• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

Various offshore structures such as FPSO, FSO, Semi-submersible, TLP and Spar are operated to develop offshore oil and gas fields. Most of the offshore structures shall be operated over 20 years under the harsh environments at sites so that the offshore structures should be designed to endure the harsh environments. In this study, the effect of the impact load (so called slapping load) by the steep waves acting on the FPSO bow is investigated through the model test. For measurement of the impact pressures on the frontal area, a bow-shaped panel was fabricated, and installed the pressure sensors on the bow starboard side of the model FPSO. During the model test campaign, the impact load was investigated using the steep waves with $Hs/{\lambda}$ greater than 1/16 of the representative wave condition. Consequently, it is confirmed through the model test that the impact loads acting on the FPSO bow are significantly increased with the steep waves ($Hs/{\lambda}$ > 1/16) than the representative wave conditions of a maximum significant wave height and a pitch forcing period. Therefore, for safe design of North Sea FPSO, it is necessary to consider the steep waves in addition to the representative wave conditions and to be applied as proper structural load. Also, the effect of random seeds in irregular waves should be considered to build the safe FPSO.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.425-434
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• 2018

Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted to examine the relevance between nutrition intake, meal quality, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Koreans with metabolic syndrome. The 2,536 subjects, aged 19~64, who participated in 2015 National Nutrition Survey were included in this study. The 24-hour recall method was employed to analyze nutrition intake and dietary quality. Subjects were grouped into either the non-metabolic syndrome group (n=1,938) or the metabolic syndrome group (n=598). Total males and females were divided into 3 groups according to the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level to study its relationship to metabolic syndrome and its components, including odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI). Results showed the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was higher in the metabolic syndrome group (3.37) than non-metabolic syndrome group (1.57) (p<0.001). In the Index of Nutrition Quality, males in the non-metabolic syndrome group showed higher niacin (p<0.05) than males in metabolic syndrome group. Females in the non-metabolic syndrome group had higher vitamin $B_1$ (p<0.01), vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.001), niacin (p<0.05), calcium (p<0.001), and phosphate (p<0.01). Female in the high hs-CRP group showed high OR in blood glucose component (OR 2.488, 95% CI: 1.269~4.879) and metabolic syndrome risk (OR 2.856, 95% CI: 1.292~6.314). Females in the middle hs-CRP group had high triglycerides component (OR 2.956, 95% CI: 1.920~4.551), compared to the low hs-CRP group. The study showed females with higher hs-CRP had a higher risk of metabolic syndrome.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.328-335
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Vitamin D plays an important role in the etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study evaluated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic indices and hs-C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in GDM patients. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. Seventy-six pregnant women with GDM and gestational age between 24-28 weeks were assigned to receive four oral treatments consisting of 50,000 IU of vitamin $D_3$ (n = 38) or placebo (n = 38) once every 2 weeks for 2 months. Fasting blood glucose (FG), insulin, HbA1c, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, lipid profile, hs-CRP, and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured before and after treatment. Independent and paired t-tests were used to determine intra- and intergroup differences, respectively. ANCOVA was used to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on biochemical parameters. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo group, in the vitamin D group, the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased (19.15 vs. -0.40 ng/ml; P < 0.01) and that of FG (-4.72 vs. 5.27 mg/dl; P = 0.01) as well as HbA1c (-0.18% vs. 0.17%; P = 0.02) decreased. Improvements in the lipid profiles were observed in the vitamin D group, but without statistical significance. Significant increases in concentrations of hs-CRP, FG, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were observed in the placebo group. No significant change in fasting insulin and HOMA-IR was observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: In GDM patients, vitamin D supplementation improved FG and HbA1c but had no significant effects on lipid profile or hs-CRP.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.158-172
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• 2021

Background: Metabolic syndrome has been known as a risk of cardiovascular disease. Meanwhile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is used as a predictor of cardiovascular disease. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the association between hs-CRP and metabolic syndrome. Method: A total of 7,633 were chosen as the study population from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset (2016-2017). Our dependent variable was whether an individual had metabolic syndrome or not, and the independent variable of interest was hs-CRP which was categorized into three groups. The chi-square tests and hierarchical logistic regression analyses reflecting survey characteristics were conducted. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: According to the adjusted model with all covariates, compared to individuals having the low risk of hs-CRP, those having its average risk were more likely to have metabolic syndrome in men (odds ratio [OR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12-1.76) and women (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.33-2.16). Individuals having the high risk was not significantly different in men; however, they were more likely to have metabolic syndrome in women (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.28-3.23). Conclusion: In an upcoming aging society, it is important to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome to improve population health. This study suggests that hs-CRP may be used as a marker of the risk of metabolic syndrome in a gender-specific way, thereby contributing to enhancing awareness of the risk of metabolic syndrome among the general public.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.479-489
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• 2018

In this paper, a comparative study of the effects of soil modelling on the interaction between tunnelling in soft soil and adjacent piled structure is presented. Several three-dimensional finite element analyses are performed to study the deformation of pile caps and piles as well as tunnel internal forces during the construction of an underground tunnel. The soil is modelled by two material models: the simple, yet approximate Mohr Coulomb (MC) yield criterion; and the complex, but reasonable hardening soil (HS) model with hyperbolic relation between stress and strain. For the former model, two different values of the soil stiffness modulus ($E_{50}$ or $E_{ur}$) as well as two profiles of stiffness variation with depth (constant and linearly increasing) were used in attempts to improve its prediction. As these four attempts did not succeed, a hybrid representation in which the hardening soil is used for soil located at the highly-strained zones while the Mohr Coulomb model is utilized elsewhere was investigated. This hybrid representation, which is a compromise between rigorous and simple solutions yielded results that compare well with those of the hardening soil model. The compared results include pile cap movements, pile deformation, and tunnel internal forces. Problem symmetry is utilized and, therefore, one symmetric half of the soil medium, the tunnel boring machine, the face pressure, the final tunnel lining, the pile caps, and the piles are modelled in several construction phases.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.7-11
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• 2015

The luffing-tower crane (T/C) is a key facility used in the vertical and horizontal transportation of materials in a tall building construction. Locating the crane in an optimal position is an essential task in the initial stages of construction planning. This paper proposes a new optimization model to locate the luffing T/C in the optimal position to minimize the transportation time. A newly developed mathematical formula is suggested to calculate the transportation time of luffing T/C correctly. An optimization algorithm, the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, was used and the results show that HS has high performance characteristics to solve the optimization problem in a short period of time. In a case study, the proposed model offered a better position for T/C than the previous heuristic approach.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.91-109
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• 2008

The worldwide proliferation of regional trade agreements combined with rising interests of 37countries has led to the emergence of a possible GSTP between each country. Although there are many obstacles to GSTP, its effect, if a realized, will go beyond trade related issues. This study was to specify and estimate a model of Korea-GSTP Ground in Korea that can be used to evaluate and improve management decisions. The development of the model relied on several submodels. On the trade negotiation side, a import demand function was estimated in order to account for the increasing amount of import. In terms of margin of preference(MOP)s, they were used to estimate values after decreasing tax based on scenarios I, II, and III. The results showed that the highest effects for increasing value and amount of import are a freezing crab(HS code 0306143000) and freezing hairtail(HS code 0303793000). This paper will be provide to help policy makers understand the Korea-GSTP Ground in the Korea fishery.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.420-424
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• 2015

The luffing-tower crane (T/C) is a key facility used in the vertical and horizontal transportation of materials in a tall building construction. Locating the crane in an optimal position is an essential task in the initial stages of construction planning. This paper proposes a new optimization model to locate the luffing T/C in the optimal position to minimize the transportation time. An optimization algorithm, the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, was used and the results show that HS has high performance characteristics to solve the optimization problem in a short period of time. In a case study, the proposed model offered a better position for T/C than the previous heuristic approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.583-590
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• 2015

Submarine cable installation is essentials for grid connection between existing power grid and newly produced electricity which will be from offshore wind farm in Southwest sea area of Korea. Especially, submarine cable route and protection method is designed in order to ensure the economical efficiency, workability and stability of submarine cable installation. On this paper, we will give the basic information about the submarine cable route and protection method of offshore wind farm which will be built in Southwest sea area of Korea. For this, we have a numerical simulation at high and low tide based on the third-generation wave model SWAN(Simulating WAves Nearshore) using the long term wave data from Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST). The results of the study, year mean Hs is 1.03m, Tz is 4.47s and dominant wave direction is NW and SSW When the incident wave direction is NW(Hs: 7.0 m, Tp: 11.76s), the distribution of shallow water design wave height Hs was calculated about 4.0~5.0m at high tide and 2.0~3.0m at low tide. When the incident wave direction is SSW(Hs: 5.84 m, Tp: 11.15s), the distribution of shallow water design wave height Hs was calculated about 3.5~4.5m at high tide and 1.5~2.5m at low tide. The wave direction on a dominant influence in the section of longitude UTM 249749~251349(about 1.6 km) and UTM 251549~267749(about 16.2 km) in the submarine cable route are each NW and SSW. Prominently, wave focusing phenomenon appears between Wi-do and Hawangdeung-do, in this sea area is showing a relatively high wave hight than the surrounding sea areas.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

This research describes how to predict a model of the tensile strain related to the fatigue cracking performance of several asphalt concrete structures through design of experiments(e.g., Response Surface Methodology) and harmony search(HS) algorithm. The axisymmetric analysis program of finite element method, which is the KICTPAVE, was used to determine the strain level at the interface layer between asphalt layer and lean concrete layer. Once the training database set of various strain levels was constructed under the several condition of layer stiffnesses and thicknesses in the asphalt concrete structures, the data set was trained through the HS algorithm in order to determine the regression coefficients defined based on a response surface methodology. Furthermore, the testing set, which was not used for the training procedure of HS algorithm, was also constructed in order to evaluate whether the regression coefficients of a prediction model can be appropriately applied for other cases in asphalt concrete structures.