• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2006

We have established three immortal bovine muscular epithelial (BME) cell lines, one spontaneously immortalized (BMES), the second SV40LT-mediated (BMEV) and the third hTERT-mediated (BMET). The morphology of the three immortal cell lines was similar to that of early passage primary BME cells. Each of the immortal cell lines made cytokeratin, a typical epithelial marker. BMET grew faster than the other immortal lines and the BME cells, in 10% FBS-DMEM medium, whereas neither the primary cells nor the three immortal cell lines grew in 0.5% FBS-DMEM. The primary BME cells and the immortal cell lines, with the exception of BMES, made increasing amounts of p53 protein when treated with doxorubicin, a DNA damaging agent. On the other hand, almost half of the cells in populations of the three immortal cell lines may lack $p16^{INK4a}$ regulatory function, compared to primary BME cells that were growth arrested by enforced expression of $p16^{INK4a}$. In soft-agar assays, the primary cells and immortal cell lines proved to be less transformed in phenotype than HeLa cells. The three immortal epithelial-type cell lines reported here are the first cell lines established from muscle tissue of bovine or other species.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.989-998
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• 2022

Objective: This study investigated the effects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) during late pregnancy on the cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation in ovine fetal thymuses. Methods: Eighteen time-mated Mongolian ewes with singleton fetuses were allocated to three groups at d 90 of pregnancy: restricted group 1 (RG1, 0.18 MJ ME/body weight [BW]^0.75/d, n = 6), restricted group 2 (RG2, 0.33 MJ ME/BW^0.75/d, n = 6) and control group (CG, ad libitum, 0.67 MJ ME/BW^0.75/d, n = 6). Fetuses were recovered at slaughter on d 140. Results: The G0/G1 phase cell number in fetal thymus of the RG1 group was increased but the proliferation index and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were reduced compared with the CG group (p<0.05). Fetuses in the RG1 group exhibited decreased growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R), and their mRNA expressions (p<0.05). For the RG2 fetuses, there were no differences in the proliferation index and PCNA expression (p>0.05), but growth hormone (GH) and the mRNA expression of GHR were lower than those of the CG group (p<0.05). The thymic mRNA expressions of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs including CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4), CCNE, E2-factors (E2F1, E2F2, and E2F5) were reduced in the RG1 and RG2 groups (p<0.05), and decreased mRNA expressions of E2F4, CCNA, CCNB, and CCND were occurred in the RG1 fetuses (p<0.05). The decreased E-cadherin (E-cad) as a marker for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was found in the RG1 and RG2 groups (p<0.05), but the OB-cadherin which is a marker for activated fibroblasts was increased in fetal thymus of the RG1 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate that weakened GH/IGF signaling system repressed the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase in IUGR fetal thymus, but the switch from reduced E-cad to increased OB-cadherin suggests that transdifferentiation process of EMT associated with fibrogenesis was strengthened. The impaired cell growth, retarded proliferation and modified differentiation were responsible for impaired maturation of IUGR fetal thymus.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.614-620
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• 2009

We report non-specific immune responses and its disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda by alga mixture (HE; Hizikia:Ecklonia) in olive flounder for the first time. Five isonitrogenous (44% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.1 MJ $kg^{-1}$) diets were formulated to have 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of the alga mixture. One of five experimental diets was fed triplicate groups of fish (30 fish/group) to apparent satiation in a flow through system. After a two week feeding, blood was sampled at 3, 6, 12, 24 h after the last feeding for a kinetic measurement of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activity and healthy fish with similar sizes in each tank were selected and injected with 1 mL of E. tarda suspension ($1.0\times10^7$ CFU/mL) to evaluate the disease resistance of the fish. Dietary supplementation of alga mixtures resulted in significantly higher non-specific immune responses compared with the fish fed the control diet. The cumulative mortality was significantly lower in the fish groups fed alga mixture containing diets than control group in the challenge test with E. tarda. Therefore, the results in this study indicate that dietary supplementation of Hizikia and Ecklonia mixtures enhance the non-specific immune responses and a disease resistance of olive flounder.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1994

Expression of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) has been described in the rat ovary. It remains, however, unkown whether GnRH is synthesized as a prohormone. Therefore, this study was performed to verify the expression of pro-GnRH by in situ hybridization and further to investigate the effect of gonadotropin on GnRH or GnRH mRNA in rat ovary by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques. Adult female Sprague-Dawely rats were used and the estrous cycle was synchronized by intraperitoneal injection of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin(PMSG). Ovaries were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded with G.C.T. compound and cut by cryostat. For immunohistochemistry, avidin-biotin peroxidase complex(ABS) method was employed and for in situ hybridization, $^{35}S$-end labeled oligonucleotide was used and followed by autoradiography. By in situ hybridization using GnRH oligomer and GAP(GnRH associated protein) oligomer, GnRH mRNA and GAP mRNA were co-localized in the fullicular cells, luteal cells, interstitial cells and theca cells. GnRH or GnRH mRNA signals in the ovary increased by human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG) injection. At the 3 and 6 hrs after hCG injection, the number of GnRH and GnRH mRNA containing cells increased rapidly and the density of GnRH and GnRH mRHA culminated at 9 hrs after heG injection. With the follicular development, the high expression of GnRH and GnRH mRNA was also observed within the follicles. After ovulation, the density of GnRH or GnRH mRNA decreased in the follicles but increased in the corpus lutea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권10호
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• pp.1425-1434
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• 2011

This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of the processing method of common vetch seed (CVS) (Vicia sativa) on laying performance, egg quality, metabolic parameters and liver histopatology during the peak production period in hens. Lohman layers, 46 wk of age in 6 replicate cages each containing 4 hens, were allocated randomly to one of four dietary treatments. Diets were control (C) diet containing no common vetch and experimental diets containing 25% raw common vetch (RCV), 25% soaked in water for 72 h with exchange of water every 24 h (SCV) and 25% soaked&boiled at $100^{\circ}C$ for 30 minute common vetch (SBCV). Inclusion of RCV into the diet deteriorated all laying performance variables. SCV did not alleviate the adverse effect of raw common vetch on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. SCV partially alleviated egg production (p<0.001). SBCV diminished the adverse effect on feed intake, egg weight, feed conversion, final weight and weight change compared to raw vicia sativa (p<0.001). No significant difference was detected between SBCV and the control group in terms of egg production, feed conversion, final weight and weight change. Regardless of the processing method, all the common vetch groups had lower shell strength compared to the control group. Haugh units did differ between all groups (p<0.001). Inclusion of RCV and SCV into the basal diet decreased triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein and serum glucose concentrations (p<0.001). Hovewer, inclusion of SBCV into the basal diet increased these parameters. Liver samples were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and evaluated by light microscopy. A biopsy of native liver tissue was used as a control. No histopathologic finding was present in the control group. Raw V. sativa compared with the control caused lipid accumulations in hepatocytes, severe congestion of hepatic blood vessels, inflammation, increased numbers of Kupffer cells and sinusoidal dilatations. Whereas, the livers from groups given treated V. sativa showed only different degrees of sinusoidal dilatations. Findings from the present study point out the risk of increased hepatic damage due to use of raw Vicia sativa. Increasing treatment of V. sativa lead to a decrease of liver damages. Inclusion of raw and soaked vetch seeds in rations affected adversely all parameters examined in laying hens. But alleviation was observed when soaked and boiled vetch seeds (SBCV) were fed. The results of these experiments indicated that soaked&boiled Vicia sativa seeds may safely be used at a 25% level in rations of laying hens.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2005

위암의 한 아형인 간양 선암은 조직학적으로 간세포암종과 형태학적으로 유사하며 알파태아단백 생산을 특징으로 한다. 간양 선암의 또 하나의 특징은 간과 림프절로의 조기 전이를 함으로써 불량한 예후를 갖는다는 것이다. 저자들은 간전이를 동반한 위의 간양 선암 1예를 보고하고자 한다. 소화불량을 주소로 내원한 52세 남자 환자는 위내시경 검사상 Borrmann 제2형 병변이 위암이 의심되었다. 환자의 혈청 알파태아단백은 123 ng/ml로 증가되어 있었다. 근치적 위아전절제술과 간우엽절제술을 시행하였고 조직학적 소견상 위의 병변은 점막하층에 국한된 간양 선암이었으며 간의 병변은 위로부터 전이된 선암이었다. 결국 환자는 위암 4기(T1N1M1)로분류되었다. 위의 간양 선암은 조기병변에서도 불량한 예후군으로 분류될 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low doses of organic trace minerals (iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) on productive performance, egg quality, yolk and tissue mineral retention, and fecal mineral excretion of laying hens during the late laying period. Methods: A total of 405 healthy hens (HY-Line White, 50-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 9 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments included feeding a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at commercial levels (CON), a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (ITM), and a basal diet + proteinated trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (TRT). The trial lasted for 56 days. Results: Compared to CON, ITM decreased (p<0.05) egg production, daily egg mass, albumen height, eggshell strength, yolk Fe concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein, and increased (p<0.05) egg loss and feed to egg ratio. Whereas with productive performance, egg quality, yolk mineral retention, and serum indices there were no differences (p>0.05) between CON and TRT. The concentrations of Fe and Mn in the tissue and tibia were changed notably in ITM relative to CON and TRT. Both ITM and TRT reduced (p<0.05) fecal mineral excretion compared to CON. Conclusion: These results indicate that dietary supplementation of low-dose organic trace minerals reduced fecal mineral excretion without negatively impacting hen performance and egg quality.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.707-712
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• 1998

한국 남해 연근해에서 어획된 12종의 주요 어류 (표$\cdot$중충회유어 5종: 멸치, 숭어, 전어, 방어, 고등어: 연안암초어 3종: 조피볼낙, 참돔, 감성돔: 저서어 4종: 도다리, 붕장어, 넙치, 말쥐치)를 대상으로 하여 그들의 일반성분조성과 CHOL 및 $\alpha$-Toc 함량의 계절변화를 검토하였다. 지질과 수분함량은 역의 상관관계(r=-0.86, p<0.001)로 계절에 따라 뚜렸한 변화를 나타내었으나, 단백질 및 회분함량은 거의 변화가 없었다. 멸치, 전어, 감성돔, 도다리, 붕장어, 넙치, 말쥐치는 각각 12월, 10월, 11월, 9월, 1월, 1월, 11월에 지질함량이 높았고, 산란기에 해당하는 계절에 지질함량이 낮아 산란의 영향이 큰 어종이었다. 그러나 숭어, 방어, 고등어, 조피볼낙, 참돔의 지질함량 변화는 산란의 영향보다는 수온과 섭이량의 영향이 큰 것으로 생각되었다. CHOL의 함량변화는 지질함량변화와 정의 상관관계 (r=0.89, p<0.001)를 나타냈으나, $\alpha$-Toc 함량은 계절에 따른 변화가 인정되지 않았다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.277-281
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• 2008

HIV에 감염된 환자의 경우 다양한 종류의 암이 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이러한 암종의 높은 발생률의 원인으로, 감염에 의한 면역세포의 감소 및 결핍과 같은 간접적인 이유 뿐 아니라, HIV 바이러스 단백질의 발현이 직접적으로 병의 발생에 관여한다는 보고가 있다. 본 연구에서는 HIV 환자에서 높게 나타나는 암의 발생에 대한 기전을 이해하기 위하여 HIV-1 Tat 유전자와, 다수의 암 발생과 관련이 있는 세포막단백 CD99와의 관계를 규명하였다. 먼저 CD99의 발현에 미치는 Tat의 영향을 알아보기 위하여 HIV-1 Tat 발현 안정화 세포주를 확립하고 Tat 단백에 의한 CD99 유전자의 발현 양상 변화를 분석하였다. 실험결과 Tat의 발현에 의하여 CD99 유전자의 발현이 활성화되는 것이 관찰되었으며 이와 반대로 STAT3의 발현은 낮아졌다. CD99 프로모터는 CpG 함량이 높기 때문에 Tat 단백이 DNA 메칠화를 통해서 CD99 유전자의 발현을 조절하는지 확인하기 위하여 methylation specific PCR을 수행하였고 Tat의 발현이 높은 곳에서 특이적으로 CD99 프로모터 부위가 탈메칠화되는 것을 발견하였다. Tat 발현 세포에서만 특이적인 발현 차이를 보이는 유전자 분석을 위한 Differentially Expressed Gene keratin 17과 collagen, type IV 증가됨이 확인되었다. 위의 결과는 HIV Tat 단백이 직접 세포 단백들을 조절하여 암을 발생시킬 수 있다는 보고를 뒷받침한다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 한방 천연 미백 소제를 개발하기 위하여 삼릉추출물의 미백 효과에 대하여 연구하였다. 삼릉추출물은 프리 라디칼 소거활성(DPPH)에서 $IC_{50}=638{\mu}g/mL$, superoxide radicals 소거활성은 $IC_{50}=21.7{\mu}g/mL$을 나타냈다. 삼릉추출물의 B16 melanoma 세포에서의 멜라닌 생합성 저해효과는 $100{\mu}g/mL 삼릉추출물을 48 h 처리한 세포에서는 멜라닌 합성량이 27% 감소되었다. 삼릉 추출물은 농도에 비례하여 B16 melanoma 세포내의 타이로시네이즈 활성을 저해하였으며, western blot을 이용하여 타이로시네이즈와 타이로시나아제 관련 단백질(TRP-1)의 발현감소를 확인하였다. 또한, RT-PCR을 이용하여 삼릉추출물이 멜라닌 생성 과정에 관련하는 유전자 발현을 조사한 결과 타이로시네이즈와 TRP-1의 mRNA발현을 억제하는 것을 확인하였다. 그러므로 삼릉추풀물은 항산화 효과와 함께 멜라닌 저해 효과가 우수하여 새로운 미백 화장품으로 응용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.