• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제94권2호통권159호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the geographic variation among provenances of Pinus densiflora in survival rate and height growth at four test plantations (Jungsun, Chungju, Naju, and Jeju). The plantations were parts of the eleven provenance trials of Pinus densiflora established by Korea Forest Research Institute in 1996. The survival rate and height growth were significantly different among test plantations at $p{\leq}0.01$. Latitude and longitude of test plantation were negatively correlated with survival rate and height growth. On the other hand, annual mean temperature, mean temperature (Nov.~Feb.), extremely low temperature (Dec.~Feb.), and annual mean growing days of test plantation were positively correlated with these two. The relationships between growth variables and geographic variables were analysed with canonical correlation analysis. A considerable amount of variation in survival rate and height growth was explained by latitude, annual mean growing days, extremely low temperature (Dec.~Feb.) and extremely high temperature (Nov.~Feb.) of provenances. It is estimated that up to 47.1% and 67.4% of the genetic variability in survival rate and height growth was attributable to the environmental variability of the provenances, respectively. The response surface curve of survival rate and height growth was plotted against latitude and longitude to examine growth performance of provenances for each test site. Generally, the local provenances showed better survival rate and height growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1983

Survival and height growth affected by cutting diameter were studied to find out the optimum size of cuttings in Populus nigra${\times}$p. maximowiczii $F_1$ clones. The size of the cuttings should be at least 8mm, when 80 percent of survival rate is considered as a standard. The height growth was increased with increase of cutting diameter for two months after planting and, after two months, effect of cutting diameter on height growth was decreased since July. However, the survival rate and height growth of large cuttings (above 13mm) showed better than small cuttings (below 13mm), when the cutting sizes are divided into two groups. Height growth per day was reached at peak during August, and then it was gradually decreased. It was considered that the height growth terminated in early 10 days of October.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2000

Excessive soil water in paddy field induces growth losses during the vegetative stages of soybean plants. Our objectives were to know growth responses of soybean as affected by the level of ridge heights. A field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Korea University near Seoul in 1996. Ten cultivars of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) were planted at the ridge heights of 10, 30, and 50cm in paddy soil on 27 June. Total dry matter accumulation at the 10cm ridge height was severely decreased until the growth stage of R5 as compared to the ridge heights of 30 and 50cm, and this decrement was mainly due to both reduced leaf and stem dry weights. However, seed dry weight was not significantly decreased at the lower ridge height with the increment of harvest index. Cultivar differences were found on seed dry weight, crop growth rate from R1 to R5, and leaf/stem ratio of R5. From the above results, soybean growth responses to excessive soil water in paddy field were different between seed filling stage and late vegetative to early reproductive growth stages.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-22
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between weak children and growth indices. Methods One hundred twenty-six of the first and the second grade elementary school students who didn't have to develop yet their secondary sexual characteristics answered the questionnaire. Their bone age and body composition were measured. Results 1. According to the Weak Children questionnaire analysis, respiratory problem was one of the biggest problems in the weak children group (35.7%), followed by digestive problems (23.0%), psycho-neurological problems (22.2%), neuromotor problems (9.5%), and urogenital problems (8.7%). 2. From the comparison between growth indices of weak children and that of normal children are as follows: 1) The group of children who had problem in their digestive system had lower growth indices than the normal average children group. The growth indices includes mean height, weight, total body water, protein mass, mineral mass, body fat, skeletal muscle mass, body fat percentage, body mass index (BMI), and basal metabolic rate (BMR). 2) The children who had urogenital weakness had lower mean height, RH (Recent Height), RH - MPH {Recent Height(%) - Mid-Parental Height(%)}, RUS (Radius, Ulna and Short bone) score, weight, protein mass, body fat, BMI, and visceral fat than the normal children group. 3. The results of the multiple comparisons of growth indices and weak children groups are as follows: 1) Digestive weak children were the lowest in total body water, protein mass, mineral mass, skeletal muscle mass, and basal metabolic rate. 2) Urogenital weak children were the lowest in height, RH, RH - MPH, RUS score, and weight. Conclusion These results showed that children's growth is strongly correlated to their own growth problems, especially to those children who have digestive and urogenital problems. Therefore, this may be an effective way for children growth treatment in Korean medicine to treat weak symptoms.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.196-209
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• 2024

This study aimed to develop a mixed plantation strategy, with Sal (Shorea robusta) as the primary tree species, along with four associated and two naturally grown tree species. Using a randomized complete block design (RCBD), the field experiment involved a control group (mono plantation) and three mixed plantation groups, each replicated four times, totaling 80 replicates (40 in 2019 and 40 in 2020). Survival rate, height and collar diameter growth of seedlings were recorded in both mono and mixed plots in July 2021. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA on means from three replicate plots (p<0.05) and a Tukey HSD test, were conducted to assess differences between treatments. Significant differences in survival rates were found among mono plantations, with T_Mono04 showing the highest survival rate (88% to 91%). However, there were no significant differences in survival rates among seedlings in mixed plantations. Notably, survival rates were lower in mono plantations compared to mixed plantations. Mono plantations showed significant differences in height growth across both 2019 and 2020 plots, with T_Mono05 achieving the highest height growth (101.1 cm to 123.6 cm). Similarly, mixed plantations showed significant differences in height growth, with T_Mixed7 displaying the most substantial growth (116.4 cm to 138.2 cm). Overall, mixed plantations showed greater height growth compared to mono plantations. Significant variations in collar diameter growth were noted in both the 2019 and 2020 mono plantation plots, with T_Mono01 showing the highest growth (10.2 mm to 11.1 mm). Similarly, among mixed plantations, a significant difference in collar diameter growth was observed, with T_Mixed4 exhibiting the highest growth (10.4 mm to 13.1 mm). Overall, mixed plantations showed higher collar diameter growth compared to mono plantations. The findings suggest that planting Sal trees alongside compatible associated and naturally grown tree species in the Sal forests is preferable over establishing mono plantations.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.197-209
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• 1985

To investigate the relationship between the pubertal spurt in body height and bone maturity of the hand-and-wrist in normal occlusion, the author X-rayed the hand-and-wrists of 1,141 students (male 614, female 527) and assessed their bone maturity. In this study, eleven skeletal stages were selected. The bones used to determine skeletal maturity were the ulnar sesamoid of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the first finger, the epiphyses of the proximal, middle, distal phalanges of the third finger, and middle phalanx of the fifth finger, and distal epiphysis of the radius. From the longitudinal data for height, an assessment was made of the change in growth velocity. The pubertal growth stage was divided into onset and peak height velocity phases. The results were as follows; 1. The onset of the pubertal growth was between the $PP_3=\;and\;MP_3=$ stage for boys, and between the $MP_3=\;and\;MP_5=$ stage for girls; the mean age of onset was 10.6 years for boys and 9.0 years for girls. 2. The peak height velocity was between the S and $MP_{3_{cap}}$ stage for boys, and between the $MP_{3_{cap}}$ and $MP_{5_{cap}}$ stage for girls; the mom age of peak height velocity was 12.5 years for boys and 10.9 years for girls. 3. As the stages of bone maturity progressed from $DP_{3u},\;to\;PP_{3u},\;MP_{3u}$, Ru, the peak height velocity had been reached, and the growth rate retarded, therefore the approach to full physical maturity was attained. 4. The evidence for the period of onset, peak height velocity and bone maturation suggested that girls were in advance of boys. During the latter part of pubertal growth, the rate of boys' bone maturation was faster than that of girls'.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1974

The age of maximum growth increments-the adolescent spurt-is not only of developmental interest but is used as a marker for timing other growth events. And the mandibular growth rate follows the general growth curve, it is essential for an orthodontist to take the current and exact information about physical growth of patients. The author measured and studied the body height and weight of 11,694 children living in Seoul, and calculated out the mean, standard deviation, coefficient value, annual increments, percentage increments of each value, and made diagram to compare it with others. 1. The growth curve shows linear increment tendency until 17 years of age in male, 15 years in female. 2. The annual increment curves of body height and weight reveals the most peak value in 14-16 years in male and 11-14 years in female. 3. During 11-14 years of age, female growth exceed the male growth in the body height growth. And in weight growth, female growth exceed the male growth during 6-7 years and 11-12 years to show twice crossing. 4. It seemed that until 11-12 years in male and until 9-10 years in female the height growth show the priority to weight growth. And from 17 years in male and 15 years in female the body growth reveals the balanced growth pattern. 5. The time of changes of standard deviation curves of body height and weight coincided with that of annual increments. 6. The prominent high value of body height and weight in the comparison with other data may be due to the secioeconomical and nutritional, environmental influence. 7. The growth accerlation phenomena was detectable.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.197-199
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• 1991

Growth of ginseng and physical properties of soil were compared with bed height in experimental plots of sand loam for four year and clay loam soil for three year old ginseng plants, respectively. Field survey was also carried out to compare yield and soil physical properties with bed height in the same fold of six years old ginseng fields. High yield of ginseng root was observed at high bed both in the experimental plots and field survey as well. The rate of rusty root was significantly reduced at high bed. Soil porosity increased but soil hardness decreased at high bed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.81-93
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• 1980

The interrelationships between growth rates (and size) of the selected cranifacial dimensions and body dimensions (height and weight) were investigated in the longitudinal data of primary school children from 6 to 11 years of age. The data were obtained from serial cephalometric radiographs and health record which were taken at one year interval. Regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The main concludions might be summarized as follows; 1. Size relationships between body height (and weigh) and S-Gn, posterior facial height (s-Go), total mandibular length (Ar-Gn) showed high significant correlation, but no association between body height, weight and anterior cranial base length (S-N). 2. Correlation coefficients between facial dimensions and body height (and weight) were getting lower with age increase. 3. At all age groups, significant prediction equation for some facial dimensions with body height and weight were obtained. 4. In this sample, the growth rates of facial dimensions and body height and weight showed almostly constant during this age period and the growth rate of body height and weight of girls was exceeded that of boys. 5. A relatively high degree of variation between individuals existed in the sample. 6. A positive correlation was found for the relationship between the growth rates of facial dimensions and those of body height (and weight) in boys and girls, but was not found in total samples.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2016

Potassium is well-known to improve turfgrass tolerance to environmental stresses such as low temperature and drought stress. Low mowing height reduces leaf area of turfgrass that is main place for photosynthesis and carbohydrate production. Closely-mowed turf would suffer from summer decline by low level of carbohydrate resulted from low photosynthesis of reduced leaf area. The objective of the study is to investigate K rate and mowing height for Kentucky bluegrass. The K rate treatments were 5, 10, and $20g\;K_2O\;m^{-2}$ for the low, medium and high K rates, respectively. The bi-weekly mowing treatment was made for treatments. Mowing was implemented at 40 and 100 mm using a rotary mower. Regardless K rates, the high mowing height would be required when the air temperature is higher than $28.5^{\circ}C$ and high turfgrass quality of Kentucky bluegrass is needed. When the air temperature is optimal for cool-season grass, the high mowing height and the low K rate is needed for the root length of Kentucky bluegrass.