• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.135-144
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to revalidate the 'Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) in clinical nurses'. 150 clinical nurses from three general hospitals in two cities participated in this study. Data were collected from March to April in 2017. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's alpha. The final HVAS-14 consisted of fourteen items and four factors emerged, which explained 74.1% of the total variance. These four factors were labeled: Factor 1 (3 items) 'awareness' which explained 20.3%; Factor 2 (4 items) 'response' which explained 20.2%; Factor 3 (3 items) 'reaction' which explained 15.5%; and Factor 4 (4 items) 'result' which explained 15.4%. The internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), as measured by Cronbach's alpha, were both .87, and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .78 to .86. The results of this study indicate that HVAS-14 is a useful, reliable and valid instrument to measure the hospital violence attitude of clinical nurses.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Hospital Violence Attitude Scale-18 (HVAS-18) for clinical nurses. Methods: The HVAS-18 was developed and validated in 3 steps: Item generation through literature reviews and in-depth interviews, pilot study, and the validity and reliability tests using a test-retest technique. Forty-one items were initially extracted by 8 experts, and 18 items were finally developed by item and factor analysis. The final HVAS-18 was evaluated by 326 clinical nurses from seven general hospitals in three cities. The collected data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: Five discrete factors emerged, which explained 64.0% of the total variance. Each five factor was labeled: Factor 1 (6 items) 'awareness'explained 18.2%; Factor 2 (4 items) 'response' explained 12.9%; Factor 3 (4 items) 'reaction' explained 12.9%; Factor 4 (2 items) 'result-nursing' explained 10.2%; and Factor 5 (2 items) 'result-violence offender' explained 9.6%. The internal consistency, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, was .87, and reliability of the sub-scales ranged from .72 to .83. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that HVAS-18 can be an useful, reliable, and valid instrument for measuring hospital violence attitude of clinical nurses.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.46-51
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of goniometer measurements of the hallux valgus angle (HVA) compared to radiographic measurements, which are the current standard. Twenty subjects (10 female, 10 male) were recruited for this study (40 feet). The HVA of the subjects was measured using goniometer and radiographic measurement. In three trials, measurements were taken of each subject by two examiners using goniometer and radiographic measurements using radiography in a standing position. The reliability of the measurements was investigated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC(3,1)), and the validity was tested using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient and an independent t-test. The intra-rater reliability of left and right HVAs were poor (ICC=.409 and .341, respectively). The inter-rater reliability of left and right HVAs were poor and moderate (ICC=.303 and .501, respectively). Left and right HVAs measured using goniometer and radiographic measurements were also poor and moderate (Pearson r=.246 and .544, respectively). These results suggest that goniometer measurements of the HVA are inaccurate and have unacceptable validity compared to radiographic measurements.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.2_2
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• pp.327-338
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• 2018

The possibility of ship detection monitoring at operational level using KOMPSAT-5 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data is investigated. For the analysis, the KOMPSAT-5 SLC images, which are collected from the west coast of Shinjin port and the northern coast of Jeju port are used along with portable AIS data from near the coast. The ship detection algorithm based on HVAS (Human Visual Attention System) was applied, which has significant advantages in terms of detection speed and accuracy compared to the commonly used CFAR (Constant False Alarm Rate). As a result of the integrated analysis, the ship detection from KOMPSAT-5 and AIS were generally consistent except for small vessels. Some ships detected in KOMPSAT-5 but not in AIS are due to the data absence from AIS, while it is clearly visible in KOMPSAT-5. Meanwhile, SAR imagery also has some false alarms due to ship wakes, ghost effect, and DEM error (or satellite orbit error) during object masking in land. Improving the developed ship detection algorithm and collecting reliable AIS data will contribute for building wide integrated surveillance system of marine territory at operational level.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2002

Malicious attackers generally attempt to intrude the target systems by taking advantage of existing system vulnerabilities and executing readily available code designed to exploit blown vulnerabilities. To the network security administrators, the rat and minimal step in providing adequate network security is to identify existing system vulnerabilities and patch them as soon as possible. Network-based vulnerability analysis scanners (NVAS), although widely used by network security engineers, have shortcomings in that they depend on limited information that is available and generally do not have access to hast-specific information. Host-based vulnerability analysis scanner (HVAS) can serve as an effective complement to NVAS. However, implementations of HVAS differ from one platform to another and from one version to another. Therefore, to security engineers who often have to maintain a large number of heterogeneous network of hosts, it is impractical to develop and manage a large number of HVAS. In this paper, we propose an agent-based architecture named ISMAEL and describe its prototype implementation. Manager process provides various agent processes with descriptiom on vulnerabilities to check, and an agent process automatically generates, compiles, and executes an Java code to determine if the target system is vulnerable or not. The result is sent back to the manager process, and data exchange occurs in % format. Such architecture provides maximal portability when managing a group of heterogeneous hosts and vulnerability database needs to be kept current because the manager process need not be modified, and much of agent process remains unchanged. We have applied the prototype implementation of ISMAEL and found it to be effective.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05d
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• pp.75-81
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• 1996

최근 포괄적 핵확산금지조약(CTBT)의 협정은 핵활동 감시의 목적으로 핵실험으로 인하여 발생되는 지진, 대기 방사성 핵종, 수중음향 그리고 초저음파 등을 종합운영하는 감시 시스템의 구축에 초점을 두고 있다. 1995년에 개최된 제네바군축회담/핵실험금지 특별위원회(CD/NTB/WP.224)에서 방사능 감시 전문가들은 대기중의 방사성 핵종의 검출, 핵실험 여부의 식별 그리고 핵실험 장소의 위치를 확인하기 위하여 국제 방사핵종 측정시스템(IRMS)을 설치할 것에 동의하였으며, 방사성 핵종의 검출은 핵실험 감시에 필수적인 수단으로 결정하였다. 본 연구에서는 대기중의 입자 방사능을 검출 시스템을 대기중의 공기를 흡입하기 위한 High Volume Air Sampler(HVAS)와 대기중의 방사능을 채집한 Filter Paper을 압축하는 Filter Paper 압축기 그리고 HpGe 검출시스템의 3 부분으로 구성하였다. HVAS와 Filter Paper 압축기는 본 연구의 수행을 위하여 자체 설계·제작하였으면, HpGe 검출시스템은 ORTEC사의 모델 CFG-PH-2를 사용하였다. HVAS에 의하여 Filter Paper애 채집된 시료를 측정하여 Raw Data를 분석하였다. 추후 본 시스템은 CTBT 원거리 대기 입자방사능 감시시스템의 네트워크에 연결하여 핵실험 감시를 위한 역할을 궁극적으로 검토중에 있다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 1997

Recently, the conclusion of Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty(CTBT) is globally constructing a network system for nuclear test monitoring. The radionuclide experts of the Conference on Disarmament recommended that the detection of nuclear debris in the atmosphere was an essential factor of nuclear test monitoring and proposed the technical requirements. Based on those requirements, atmospheric radionuclide monitoring system to detect nuclear debris generated from the nuclear explosion test was composed. The system is comprised of high volume air sampler(HVAS), filter paper presser and high purity germanium detector(HPGe). Minimum detectable concentrations(MDCs) of the key nuclides requiring in CTBT monitoring strategies are determined by considering of decay time, counting time and flow rate of the high volume air sampler for the rapid explosion and the optimum measurement condition. The results were selected $10{\pm}$2h, $20{\pm}$2h and $850{\pm}50m^3$/h as parameters, respectively. The relation between the natural air-borne radionuclide concentration of $^{212}Pb$ and MDC were calculated which gave effect in the Compton continuum baseline due to those nuclides in the gamma-ray spectroscopy. These results can be used as an actually tool in the CTBT monitoring strategies.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_2
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• pp.365-377
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• 2020

Continuous monitoring and immediate response is essential to protect the national maritime territory and maritime resources from the activities of illegal ships. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images with a wide range of images are effective for maritime surveillance asthe weather and day-night conditions rarely affect to image acquisition. However, an effective ship detection is not easy due to the huge data size of SAR images and various characteristics such as the speckle noise. In this study, the Human Visual Attention System (HVAS) algorithm was applied to KOMPSAT-5 to extract the initial targets, and the SAR-Split algorithm depending on the imaging modes was used to remove false alarms. The detected targets were finally selected by the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithm and matched with the ship's Automatic Identification System (AIS) information. Overall, the detected targets were well matched with AIS data, but some false alarms by ship wakes were observed. The detection rate was about 80% in ES mode and about 64% in ST mode. It is expected that the developed ship detection algorithm will contribute to the construction of a wide area maritime surveillance network.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.158-164
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate total suspended particulates (TSP) in Iksan area collected by nine stages Anderson air sampler and High volume air sampler from Jul. 1996 to Jul. 1998.The results are as follows1. The average of TSP concentration to be collected by Anderson air sampler and High volume air sampler in Iksan city are $59{\mu}g/m^3$, $67{\mu}g/m^3$. It was below the level of environmental standard. 2. The average of TSP concentration by measured method are HVAS > AS > Gov. 3. The average of TSP concentration on seasonal change are higher spring than winter. It were $65.5{\mu}g/m^3$ of Spring, $57{\mu}g/m^3$ of Summer, $52.5{\mu}g/m^3$ of Fall, $61{\mu}g/m^3$ of Winter. 4. Particle size 3istribution of atmospheric particulate was divided into two groups, coarse group was made by particles larger than $1.1-2.1{\mu}m$ in diameter and fine groups smaller than $1.1-2.1{\mu}m$ in diameter. about 50% of total suspended particle measured by Anderson air sampler during the sampling period was coarse particle.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim on this study was to establish the validity, reliability and efficiency of a Pain Self-Report Scale for elderly with dementia and compare these results with an observational pain rating scale. Methods: Study subjects were 136 elderly with dementia who were residents in a nursing home, geriatric hospital, or day care center. The subject's pain was measured by five self-report scales and observational scale. DS-DAT (discomfort scale-dementia of the Alzheimer's type) was used for pain behavior observational measure. Cognitive state was assessed using the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination). Results: Observational rating correlated moderately with self-report (r=.225~.585, p<.05) and tended to underestimate pain intensity. Test-retest reliability was high for all five self-report scales, and the correlation between these scales was very strong (r=.735~.856, p<.05). Comprehension rate of VDS (verbal descriptor scale) was 88.3%, and NRS (numeric rating scale) 69.9%, FPS (face pain scale) 66.9%, HVAS (horizontal visual analog scale) and VVAS (vertical visual analog scale) 65.4%. Conclusion: Nurses should not apply observational scales routinely in demented patients as many of these are capable of reporting their own pain. Self-report, the highest standard of pain measurement can be reliably performed in a large proportion of demented elderly.