치지 않았다. HR 그룹은 PTUR 그룹보다 빠르게 충전재를 제거하였다. 치근단 방출 잔사량과 근관충전재 잔존량은 재치료용 NiTi 파일의 종류에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 근관치료에 사용된 실러의 양은 제거 효율에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. HR는 기존의 PTUR보다 빠르게 충전재를 제거했으며, 다른 제거 효율은 차이가 없었다.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.70-77
• /
• 2023

기후변화에 대한 대응으로 각국에서는 에너지수급계획에서 온실가스를 줄이는 목표를 제시하고 있으며, 그 이행을 위한 에너지 자원의 우선순위에서 늘 빠지지 않은 화두가 수소가스 이용이다. 이 수소가스를 이용하기 위한 대중적인 방법으로 수소연료전지 자동차의 이용을 꼽을 수 있으며, 이 수소연료전지 자동차를 이용하는데 필수적인 것이 수소충전소의 확충이다. 하지만 수소충전소의 확충을 위해서 여러 제약사항이 발생하고 있으며 그 중 가장 대표적인 것이 주민 수용성이다. 현재 국내 건립된 수소충전소 중 대부분은 인구밀도가 떨어진 외곽에 위치하고 있으며, 때문에 수소연료전지 자동차 이용자들의 불편은 해소되지 않고 있고 그에 따라 수소연료전지 자동차의 보급도 진전이 없다. 본 논문에서는 시민들이 많이 이용하는 철도부지에 수소충전소를 건설하였을 때의 위험성을 알아보기 위해 사고 피해 영향을 분석하였다. 대상 수소충전소 부지는 부산의 한 철도기지창을 대상으로 하였으며, 이 부지 주위에는 철도차량, 국도 및 상업시설이 존재한다. 최악의 시나리오를 가정했을 때 사로고 인해 영향을 받은 지역과 그 영향을 분석하여 수소충전소 부지의 안전에 대한 고찰을 하고자 한다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2024

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of enzymolysis fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) on egg production performance, egg quality, lipid metabolism, serum reproductive hormone levels, and the mRNA expression of the ovarian hormone receptor of laying hens in the late-laying stage. Methods: A total of 360 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (age, 390 days) were randomly categorized into four groups. Hens in the control (C) group were fed a basic diet devoid of CHMs, the crushed CHM (CT), fermented CHM (FC), and enzymatically fermented CHM (EFT) groups received diets containing 2% crushed CHM, 2% fermented CHM, and 2% enzymatically fermented CHM, respectively. Results: Compared with crushed CHM, the acid detergent fiber, total flavonoids, and total saponins contents of fermented CHM showed improvement (p<0.05); furthermore, the neutral and acid detergent fiber, total flavonoids, and total saponins contents of enzymatically fermented CHM improved (p<0.05). At 5 to 8 weeks, hens in the FC and EFT groups showed increased laying rates, haugh unit, albumin height, yolk color, shell thickness, and shell strength compared with those in the C group (p<0.05). Compared with the FC group, the laying rate, albumin height, and Shell thickness in the EFT group was increased (p<0.05). Compared with the C, CT, and FC groups, the EFT group showed reduced serum total cholesterol and increased serum luteinizing hormone levels and mRNA expressions of follicle stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that the ETF group improved the laying rate and egg quality and regulated the lipid metabolism in aged hens. The mechanism underlying this effect was likely related to cell wall degradation of CHM and increased serum levels of luteinizing hormone and mRNA expression of the ovarian hormone receptor.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제40권6호
• /
• pp.1533-1546
• /
• 2023

나노에멀젼이란 20 ~ 200nm 정도의 입자 크기를 갖는 에멀젼으로 투명하거나 반투명한 외관을 가지며, 작은 입자 사이즈로 유효물질의 피부 투과율을 향상시킬 수 있다는 장점이 있어 다양한 분야에서 응용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 오일의 required HLB와 종류가 나노에멀젼 형성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보기 위해 required HLB가 다른 오일 8가지, 종류가 다른 16가지의 오일을 선정하여 연구를 진행하였다. 이때 사용한 계면활성제로는 Polysorbate 60 (HLB 14.9), Sorbitan stearate (HLB 4.7), PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil (HLB 14.0)이며 Polysorbate 60과 Sorbitan stearate를 혼합하여 HLB 14.0으로 고정한 것과 Polysorbate 60, PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil을 각각 사용하여 제조하였다. 오일의 종류에 따라 나노에멀젼 형성이 다르게 나타났으며 에스터계 구조를 가지는 오일이 비교적 우수한 나노에멀젼 형성 능력을 보여주었는데, 특히 Cetyl ethylhexanoin이 평균 40nm 이하의 작은 사이즈로 생성된 후 큰 변화없이 안정한 나노에멀젼이 형성된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, Polysorbate 60과 Sorbitan stearate를 혼합하여 사용하는 것이 PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil 혹은 Polysorbate 60 각각 단독으로 사용하는 것보다 우수한 나노에멀젼 형성 능력을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권8호
• /
• pp.1418-1427
• /
• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Bacillus-based probiotics supplemented at two different levels to modulate the productive performance, egg quality, tibia traits, and specific cecal bacteria counts of Hy-Line Brown layers from 25 to 37 weeks of age. Methods: A total of 216 twenty-five-week-old hens were randomly distributed into 3 experimental diets with 12 replicates of 6 birds per cage. Diets included basal diet supplemented with 0 (CON), 3×10⁸ (PRO1), or 3×10⁹ (PRO2) colony-forming unit (CFU) of the test probiotic containing Bacillus subtilis PB6, Bacillus subtilis FXA, and Bacillus licheniformis G3 per kilogram of feed. Results: Improved egg weights and mass at 29 weeks; and feed intake at 31 weeks (p<0.10) were noticed with the probiotic-supplemented PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Considering egg quality, the shell thickness, Haugh units, and yolk color were improved; but yolk cholesterol was lowered (p<0.05) with PRO1 and PRO2 diets at 29 weeks. At both 33 and 37 weeks, the egg-breaking strength, shell color and thickness, albumen height, Haugh units, and yolk color were improved; but yolk cholesterol was similarly lowered (p<0.05) with the PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Improved tibia Ca, ash, weights, and density; and raised cecal counts of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli (p<0.05) were noticed with PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Improved tibia P but reduced Clostridia counts (p<0.10) were also observed with the PRO1 and PRO2 diets. Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation of Bacillus subtilis PB6, Bacillus subtilis FXA, and Bacillus licheniformis G3 at 3×10⁸ CFU/kg of feed is adequate to significantly improve egg quality, lower yolk cholesterol, enhance several tibia traits, and raise the populations of beneficial cecal bacteria. Modest improvements in several productive parameters and tibia P but reduced Clostridia were also observed; and could warrant further investigation of probiotic effects beyond the current test period.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 2015

Microsatellite(MS) marker는 가축의 유전적 특성 및 계통간의 유연관계 분석에 있어 많이 이용되고 있는 분자유전학적 유전표지로 유전체 상에 널리 분포하고 있으며, 높은 변별력과 검출이 간편하다. 본 연구는 한협 8개 계통과 토종닭 순계 12 계통을 대상으로 27종 MS marker의 유전자형을 분석하고, 이를 기반으로 유전적 특성 및 계통간 유연관계를 구명함으로써 한협에서 생산되고 있는 토종닭 계통들의 유전적 배경이나 특성에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 27종 MS marker 분석 결과, 평균 11.7개의 대립유전자가 확인되었으며, $H_{exp}$와 PIC의 경우 MCW0288이 각각 0.688, 0.646으로 가장 낮았고, MCW0104가 0.881, 0.869로 가장 높게 확인되었으며, 집단별 $F_{is}$(f)값을 통해 한협 H 계통(HH)은 집단 내 개체 간 상관 정도가 가장 적은 것으로 확인되었다. 계통 간 유연관계를 분석한 결과, 전체 20계통 중 로드 아일랜드 레드 계통(NC와 ND)이 가장 가까운 것(0.175)으로 확인되었으며, 반면에 레그혼 F(NF)와 로드 아일랜드 레드 D(ND) 계통이 가장 먼 것(0.710)으로 확인되었다. MS marker의 효율성을 검증하기 위해 동일개체 출현확률(PI)을 분석한 결과, 전체 계통에 대한 동일개체 출현확률(PI)과 한협 8계통의 동일개체 출현확률(PI)은 27종의 MS marker를 사용하였을 경우, 각각 $8.80{\times}10^{-83}$, $3.87{\times}10^{-117}$으로 확인되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 토종닭 시장에서 높은 점유율을 보유한 한협의 실용계 계통의 유전적 배경과 특성분석을 통해 향후 소비자의 요구에 부합하는 토종닭의 개량 및 실용계 계통의 개발을 위한 기초자료로 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.