• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of manual facilitation and a stick on lumbar and hip joint flexion angles in subject with lumbar flexion syndrome during forward bending from a sitting position. Fifteen subjects with lumbar flexion syndrome were recruited for this study. As a pretest, all subjects performed three repetitions of bending the trunk forward until the tips of their fingers touched the target bar. After this pretest, the subjects practiced the forward bending of the trunk 10 times, using either manual facilitation or a stick. Then, as a posttest, all subjects repeated the pretest procedure. The flexion angles of lumbar spine and hip joint during forward bending in a sitting position were measured using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. A paired t-test was used to determine the statistical differences between pre-test and post-test flexion angles and pre- and post-test flexion angle differences between forward bending with manual facilitation and forward bending with a stick. The level of statistical significance was set at p=.05. The results of the study showed that the angle of the lumbar flexion decreased significantly and the bilateral hip flexion angle increased significantly when performing forward bending with stick and manual facilitation. Furthermore, the angle of lumbar flexion decreased significantly and the angle of bilateral hip flexion increased significantly in forward bending with a stick compared to forward bending with manual facilitation. The findings of this study indicate that both forward bending with manual facilitation and sticks could be used to prevent excessive lumbar flexion and increase hip flexion, and that forward bending with a stick is more effective than forward bending with manual facilitation for inducing lumbar spine and hip joint angle changes.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare kinematic data between experts and novices, and identify difference kinematic parameters changing direction to kick in penalty kick of soccer play. Novice subjects were 5 high school students Who has never been experienced a soccer player, and expert subjects were 5 competitive high school soccer players. The 3-d angle was calculated by Euler's Angle by inertial axis and local axis with three-dimensional cinematography. Kinematic parameters in this study consisted of angles of knee joints, hip joints, lower trunk and upper trunk when the support foot was contacted on ground and kicking foot impacted the ball. The difference of angle of knee joints in the flexion/extension was insignificantly showed below $4{\sim}9^{\circ}$ in groups and directions of ball at the time of support and impact. But the difference of angle of hip joint was significant in groups and directions of ball at the time of support and impact. Specially the right hip joint of experts were more flexed about $12^{\circ}$($43.99{\pm}6.17^{\circ}$ at left side, $31.87{\pm}4.49^{\circ}$ at right side), less abducted about $10^{\circ}$ ($-31.27{\pm}4.49^{\circ}$ at left side, $-41.97{\pm}6.67^{\circ}$ at right side) at impact when they kicked a ball to the left side of goalpost. The difference of amplitude angle in the trunk was significantly shown at upper trunk not lower trunk. The upper trunk was external rotated about $30^{\circ}$ (novice' angle was $-16.3{\pm}17.08^{\circ}$, expert's angle was $-43.73{\pm}12.79^{\circ}$) at impact. Therefore the significant difference of kinematic characteristics could be found at the right hip joint and the upper trunk at penalty kick depending on the direction of kicking.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2015

Objective : In order for Taekwondo athletes to perform destructive kicking performance, they are expected to have Taekwondo-specific muscle properties such as high muscle strength and power. The purpose of this study was to investigate the joint angle-dependent force-producing property of Taekwondo athletes' knee extensor muscles, which is one of the primary muscle groups involved in kicking performance. Method : Ten Taekwondo male athletes (age: $19.9{\pm}0.7yrs$, height: $180.6{\pm}6.2cm$, body mass: $75.9{\pm}8.9kg$, career: $9.2{\pm}2.9yrs$.) and 10 healthy male non-athletes (age: $26.3{\pm}2.6yrs$, height: $174.2{\pm}4.8cm$, body mass: $72.8{\pm}7.7kg$) participated in this study. Subjects performed maximum isometric knee extension at knee joint angles of $40^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $80^{\circ}$, and $100^{\circ}$ (the full knee extension was set to $0^{\circ}$) with the hip joint angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $80^{\circ}$ (the full extension was set to $0^{\circ}$). During the contractions, knee extension torque using an isokinetic dynamometer simultaneously with muscle activities of the rectus femoris (RF), and the vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) using surface electromyography were recorded. Based on the torque values at systematically different knee-hip joint angles, the joint torque-angle relationships were established and then the optimal joint angle for the knee extensor was estimated. Results : The results of this study showed that the isometric knee extension torque values were greater for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group at all hip-knee joint angle combinations (p<.05). When the hip joint was set at $80^{\circ}$, the peak isometric torque was greater for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group ($313.61{\pm}36.79Nm$ and $221.43{\pm}35.92Nm$, respectively; p<.05) but the estimated optimum knee joint angles were similar ($62.33{\pm}5.71^{\circ}$ and $62.30{\pm}4.67^{\circ}$ for the Taekwondo athletes and non-athlete group, respectively). When the hip joint was set at $0^{\circ}$, the peak isometric torque was greater for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group ($296.29{\pm}45.13Nm$ and $199.58{\pm}25.23Nm$, respectively; p<.05) and the estimated optimum knee joint angle was larger for the Taekwondo athletes compared with the non-athlete group ($78.47{\pm}5.14^{\circ}$ and $67.54{\pm}5.77^{\circ}$, respectively; p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study suggests that, compared with non-athletes, Taekwondo athletes have stronger knee extensor strength at all hip-knee joint angle combinations as well as longer optimum muscle length, which might be optimized for the event-specific required performance through prolonged training period.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.756-773
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• 2024

This study proposes a prototype design method for pants suited to adult women with a difference of 27cm or more between the circumference of their waist and hip. The first pattern was modified around the hem, in the number of darts at the waist and in the slope of the front center. The second pattern was modified in the position of the waist darts and the length of the front and back darts. The third pattern showed side-line wrinkling, so the slope of the side-line and the number of darts were adjusted. Pants patterns for women with large hips can be calculated by inserting the difference between hip and waist circumference in the settings for the center front angle, center back angle, front side line angle, back side line angle, dart length, etc. This enables designers to draft pants patterns suited to the body shape of women with a difference in hip and waist circumference of 27cm or more.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the hip internal rotation angle and the site of herniation of single level lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods This study was carried out to 418 patients with lumbar disc herniation diagnosed by M.R.I, who visited Bu-Chun Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine with low back pain. Researchers measured their hip internal rotation angle and analyzed the relationship between the hip internal rotation angle and the site of herniation of single level lumbar intervertebral disc. Results 1. Excessive right internal rotation of hip joint increases risk of L5/S1 HIVD. 2. Limited left internal rotation of hip joint decreases risk of L4/L5 HIVD. 3. In cases of L4/L5 HIVD level, there was evidence that the prevalence of HNP in men was 1.85 times as higher than that in women. 4. In cases of L5/S1 HIVD level, there was the evidence that the prevalence of HNP in men was 0.64 times as lower than that in women. Conclusions In single-segment lumbar HIVD patients, limited left internal rotation of hip joint decreases risk of HIVD of L4/5 and excessive right internal rotation of hip joint mainly leads to L5/S1 HIVD.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2011

Although there have been various studies related to the body's movement from a sitting to a standing position (sit-to-stand task), there is limited information on the kinematic changes on the frontal and transverse planes. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how pelvic tilt affects kinematic changes in the frontal and transverse planes in the hip and knee joints during a sit-to-stand task. For this study, 33 healthy participants (13 female) were recruited. Each participant rose from a sitting to a standing posture at his or her preferred speed for each of three different pelvic tilt trials (anterior, posterior, and neutral), and the measured angles were analyzed using a 3-D motion analysis system. A one-way repeated measure analysis of variance was performed with Bonferroni's post hoc test. In addition, an independent t-test was carried out to determine the sex differences in hip and knee joint kinematic changes during the sit-to-stand tasks. The results were as follows: 1) The hip and knee joint angle in the frontal and transverse planes showed a significant difference between the different pelvic tilt postures during sitting in the pre-buttock lift-off phase (pre-LO) (p<.05). Compared to the posterior pelvic tilt posture, the anterior pelvic tilt posture involved significantly greater hip joint adduction and internal rotation, knee joint adduction, and reduced internal rotation of the knee joint. 2) Sex differences were found with significant differences for males in the initial and maximal angles in the frontal plane of the hip and knee joint (p<.05). Females had a significantly smaller initial abduction angle of the hip joint and a significantly greater maximal angle of the hip adduction joint. These results suggest that selecting a sit-to-stand exercise for pelvic tilt posture should be considered to control abnormal movement in the lower extremities.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in biomechanical variables of golf driving motion according to gender. Method: A total of 21 healthy golfers (11 men and 10 women) who have more than 5 years of professional experience and have been registered in the Korea Golf Association was recruited. A 250-Hz 8-camera motion capture system (MX-T20, Vicon, LA, USA) was used to capture the motion trajectories of a total of 42 reflective markers attached to the golfer's body and club. Moreover, two 1,000-Hz AMTI force plates (AMTI OR6-7-400, AMTI, MA, USA) were used to measure the ground reaction force. The mean and standard deviation for each parameter were then calculated for both groups of 21 subjects. SPSS Windows version 23.0 was used for statistical analysis. The independent t-test was used to determine the differences between groups. An alpha level of .05 was utilized in all tests. Results: There were differences in joint angles according to gender during golf driver swing. Men showed a statistically significantly higher peak joint angle and maximum range of angle in sagittal and frontal axis of the pelvis, hip, and knee. Moreover, women's swing of the pelvis and hips was found to have a pattern using the peak joint angle and range of angle in the vertical axis of the pelvis and hip. There were the differences in peak joint moment according to gender during golf driver swing. Men used higher joint moment in the downswing phase than women in the extensor, abductor, and external rotator muscles of the right hip; flexor and adductor muscles of left hip joint; and flexor and extensor muscles of the right knee. Conclusion: This result reveals that male golfers conducted driver swing using stronger force of the lower body and ground reaction force based on strength of hip and thigh than female golfers.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2009

In this study, we would be developed the fuzzy controlled PGO that controlled the flexion and the extension of each PGO's hip joint using the bio-signal and FSR sensor. The PGO driving system is to couple the right and left sides of the orthosis by specially designed hip joints and pelvic section. This driving system consists of the orthosis, sensor, control system. An air supply system of muscle is composed of an air compressor, 2-way solenoid valve (MAC, USA), accumulator, pressure sensor. Role of this system provide air muscle with the compressed air at hip joint constantly. According to output signal of EMG sensor and foot sensor, air muscles and assists the flexion of hip joint during PGO gait. As a results, the maximum hip flexion angles of RGO's gait and PGO's gait were about $16^{\circ}\;and\;57^{\circ}$ respectively. The maximum angle of flexion/extention in hip joint of the patients during RGO's gait are smaller than normal gait, because of the step length of them shoes a little bit. But maximum angle of flexion/extention in hip joint of the patients during PGO's gait are larger than normal gait.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2020

Purpose : The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the abdominal draw-in exercise (ADIE) and the dead bug exercise (DBE) on the pelvic anterior tilt angle and the activities of the gluteus maximus (GM), erector spinae (ES), and semi tendinosus (ST) during prone hip extension. Methods : A total of 22 female adults with weak abdominal muscles were divided into two groups: ADIE group (n=11) and DBE group (n=11). The muscle activities of the GM, ES, and ST along with the pelvic anterior tilt angle during prone hip extension were measured using a wireless surface electromyograph and gyro sensor before performing the prescribed exercise. Two groups conducted the assigned exercise for 10 minutes. After the exercise, their muscle activities and the pelvic anterior tilt angle were equally re measured. Results : In the DBE group, the muscle activity of GM was significantly increased after the intervention (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the amount of increase in the activity of GM (p>0.05). Moreover, in both groups, the activity of ES and the pelvic anterior tilt angle decreased significantly after the intervention (p<0.05) The decreased quantity in the pelvic anterior tilt angle and in the activity of ES showed no difference between the two groups (p>0.05). In the activity of ST, there was no significant difference within and between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion : Therefore, we suggest that ADIE and DBE are effective for women with weak abdominal muscles since the ES activity and pelvic anterior tilt angle are reduced during prone hip extension.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanical factors that are crucial to the successful double salto backward piked dismount on the parallel bars. The subjects were 5 national gymnasts(G1: sucessed landing, G2: failed landing), two video cameras were used to record the dismount of the subjects. It summarizes that (a) It is important to make small slope angle(X axis, Y axis) at release, whereas it makes large shoulder angle and trunk rotation angle. (b) It is important to prepare landing in advance, reducing vertical velocity and making large hip angle at BTO(body take off). (c) It is also important to make small knee angle and hip angle, and reduce the angle of trunk rotation.