• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.736-743
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to research the current home delivered meal (HDM) service programs for seniors living in the community. Fifty seven centers which operated a HDM service program were surveyed with respect to their administrative structure, menu management, food purchasing and production management, hygiene and equipment and facility. -Statistical data analyses were completed using the SAS 8.1 program for descriptive analysis and t-test. The results showed that 55 percent of the study group were from 70 to 79 years old. All of the participants received free HDM. As a result of the meal cost analysis, the meal cost at 56.1% of the HDM service centers was from ￦2,000 to ￦2,499 per meal. A total of 68.4% of the HDM service centers were operated without the services of a dietitian. According to the menu analysis, all nutrients except Vitamin B2 were at levels of more than 33% of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for Koreans. Although 96.6% of the HDM service centers required a therapeutic diet menu for the health of the elderly recipients, 68% of the directors responded that they could not afford to serve therapeutic meal. Food purchasing, menu planning and other foodservice management processes were handled by non-professionals, such as volunteers, cooks or social workers. Forty two percent of the HDM service centers never used standard recipes. For determining portion sizes, 75.4% of the HDM service centers depended on personal experience. Finally, the current HDM service programs for the homebound elderly were not operated systematically. It is suggested that professionally trained personnel should be included among the staff members to provide a more effective HDM service. The HDM service programs should be supported financially and systematically by the government.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.182-187
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• 2021

Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. Previous studies have reported that the receptors of LTB4, BLT1, and BLT2 play mediatory roles in the allergic airway inflammation induced by ovalbumin (OVA). However, considering that house dust mites (HDMs) are the most prevalent allergen and well-known risk factor for asthmatic allergies, we are interested in elucidating the contributory roles of BLT1/2 in HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation. Our aim in this study was to investigate whether BLT1/2 play any roles in HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation. In this study, we observed that the levels of ligands for BLT1/2 [LTB4 and 12(S)-HETE (12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid)] were significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after HDM challenge. Blockade of BLT1 or BLT2 as well as of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) or 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) markedly suppressed the production of TH2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and alleviated lung inflammation and mucus secretion in an HDM-induced eosinophilic airway-inflammation mouse model. Together, these results indicate that the 5-/12-LO-BLT1/2 cascade plays a role in HDM-induced airway inflammation by mediating the production of TH2 cytokines. Our findings suggest that BLT1/2 may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with HDM-induced allergic asthma.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.59.1-59.12
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• 2020

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. To understand AD, there have been many trials establishing AD animal models. Although various trials to establish AD animal models have been existed, even the mechanisms of AD in animal models are not enough clarified. Objectives: This study assessed AD characteristics induced in Nishiki-nezumi Cinnamon/Nagoya (Nc/Nga) mice following trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) treatment for different periods and house dust mite (HDM) treatment to compare each model's immunological patterns, especially with cytokine antibody array tool. Methods: In this study, we exposed Nc/Nga mice to TNCB or HDM extract to induce AD. Nc/Nga mice were divided into 4 groups: control, TNCB 2 weeks-treated, TNCB 8 weeks-treated, and HDM-treated groups. After AD induction, all mice were evaluated by serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration and serum cytokine antibody assays, scoring of skin lesions, scoring of scratching frequency, and histological analysis. Results: The results showed significant differences between groups in serum IgE concentration, skin lesion scores, and scratching frequency. The analysis results for serum cytokine antibody arrays showed that in the TNCB 8 weeks- and HDM-treated groups, but not in the TNCB 2 weeks-treated group, expressions of genes related to the immune response were enriched. Among the histological results, the skin lesions in the HDM-treated group were most similar to those of AD. Conclusions: We confirmed that immunological pattern of AD mice was markedly different between HDM and TNCB treated groups. In addition, the immunological pattern was quietly different dependent on TNCB treated duration.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2015

The gingival epithelium of the oral cavity is constantly exposed to exogenous stimuli such as bacterial toxins, allergens, and thermal changes. These exogenous stimuli are resisted by innate host defense in gingival epithelial cells. However, it is unclear exactly how the exogenous stimuli affect detrimentally on the human gingival epithelial cells. Here, we investigated whether the allergen, such as house dust mite (HDM) extract, is linked to $Ca^{2+}$ signaling and proinflammatory cytokine expression in primary cultured human gingival epithelial cells. HDM extract induced an increase in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) in a dose-dependent manner. Extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ depletion did not affected on the HDM extract-induced increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. The HDM extract-induced increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was abolished by the treatment with U73122 and 2-APB, which are inhibitors of phospholipase C (PLC) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ($IP_3$) receptor. Moreover, HDM extract induced the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-8. These results suggest that HDM extract triggers $PLC/IP_3$-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ signaling and IL-8 mRNA expression in primary cultured human gingival epithelial cells.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5D호
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• pp.783-796
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 1998년부터 소성변형의 방지를 위해 도입되어 온 내유동포장의 도입 타당성을 검정하기 위해 일반포장과 내유동포장의 공용성 및 경제성을 비교평가하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 34구간의 실제 국도의 포장 데이터를 수집하여 러팅(rut depth) 자료를 기반으로 포장의 장기 공용성 및 경제성 분석을 실시하였다. 포장별 공용성 예측을 위해 소성변형(Rutting) 자료를 기반으로 세계은행에서 개발한 HDM-4의 악화추정모형을 이용하였으며, 분석기간동안에 발생하게 되는 관리자비용과 이용자비용을 경제성 평가기준으로 고려하였다. 나아가 최적유지보수 시점과 예산의 확보수준에 따른 포장 공용성의 변화 추이도 살펴보았다. 40년 장기 분석기간을 통해 대부분의 대상 포장 구간에서 내유동포장이 유지관리 측면에서 경제적인 것으로 나타나 내유동포장의 도입 타당성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 포장관리시스템의 유지관리 및 의사결정에 HDM-4의 적용가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 다만, 이 결과는 본 연구의 대상구간인 34개 포장단면의 러팅(rut depth) 자료를 기반으로 한 분석이며 향후 종단평탄성과 균열 데이터도 포함한 공용성 및 경제성 분석이 요구된다. 또한, 사회-환경비용, 공사로 인한 지체비용 등에 대한 추가적인 고려가 필요할 것으로 판단되며 포장의 장기 공용성(LTPP)자료의 확보에 대한 노력도 필요할 것이다.

• Architectural research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2007

The proliferation of the House Dust Mite(HDM) is affected by temperature, humidity, ventilation, etc. Measuring temperature and humidity was performed at the very location where dust samplings take place and where they live in reality together with temperature and humidity of the ambient of the room. There has been discussion over the key environment factor of HDM survival; absolute humidity or relative humidity. It seems that relative humidity is the more important determinant for the mite's survival through the analysis of previous studies. Temperature, humidity, ventilation rate and Der P1 were measured in 4 flats in London. Mite allergen was detected in every house. Levels of Der P1 varied between <100ng/g and 22,778ng/g. Flats with high relative humidity(>50%) and poor ventilation(<0.5ach) showed higher levels of mite allergen than flats with lower humidity and adequate air change rate. Questionnaire survey was conducted and the result helped to confirm the findings from monitoring of environmental factors and the dust sampling.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.735-741
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate if the supplement formula may improve alcohol metabolism in healthy adult men. In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover study, subjects were administrated yeast extract mixtures (YEM, n=15), Hovenia dulcis mixtures (HDM, n=15), placebo (PLA, n=15), and control (CON, n=15) in an oral dose followed by one week washout periods. At each visit (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 week), subjects drank 450 mL, 20.1 percent alcohol after administered mixtures. Blood was drawn periodically (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 15 hours). Fifteen subjects completed the protocol and were included in the analysis. Plasma ethanol concentration was lower in YEM (10 percent) and the HDM (5 percent) groups. The area under the curves (AUC) and $C_{max}$ for plasma ethanol were significantly decreased only in the YEM group, when compared with the CON group. The AUC and $C_{max}$ for plasma acetaldehyde concentration were significantly decreased in the YEM (45 and 54 percent) and the HDM (35 and 53 percent) groups respectively, when compared with PLA (p<0.01). Together, these findings validate that YEM or HDM improved alcohol metabolism and hangover syndromes, leading to reduce alcohol concentration and acetaldehyde concentration without adverse effects.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.645-654
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• 2014

현재 우리나라 일반국도의 포장관리시스템(PMS: Pavement Management System)은 세계은행(World Bank)이 주도한 HDM (Highway Development and Management)-4를 사용하여 유지보수 의사결정의 기초 자료로 사용하고 있으나, 과다한 입력변수와 모형의 불확실성 등으로 인해 국내 실정에 적합한 경제성 분석모형이 필요하게 되었으며, 대부분의 선진국의 경우에는 각 지역과 국가에 맞는 PMS 시스템을 구축하여 운영하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우리나라 실정에 맞고 효율적인 국도의 도로 및 포장관리를 위한 의사결정시스템을 개발하기 위한 연구로써 시스템 개발에 필요한 구성요소, 공용성 모형 개발, 각 요소별 활용가능한 원단위, 기준 등의 지표 정의 및 종류, 특성들을 분석, 정리하고 경제성 평가를 통해 최적 의사결정을 위한 시스템(S/W) 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 포장관리를 위해 개발한 의사결정시스템의 구성요소는 크게 1)도로, 교통, 사회경제 지표 등의 DB, 2) 도로포장상태의 공용성 모형, 3)도로포장상태에 따른 차량속도변화 모형, 4)경제성 평가 모형, 5) 의사결정지원 시스템으로 구성되며, 개발된 시스템의 검증을 위해 사례 구간을 대상으로 한 분석결과도 함께 제시하였다. 그러나 장래 확률적 특성을 고려한 공용성 모형의 개발과 의사결정을 위한 지표 개발에 대해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.176-180
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• 1981

국내의 산란노계와 브로일러로부터 생산(生産)된 수동발골육(HDM) 및 기계발골육(MDM)을 여러가지 비율(比率)로 배합(配合)하여 제조(製造)한 치큰 패티와 프랑크푸르트 소시지의 특성(特性), 보존성(保存性), 기호성(嗜好性)을 평가(評價)하였던 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. HDM을 사용한 치큰 패티의 TBA시험에 의한 지방산패도는 냉동저장중 계속 증가하였으나 8주(週)까지는 보존성이 양호(良好)였다. 2. 치큰 패티의 색(色)과 기호성(嗜好性)에 있어 MDM을 50%까지 첨가한 것이 가장 우수하였고 50%까지도 양호(良好)하였으나 70%이상 첨가는 권장할 수 없었다. 3.프랑크푸르트 소시지의 제조에 있어 MDM을 50%까지 첨가한 것의 기호성이나 조직적 특성은 HDM으로만 만든 제품과 비등하게 양호(良好)하였으나 70% 이상 첨가한 것은 불량(不良)하였다. 4. MDM을 함유(含有)한 프랑크푸르트 소시지의 보존성(保存性)은 $4^{\circ}C$에서 4주까지 무난하였으며 저장 기간에 따른 TBA 값의 변화는 거의 없었다. 5. 결론적으로 치큰 패티나 프랑크푸르트 소시지등의 육제품(肉製品) 제조에 있어서 MDM을 총원료육의 $30{\sim}35%$까지 첨가하여도 조직이나 기호성이 우수한 제품을 생산(生産)할 수 있었다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.435-437
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• 2012

House dust mite (HDM) is important in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases including asthma and atopic dermatitis. Dermatophagoides pteronissinus (Dp) is one of major HDM allergens. In this study, we investigated that Dp extract (DpE) affects on the chemotactic activity of monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood. DpE inhibited the migration of human monocytes in response to CC chemokines such as MIP-$1{\alpha}$, RANTES, HCC-4, MCP-1, and TARC. DpE did not alter the expression of CC chemokine receptors (CCRs) such as CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5. These results indicate that DpE blocks the chemotaxis of human monocytes and its mechanism is not involved in alteration of CCR expression. Better understanding of the effect of DpE on monocytes will enable elucidation of the role of Dp in the development of allergic diseases.