• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.940-947
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• 2017

Goat milk has a protein composition similar to that of breast milk and contains abundant nutrients, but its use in functional foods is rather limited in comparison to milk from other sources. The aim of this study was to prepare a goat A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction with improved digestibility and hypoallergenic properties. We investigated the optimal conditions for the separation of A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction from goat milk by pH adjustment to pH 4.4 and treating the casein suspension with calcium chloride (0.05 M for 1 h at $25^{\circ}C$). Selective reduction of ${\beta}$- lactoglobulin and ${\alpha}_s$-casein was confirmed using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The hypoallergenic property of A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction was examined by measuring the release of histamine and tumor necrosis factor alpha from HMC-1 human mast cells exposed to different proteins, including A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction. There was no significant difference in levels of both indicators between A2 ${\beta}$-casein treatment and the control (no protein treatment). The A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction is abundant in essential amino acids, especially, branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine). The physicochemical properties of A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction, including protein solubility and viscosity, are similar to those of bovine whole casein which is widely used as a protein source in various foods. Therefore, the goat A2 ${\beta}$-casein fraction may be useful as a food material with good digestibility and hypoallergenic properties for infants, the elderly, and people with metabolic disorders.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.486-492
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• 2015

Drug metabolism mostly occurs in the liver. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a drug-metabolizing enzyme that is responsible for many important drug metabolism reactions. Recently, the US FDA and EU EMA have suggested that CYP enzyme induction can be measured by both enzymatic activity and mRNA expression. However, these experiments are time-consuming and their interassay variability can lead to misinterpretations of the results. To resolve these problems and establish a more powerful method to measure CYP induction, we determined CYP induction by using luminescent assay. Luminescent CYP assays link CYP enzyme activity to firefly luciferase luminescence technology. In this study, we measured the induction of CYP isozymes (1A2, 2B6, 2C9, and 3A4) in cryopreserved human hepatocytes (HMC424, 478, and 493) using a luminometer. We then examined the potential induction abilities (unknown so far) of mesalazine, a drug for colitis, and mosapride citrate, which is used as an antispasmodic drug. The results showed that mesalazine promotes CYP2B6 and 3A4 activities, while mosapride citrate promotes CYP1A2, 2B6, and 3A4 activities. Luminescent CYP assays offer rapid and safe advantages over LC-MS/MS and qRT-PCR methods. Furthermore, luminescent CYP assays decrease the interference between the optical properties of the test compound and the CYP substrates. Therefore, luminescent CYP assays are less labor intensive, rapid, and can be used as robust tools for high-throughput CYP screening during early drug discovery.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2007

Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) is used in traditional oriental medicine for various medicinal purposes. However, the exact mechanism that accounts for the anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory effects of the AR is still not fully understood. The aim of The present study is to elucidate whether and how AR modulates the allergic reactions in vivo, and inflammatory reaction in vitro. In this study, we showed that AR significantly decreased compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis, paw oedema, and histamine release from preparation of rat peritoneal mast cells. Also, AR inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokine in PMA plus A23187-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). In addition, we showed that anti-inflammatory mechanism of AR is through suppression of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ activation $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$degradation. These results provided new insight into the pharmacological actions of AR as a potential molecule for therapy of inflammatory allergic diseases.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2021

This study was conducted to find a candidate prescription with anti-inflammatory efficacy of 7 herbal prescriptions known to be effective in atopic dermatitis and sleep disorders in Korean medicine. The anti-inflammatory of the 7 herbal prescriptions extracts were evaluated by ELISA assay and Western blot assay. 7 herbal prescriptions, Seongyutang(SU), Danseontoetang(DST), Sotosajahwan(ST), Jisiljagyagsan(JJ), Seokchangpo(SCP), Wiryeongseon(WLS), Gogojohwan(GGJ) 30 % EtoH extract was used for in vitro experiments. In TNF-α + IFN-γ(TI) stimulated HaCaT cells, all 7 herbal prescriptions reduced TARC and MDC production, and JJ strongly reduced TARC and MDC production at 100 ㎍/ml concentration. SCP strongly reduced MDC production at 10 ㎍/ml and 100 ㎍/ml concentration. In addition, in substance P(SP)/CRH stimulated HMC-1 cells, JJ strongly inhibited VEGF production at both 10 and 100 ㎍/ml concentrations. In LPS/CRH stimulated Raw264.7 cells, all 7 herbal prescriptions significantly inhibited TNF-α. PMA + Ionomycin(PI)/CRH stimulated EL4 cells, SU significantly reduced IL-4 production at both concentrations of 10 and 100 ㎍/ml. WLS significantly reduced IL-17 production at both concentrations of 10 and 100㎍/ml. This suggests that 7 herbal prescriptions have anti-inflammatory effects by reducing inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes, mast cells and macrophages caused by inflammation. Therefore, it is expected that 7 herbal prescriptions that are effective for sleep disorders and atopic dermatitis can be used as therapeutic materials for sleep disorders and diseases associated with atopic dermatitis.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.776-782
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• 2005

생리활성이 우수한 귀리추출물 4개 분획인 A분획($55^{\circ}C$, 15%, pH 6), B분획($45^{\circ}C$, 15%, pH 6), C분획($50^{\circ}C$, 0%, pH 7) 및 D분획($50^{\circ}C$, 10%, pH 5)을 대상으로 산업적인 정제가능성을 조사하기 위하여, 식품용 전분 분해 효소$({\alpha}-amlyase)$를 사용하여 정제하면서 ${\beta}-glucan$의 특성변화를 조사하였다. 추출물 상등액에 $({\alpha}-amlyase)$를 가하고 $95^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 반응하는 과정을 3회 반복하여 각 시료당 3개의 하위분획을 얻었다. 최종 정제 후 81.4-88.2% 순도의 ${\beta}-glucan$을 얻었고, 단백질 및 회분 함량은 각각 4.1-6.3% 및 2.6-6.2% 범위였다. 점도는 정제 후 HMC의 점도와 유사해졌고, 구성당은 glucose만이 정량되었으나 xylose, arabinose 등이 TLC상에 소량 확인되었다. 평균분자량은 $2.0{\times}10^6-5.1{\times}10^6$ 범위에서 약간 감소하였으며. 열분석결과 ${\beta}-glucan$의 피크온도는 약 $130-140^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 정제도에 따라 증가 또는 감소하였으나 엔탈피는 증가하였다. ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3)$에 대한 ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}4)$ 결합비는 1:2.20에서 정제 후에는 최대 1:5.50까지 증가였다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 정제조건에 의하여 점도의 변화가 없는 범위에서 ${\beta}-glucan$의 ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3)$ 결합의 분해가 증가하면서 평균 분자량이 감소하는 특성을 가진 80% 이상의 ${\beta}-glucan$분획을 얻을 수 있었다.