• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2016

Background: A permit to work (PTW) is a formal written system to control certain types of work which are identified as potentially hazardous. However, human error in PTW processes can lead to an accident. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to estimate the probability of human errors in PTWprocesses in a chemical plant in Iran. In the first stage, through interviewing the personnel and studying the procedure in the plant, the PTW process was analyzed using the hierarchical task analysis technique. In doing so, PTWwas considered as a goal and detailed tasks to achieve the goal were analyzed. In the next step, the standardized plant analysis risk-human (SPAR-H) reliability analysis method was applied for estimation of human error probability. Results: The mean probability of human error in the PTW system was estimated to be 0.11. The highest probability of human error in the PTW process was related to flammable gas testing (50.7%). Conclusion: The SPAR-H method applied in this study could analyze and quantify the potential human errors and extract the required measures for reducing the error probabilities in PTW system. Some suggestions to reduce the likelihood of errors, especially in the field of modifying the performance shaping factors and dependencies among tasks are provided.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2013

Background: Work-related stress is one of the major causes of occupational ill health. In line with the regulatory framework on occupational health and safety (OSH), adequate models for assessing and managing risk need to be identified so as to minimize the impact of this stress not only on workers' health, but also on productivity. Methods: After close analysis of the Italian and European reference regulatory framework and workrelated stress assessment and management models used in some European countries, we adopted the UK Health and Safety Executive's (HSE) Management Standards (MS) approach, adapting it to the Italian context in order to provide a suitable methodological proposal for Italy. Results: We have developed a work-related stress risk assessment strategy, meeting regulatory requirements, now available on a specific web platform that includes software, tutorials, and other tools to assist companies in their assessments. Conclusion: This methodological proposal is new on the Italian work-related stress risk assessment scene. Besides providing an evaluation approach using scientifically validated instruments, it ensures the active participation of occupational health professionals in each company. The assessment tools provided enable companies not only to comply with the law, but also to contribute to a database for monitoring and assessment and give access to a reserved area for data analysis and comparisons.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2015

Background: In comparison with other industries, the construction industry still has a higher rate of fatal injuries, and thus, there is a need to apply new and innovative approaches for preventing accidents and promoting safe conditions at construction sites. Methods: In this study, the effectiveness of a new incentive system-the surprising incentive system-was assessed. One year after the implementation of this new incentive system, behavioral changes of employees with respect to seven types of activities were observed. Results: The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between the new incentive system and the safety performance of frontline employees. The new incentive system had a greater positive impact in the first 6 months since its implementation. In the long term, however, safety performance experienced a gradual reduction. Based on previous studies, all activities selected in this study are important indicators of the safety conditions at workplaces. However, there is a need for a comprehensive and simple-to-apply tool for assessing frontline employees' safety performance. Shortening the intervals between incentives is more effective in promoting safety performance. Conclusion: The results of this study proved that the surprising incentive would improve the employees' safety performance just in the short term because the surprising value of the incentives dwindle over time. For this reason and to maintain the surprising value of the incentive system, the amount and types of incentives need to be evaluated and modified annually or biannually.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2012

Objective: The Work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs) have been a problem on industrial occupational safety and health in Korean shipyard industry. It has been a big social problem. Background: As a result, Korean government enacted a law to prevent musculoskeletal disorders at work and some major companies have already implemented an ergonomics program. Method: This paper presents a study on the effect of an ergonomics program in a Korean shipbuilding company during the last ten years. Conclusion: The Incidence of WMSDs, the worker's compensation cost and the lost time were decreased after implementation of the ergonomics program. Application: The results of the publishing will help efficient operation of MSDs prevention activity in other companies.

• 한국건설안전학회 논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 산업안전보건법과 관련하여 실질적인 의사결정 권한을 행사하고 건설공사 비용을 부담하는 자가 주도하는 안전보건대장을 작성하는 것이 의무화됨에 따라 안전보건대장 작성방법과 향후 예상되는 효과를 연구하기 위한 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 개정된 산업안전보건법과 관련하여 건설산업에 대한 안전보건대장의 기대효과와 향후 안전보건대장이 건설산업에 미치는 취약점을 예측한다. 이것은 건설산업에서 발주자의 역할에 대한 책임과 안전을 강화하는 것뿐만 아니라, 발주자가 주도하는 선제적 안전 및 보건 관리 시스템이 가져올 변화에 대한 기본적인 자료로 사용될 것이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to propose a sequential procedure for the simultaneous analysis of soluble and insoluble metal compounds. Methods: Methods for sampling and analyzing metal compounds such as ISO standards, NIOSH methods, HSE methods, and OSHA methods were reviewed. Results: Some metals have different OELs depending on the solubility of the compound. Therefore, we should take into account these characteristics and perform an exposure assessment. Soluble metal compounds are first extracted from the filter, and then the filter is digested by acids to analyze residual insoluble components. The extraction of soluble compounds can be completed by agitation for about 60 minutes with a leach solution (water) in a water bath at 37℃. For the analysis of insoluble compounds, the sample filter and the filtration filter remaining after the extraction of the soluble compounds are analyzed. This allows simultaneous determination of soluble and insoluble metal compounds. For hexavalent chromium compounds, soluble hexavalent chromium can first be extracted from the filter by using sulfate buffer. The insoluble hexavalent chromium remaining in the filter can then be extracted using carbonate buffer. Conclusion: Workers are often exposed to many hazardous substances with different exposure limits at industrial sites. The OELs for compounds of the same metal can be set differently depending on solubility. This study can help evaluate a worker's exposure to metal compounds by suggesting methods for the simultaneous determination of soluble and insoluble metal compounds.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.67-71
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• 2017

Background: Job stress and job satisfaction are important factors affecting workforce productivity. This study was carried out to investigate the job stress, job satisfaction, and workforce productivity levels, to examine the effects of job stress and job satisfaction on workforce productivity, and to identify factors associated with productivity decrement among employees of an Iranian petrochemical industry. Methods: In this study, 125 randomly selected employees of an Iranian petrochemical company participated. The data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, Osipow occupational stress questionnaire to investigate the level of job stress, Job Descriptive Index to examine job satisfaction, and Hersey and Goldsmith questionnaire to investigate productivity in the study population. Results: The levels of employees' perceived job stress and job satisfaction were moderate-high and moderate, respectively. Also, their productivity was evaluated as moderate. Although the relationship between job stress and productivity indices was not statistically significant, the positive correlation between job satisfaction and productivity indices was statistically significant. The regression modeling demonstrated that productivity was significantly associated with shift schedule, the second and the third dimensions of job stress (role insufficiency and role ambiguity), and the second dimension of job satisfaction (supervision). Conclusion: Corrective measures are necessary to improve the shift work system. "Role insufficiency" and "role ambiguity" should be improved and supervisor support must be increased to reduce job stress and increase job satisfaction and productivity.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2006

이 논문의 주요 목적은 안전 분위기를 확인하여 공장과 근로자의 안전문화 수준에 영향을 주는 변수들을 찾아내고 더 나아가 화학공장의 안전문화를 향상시킬 수 있는 영향요소를 찾는데 있다. 이 논문에 사용된 질문표는 영국의 HSE(Health and Safety Executive) 의 질문표를 근간으로 문헌 조사를 통하여 경영자와 근로자로 분류하여 개발하였다. 안전문화 수준을 확인하기 위해 빈도수 분석을 하였으며 공장규모, 사고 발생, 사고 및 상해 경험과 심각성, 그리고 고용기간 등과 같은 영향변수들은 ANOVA(Analysis of Variance) 분석을 적용하여 테스트하였다. 빈도수 분석의 결과 일반적으로 경영자와 근로자 모두가 안전문화의 수준이 높게 나타났으며 주된 문제점들로는 부적당한 안전 보건 절차와 규칙, 생산에 대한 압력, 그리고 규칙위반으로 나타났다. 또한 ANOVA 분석결과에 의하면, '고용기간'은 다른 안전 문화의 수준을 만드는 유일한 변수인 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 안전문화의 조사로부터 공장들의 안전 문화요소에 대한 주요 3가지 문제점과 안전문화수준을 발견하였으며 안전 이행 능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 2가지 영향요소를 제안하였다.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 조선해양 작업장에서 발생하는 중대재해를 줄이고 체계적인 안전관리를 위하여 ETA(event tree analysis)기반 시나리오 도출 및 ICT 기술접목을 통한 안전관리 구축방안을 제안한다. 안전보건공단과 (구)국민안전처의 통계결과 조선해양 관련 중대재해 중 가장 많이 발생하는 사고유형은 떨어짐이고, 주요사고원인은 안전대 미착용 및 안전대 고리 미체결이다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 ETA기반의 시나리오를 작성하여 안전사항에 따른 결과를 도출하고 이 결과를 바탕으로 사고예방을 위한 ICT 기술접목으로 해결방안을 제시한다. ETA 기반 시나리오 도출 및 ICT 기술접목을 통해 제안한 해결방안으로는 안전대 및 안전모 착용여부 감지시스템, 안전대 고리 체결여부 감지시스템, 안전거리 측정을 위한 걸이설비 측정시스템이다. 안전사항별 시스템을 통해 작업자의 떨어짐 위험을 줄여 사망확률을 낮출 수 있다. 제안한 방안을 통해 사고를 예방함으로써 조선해양 분야의 중대재해를 줄이고 체계적인 안전관리를 도모한다.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Construction in the UK is the second most dangerous industry in terms of fatal and minor injuries according to the 2014 report of HSE. The use of mobile devices such as iPad, Tablets and Smart phones on the live construction projects is also on the increase in the UK due to the 2016 - Level 2 BIM (Building Information Modelling) implementation target, set by the UK Government. Hence, the use of such devices may become a distraction from work activities on the construction sites and will cause a major risk to the end users. The subject of improving safety of BIM use is widely researched, but there is a gap in knowledge about the actual use of the mobile devices and perception of 'Site BIM', on the construction site activities. The main gap identified in the 'Site BIM' is the health and safety aspect of using such devices on the construction sites. A safer way of working with such devices needs to be identified to avoid any potential site hazards and fatalities before the widespread use of the devices are found on the construction projects. In that context, the paper is aimed to highlight the safety issues that are required to address for the successful implementation of the mobile devices for safer use of the 'Site BIM'. Questionnaire survey was used to collect the site information among construction professionals in the UK. The survey findings suggested that a proactive approach may be helpful to stop potential hazards and risks causing by the use of mobile devices and potential measures need to be identified before any injuries and incidents occur. The paper concludes that training, changing size of mobile devices and ensuring a separate induction training for 'Site BIM' tools will improve the health and safety of the end users of the mobile devices at the live construction sites.