• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2018

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant and antidyslipidemic effects of Artemisiae iwayomogii Herba, Curcumae longae Radix and Plantaginis Semen complex extract(ACP) on HepG2 cells. We measured total polyphenols, total flavonoids, radical scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging activity of ACP to evaluate its antioxidant activity. HepG2 cells were treated with ACP. Then, we evaluated ROS production; intracellular GSH content; GPx, GR, SOD, and catalase activities; free fatty acids and MDA levels; and mRNA expression levels of ACAT1 and HMG-CoA reductase. Results: ACP contains polyphenols and flavonoids and increased the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities in HepG2 cells in a dose dependent manner. Also, ACP significantly reduced ROS production in HepG2 cells compared to the control group and significantly increased the GSH content, and elevated the enzyme activities of GPx, GR, and catalase in HepG2 cells compared to the control group. In addition, ACP reduced the mRNA expression of ACAT1 and HMG-CoA reductase in HepG2 cells compared to that in the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that ACP has an antioxidant effect and may suppress the expression of dyslipidemia - associated genes and thus may be useful for the improvement of dyslipidemia.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.423-427
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• 2009

This study investigated antithrombotic and hypocholesterolemic activities of defatted soybean grits (DSG) and fermented DSG (FD). The FD was prepared by the solid state fermentation using Bacillus subtilis NUC1 at $40^{\circ}C$ for 24h. The water extracts of fermented DSG (FDW) exhibited higher fibrinolytic activity and inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP than water extracts of DSG (DW). However, the DW and FDW inhibited HMG-CoA reductase activity and significantly decreased the intracellular cholesterol contents in HepG2 cells. In addition, DW treatment did not show any cholesterol adsorption capacity, while FDW demonstrated the highest cholesterol adsorption by 90%. The results suggest that fermented DSG have significant antithrombotic and hypocholesterolemic effects in vitro and these activities were improved during fermentation by B. subtilis NUC1.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.4447-4449
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• 2011

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.184.2-184.2
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• 2003

Many naturally occurring polyhydroxylated sterols and oxysterols exhibit potent biologic activities. The role of oxycholesterol including 2, 5(R)-2, 6-hydroxycholesterol is a potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis in vitro as it is an effective inhibitor of HMG-Coa reductase. Some new polyhydroxylated sterols were showed potent cytotoxicity to cancer cells. And it has also been chown to be an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, In order to synthesize the various oxy derivatives, we tried to positionselective and reagentselective epoxidation and reduction of cholesterol derivatives. (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.947-952
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate cholesterol improvement of fermented defatted soybean grits (FD) and FD added with 2.5, 5, 10% mung bean (FDM). The FD and FDM were prepared by the solid state fermentation using Bacillus subtilis NUC1 at $40^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr. More than 70% cholesterol adsorption of FD and FDM groups was shown. Particularly, FDM added with 2.5% mung bean (2.5% FDM) showed highest cholesterol adsorption by 90% among FD and FDM groups. 2.5% FDM showed 42% inhibition effect on HMG-CoA reductase, and significantly decreased the intracellular cholesterol contents in HepG2 cells. Apolipoprotein AI, CIII improvement effects of FD and FDM group in HepG2 cells showed most effects in the 2.5% FDM. The results suggest that FDM added with 2.5% mung bean may be beneficial to the prevention of hypercholesterol.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hyolbuchukeo-tang extracts on the hyperlipidemia rats induced by high fat diet. Methods and Materials: In vitro; The extracts prepared for Hyolbuchukeo-tang by hot water extraction (HH), fermentation(HF) and UMPM extraction(HU) method. The extracts were examined for levels of polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory potencies for HMG-CoA reductase. In vivo; Sprague-Dawley male rats of weighing $150{\pm}5g$ were randomly divided into six groups ; normal control diet(NC), and high fat diet(HC), high fat diet with treated lovastatin of 10mg/kg(PC), high fat diet with Hyolbuchukeo-tang extracts; HH, HF and HU treated extracts of 300mg/kg, respectively. Also, we compared the effects of the extracts of HH, HF and HU on rats fed high fat diet for four weeks. Results: 1. The content of polyphenol compounds and electron donating abilities(EDAs) was the HF higher than HH and HU. The superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activities were proportionate in consistency and they appeared highly from all extracts. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibition activities was highest activities in the HU. 2. The activities of serum GOT and GPT were significantly lower in the HH and HF groups. The level of serum triglyceride was significantly decreased in the HF group. HH and HU groups were significantly decreased in the atherogenic index(AI). The total cholesterol concentration in liver was significantly decreased in the HF group, and HU showed more significantly decreased in the triglyceride than of the lovastatin. Also, photomicrographs of liver tissue showed higher fat accumulation in the HC group than in the HH, HF and HU groups. Conclusions: These result suggest that the hyper-lipidemia caused by a high fat diet was effectively inhibited the administration of HF and HU.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 1998

Lovastatin is a lipid lowering agent for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and belongs to a new class of pharmacologic compounds called the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors. By competitively inhibiting HMG CoA reductase, lovastatin disrupts the biosynthesis of cholesterol in hepatic and peripheral cells and increases the synthesis of high-density-lipoprotein HDL) receptors. Following oral administration, the lactone ring of lovastatin is hydrolysed to the active inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase, lovastatin acid. Lovastatin is known to have poor oral absorption and wide individual variation. In this study, bioequivalence test of two lovastatin formulations, the test drug ($Lovaload^{TM}$, Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceutical Co.) and the reference drug ($Mevacor^{TM}$, Chung Wae Pharmaceutical Co.) were conducted according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). A total of 18 healthy male volunteers, $31.90\pm3.60$ years old and $72.17\;7.88$ kg of body weight in average, were evaluated in a randomized crossover manner with a 2-week washout period. Concentrations of lovastatin acid in plasma were measured upto 12 hours following a single oral administration of eight tablets (20 mg of lovastatin per tablet) by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 238 nm. The area under the concentration-vs-time curve from 0 to 12 hours $(AUC_{0-12h})$ was calculated by the trapezoidal summation method. The statistical analysis showed that there are no significant differences in $AUC_{0-12h),\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between the two formulations ($6.72\%,\;1.52\%,\;and\;0.88\$, respectively). The least significant differences between the formulations at $\alpha$=0.05 were less than $20\%\;(11.65\%,\;19.73\%,\;and\;14.81\%\;for\;AUC_{0-12h},\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$, respectively). The $90\%$ confidence intervals for these parameters were also within $\pm20\%\;(-1.50{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}15.00$, $-12.50{\leq}{\delta}{\leq}15.50,\;and\;-9.64{\leq}{\delta]{\leq}11.40{\leq}\;for\;\;AUC_{0-12h}$ ,$C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$, respectively). In conclusion, the new generic product $Lovaload^{TM}$ was proven to be bioequivalent with the reference drug.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.346-355
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility that administration of Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2 (BP2), Bacillus mojavensis KJS-3 (Moja3), and their mixtures could control serum lipid levels. We observed changes in the blood cell level, metabolic function evaluation, and blood lipid levels after two weeks of oral administration of these microbial strains to hyperlipidemia-induced rats. Measurements of major cell changes in the white blood cells (WBC) indicated no significant effects due to the administration of the microbial strains. Platelet (PLT) levels decreased by 18.4% in the Triton WR-1339-treated group (NCON) and recovered to the control (CON) group levels in the positive control (PCON) group and the microbial strain-administered groups (p<0.05). No functional changes were observed in red blood cells (RBC) by Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia. The blood AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine levels did not indicated effects on liver and kidney function, and all rats administered the microbial mixture recovered. The blood lipid levels in the microbe-treated groups indicated reduced levels of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), and increased levels of serum HDL cholesterol. The HMG-CoA inhibition rate of 7-O-succinyl macrolactin A (SMA) produced by BP2 showed similar activity at a concentration of 1,000 times lower than that achieved with atorvastatin. The administration of the microbial strains to the Triton WR-1339-induced rat model of hyperlipidemia resulted in reduced weight gain without affecting the food and water intake. Thus, blood circulation can be improved by controlling serum lipid levels by the combined administration of the BP2 and Moja3 microbial strains.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.367-375
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• 2017

Objective: To investigate the effect of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba, Curcumae Radix, and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus complex extract (ACA) on dyslipidemia-related factor expression and anti-oxidation in HepG2 cells. Method: After treatment with ACA in the HepG2 cells, DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, ROS production, and glutathione (GSH) production were measured. The free fatty acid, lipid peroxidation (MDA), ACAT1, and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expression were measured in the HepG2 cells after treatment with ACA. Results: 1. DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity increased in an ACA concentration-dependent manner. 2. ACA significantly decreased ROS production in comparison to the control group. 3. ACA significantly increased glutathione production. 4. ACA significantly decreased free fatty acid and lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the HepG2 cells. 5. ACA decreased the mRNA expression of ACAT1 and HMG-CoA reductase. Conclusion: These results suggest that Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba, Curcumae Radix, and Aurantii Fructus Immaturus complex extract (ACA) inhibits dyslipidemia-related factor expression and that it is effective in anti-oxidation. A future in vivo experiment with ACA is needed to investigate the effect on anti-dyslipidemia. It is expected that ACA is effective in anti-dyslipidemia and applied to cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, etc.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.366-369
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• 2004

Myristica fragrans Houtt were extracted in 80% aq. MeOH and solvent fractionated sing $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, n-BuOH and water, successively. The n-BuOH fraction gave three phenylpropanoids through application of silica gel column chromatographies. The chemical structures of the phenylpropanoids were determined by the interpretation of several spectral data, including NMR and MS as meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (1), nectandrin B (2) and syringin methyl ether (3). Compound 1, which was first isolated from this plant by authors, showed inhibitory activities with $60.0{\pm}2.1%\;(100\;{\mu}g/ml),\;42.6{\pm}0.9%\;(140\;{\mu}g/ml)\;and\;12.2{\pm}0.2%\;(200\;{\mu}g/ml)$ on ACAT(acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase), chitin synthase III and HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase), respectively. Compound 3 showed inhibitory activities with $27.2{\pm}0.9%\;(100\;{\mu}g/ml),\;45.5{\pm}0.8%\;(200\;{\mu}g/ml)$ on ACAT and chitin synthase III.