• BMB Reports
• /
• 제42권7호
• /
• pp.393-400
• /
• 2009

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is a proven biomarker for the monitoring of changes in antioxidant and anti-inflammation capability of body fluids. The beneficial virtues of HDL are highly dependent on its lipids and protein compositions, and their ratios. In normal state, the HDL particle is enriched with lipids and several HDL-associated enzymes, which are responsible for its antioxidant activity. Lower HDL-cholesterol levels (<40 mg/dL) have been recognized as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, as well as being a known component of metabolic syndrome. Functional and structural changes of HDL have been recognized as factors pivotal to the evaluation of HDL-quality. In this review, I have elected to focus on the functional and structural correlations of HDL and the roles of HDL-associated apolipoproteins and enzymes. Recent clinical applications of HDL have also been reviewed, particularly the therapeutic targeting of HDL metabolism and reconstituted HDL; these techniques represent promising emerging strategies for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, for drug or gene therapy.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.262-269
• /
• 1997

There are many different views of the opinion that smoking decreased the HDL cholesterol. So this cross-sectional study was attempted to find the influence which smoking, alcohol and weight affect HDL cholesterol. They were two groups;smoking group(409 males) and nonsmoking group(213 males). And HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and total cholesterol of smoking group were compaired to them of nonsmoking group. Also the variables of age, relative weight, and alcohol were compaired. The HDL cholesterol of nonsmoking group was 47.2$\pm$10.1 mg/dl and the HDL cholesterol of smoking group was 45.5$\pm$10.7mg/dl. So there were no statistical difference. As smoking was increased in amount, HDL cholesterol was decreased slightly. According as the alcohol intake increases, especially only the HDL cholesterol of the moderate alcohol intake(101-200gm/week) group was significantly increased(P<0.05). As relative weight increases, HDL cholesterol were significantly decreased(P=0.007). Smoking was not statistical difference of HDL cholesterol. Moderately alcohol intake group(101-200gm/week) were increased the HDL cholesterol(P<0.05). Only relative weight was statistically decreased the HDL cholesterol(P<0.01). Multiple regression results that relative weight and alcohol were significant variable of the level of HDL cholesterol.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 1984

Twenty three healty women on self - selected diet were given 800IU of tocopherol daily for 4 weeks. The levels of tocopherol in plasma and red blood cells( RBC ) and total choles terol, TG, HDL- chol, HDL subfractions and lipoprotein pattern in serum were determined pre-and postregimen at 2 and 4 weeks. No significant change was noted in VLDL, LDL, HDL fraction and LDL/HDL ratio separated by electrophoresis, even though HDL fraction was decreased at 2 wk but slightly increased at 4 wk. There were also no significant changes in the relative amount of HDL-chol and VLDL-chol when cholesterol content of each lipoprotein fraction was assayed. A transient increase in LDL-chol was observed at 2 wk but returned to the pretreatment level. Plasma and RBC tocopherol levels were significantly ( p ^lt;0.05 ) increased and decreased respectively, at both 2 and 4 wk, and LDL-chol was positively correlated to plasma tocopherol level ( p<0.05 ) but not to RBC tocopherol. However HDL-chol fractionated by heparin-Mn was increased at 2 and 4 wk by a significant increase in $HDL_{2}$-chol but no change in $HDL_{3}$-chol, which resulted in a significant reduction of $HDL_{3}$/HDL ratio and increase of $HDL_{2}/HDL$ and $HDL_{2}/HDL_{3}$ ratios. HDL- chol was negatively correlated to the levels of LDL-chol ( p<0.05), VLDL-chol (p<0.01), and T-chol/HDL ratio ( p<0.01 ). Serum TG was significantly decreased ( p <0.05 ) but total cholesterol was decreased only at 4 weeks.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.100-110
• /
• 2008

Recently, a lot of epidemiological studies revealed that low HDL-cholesterol level was a better predictor of risk for coronary heart disease than total cholesterol. This study investigated the anthropometric parameters, clinical blood indices, and dietary factors influencing serum HDL-cholesterol level by using a cross-sectional study for Korean female college students. The subjects were 94 female college students. They were divided into three groups according to their serum HDL-cholesterol levels, low HDL-cholesterol (<50 mg/dL, n=20), medium HDL-cholesterol (50 $\leq$, < 60 mg/dL, n=39) high serum HDL-cholesterol groups (60 $\leq$ mg/dL, n = 35). This study examined their demographic data and dietary intake throughout a questionnaire. Clinical blood indices were measured using an automatic blood chemistry analyzer (Selectra E), after 12 hours of fasting. BMI, body weight, fat mass, and waist circumferences were significantly increased according to low serum HDL-cholesterol levels. Serum lipid analysis showed a significantly higher level of TG, LDL-/HDL-Ratio, atherogenic index in the low HDL-cholesterol group. Serum levels of GPT, uric acid and alkaline phosphatase in the low HDL-cholesterol group were significantly higher than in the other group. The average consumption of energy was 1627 kcal and 77.76% of estimated energy requirement (EER). The mean ratio of calories from carbohydrate: protein: fat was 57:15:28. The low HDL-cholesterol group was significantly higher than the other groups in eggs, fat and oils consumption. Interestingly, milk and diary products consumption of low HDL-cholesterol group was half (p < 0.05) of those of the other groups. In conclusion, serum HDL-cholesterol levels appeared to be decreased by increasing BMI, fat mass, waist circumference, and serum TG level. In addition, some dietary factors seemed to be related to serum HDL-cholesterol levels. However, further research is needed to elucidate the exact relationship between serum HDL-cholesterol level and dietary factors.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.245-252
• /
• 2018

한국 노인을 대상으로 대사증후군 예측인자로서 혈중 Non HDL-콜레스테롤과 중성지방/HDL-콜레스테롤 비율의 임상적용 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 2015년 1월부터 2017년 12월까지 경기지역 종합병원의 건강검진센터를 내원하여 건강검진을 실시한 65세 이상 노인을 1,543명을 대상으로 하였다. 대사증후군은 American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI)기준에 따라 진단하였다. 복부비만은 World Health Organization (WHO) West Pacific Region에서 제시하는 아시아-태평양인의 기준을 적용하였다. Non HDL-콜레스테롤은 총콜레스테롤과 HDL-콜레스테롤의 차이로 계산하였다. 대사증후군 예측력은 Non HDL-콜레스테롤보다 중성지방/HDL-콜레스테롤 비율이 높게 나타났다. 관련요인을 보정한 후 중성지방/HDL-콜레스테롤 비율은 1사분위수보다 4사분위수의 대사증후군 발병 위험이 높았다. 또한 대사증후군 발병을 예측하는 중성지방/HDL-콜레스테롤 비율의 적정 기준값은 2.8이었다. 중성지방/HDL-콜레스테롤 비율은 대사증후군 위험을 평가하는 간단하고 실용적인 지표가 될 수 있겠다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.291-297
• /
• 2009

Apolipoprotein (apo) C-III is a marker protein of triacylglycerol (TG)-rich lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and has been proposed as a risk factor of coronary heart disease. To compare the physiologic role of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) with or without apoC-III, we synthesized rHDL with molar ratios of apoA-I:apoC-III of 1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2. Increasing the apoC-III content in rHDL produced smaller rHDL particles with a lower number of apoA-I molecules. Furthermore, increasing the molar ratio of apoC-III in rHDL enhanced the surfactant-like properties and the ability to lyse dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. Furthermore, rHDL containing apoC-III was found to be more resistant to particle rearrangement in the presence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) than rHDL that contained apoA-I alone. In addition, the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activation ability was reduced as the apoC-III content of the rHDL increased; however, the CE transfer ability was not decreased by the increase of apoC-III. Finally, rHDL containing apoC-III aggravated the production of MDA in cell culture media, which led to increased cellular uptake of LDL. Thus, the addition of apoC-III to rHDL induced changes in the structural and functional properties of the rHDL, especially in particle size and rearrangement and LCAT activation. These alterations may lead to beneficial functions of HDL, which is involved in anti-atherogenic properties in the circulation.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 1985

The development of radioimmunoassay (RIA) for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in Japanese quail serum will contribute to the screening of drugs acting on cholesterol transport. We have developed a double antibody RIA method for J. quail HDL. The first antibody was raised in rabbit by immunization of HDL isolated by the dextrane sulfate-$Mn^{#}$ precipitation method. For the preparation of raclioiodinated antigen, HDL was further purified by combination of electrophoretic procedure. Using the second antibody raised in goat by rabbit IgG, we have furnished the RIA method for HDL. It showed high specificity and sensitivity of working assay range, 0.1-33.mu.g HDL/tube. There was no correlation between the radioimmunoassay of HDL and the enzyme assay of HDL-cholesterol.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.2219-2231
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 우리나라 30세 이상 성인들의 허혈성심장질환(ischemic heart disease, IHD) 발생률을 계산하고, 지질지표(콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤, 저밀도지단백콜레스테롤)가 허혈성심장질환 발생에 미치는 위험도를 파악하고자 19개 대학 및 종합병원의 건강검진센터에서 검진을 받은 417,642명을 대상으로 1993년 9월부터 2009년 6월까지 평균 8.5년동안 허혈성심장질환의 발생을 추적관찰하였다. 자료수집은 검진자들에 대한 설문조사지를 이용하였고, 허혈성심장질환의 발생여부는 국민건강보험공단의 데이터베이스에서 확인하였다. 발생률은 발생밀도로 계산하였고, 혈청지질 지표에 따른 허혈성심장질환의 발생 위험도는 콕스의 비례위험 회귀모형을 이용하여 연령, BMI, 생활양식을 보정한 상태에서 성별에 따른 위험요인별 위험비와 95% 신뢰구간을 계산하였다. 연구결과 TC/HDL 비의 증가에 따라 IHD의 발생 위험비는 남자에서 1.21배에서 1.84배까지, 여자는 1.26배에서 1.86배까지 증가하였으며, TG/HDL 비의 증가에 따른 IHD의 발생 위험비는 남자에서 1.17배에서 1.49배까지, 여자는 1.42배에서 1.97배까지, LDL/HDL 비에 따라 IHD의 발생 위험비는 남자에서 1.26배에서 1.82배까지, 여자는 1.26배에서 1.68배까지 증가하였다. 결론적으로 혈청지질지표는 심혈관질환의 중요한 위험요인으로 총콜레스테롤, 저밀도지단백콜레스테롤, 중성지방은 혈중 농도가 높을수록, 고밀도지단백콜레스테롤은 낮을수록 IHD의 위험이 높아지는 것으로 나타났고, TC/HDL 비, TG/HDL 비, LDL/HDL 비에서 단독의 지질지표보다 위험도가 더 높게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 따라서 추후 허혈성 심장질환의 예방 및 관리에는 혈청지질지표의 비도 감안하여야 한다.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.151-158
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations among the anthropometry, serum lipid levels and nutrient intake in Korean female university students. The subjects were 119 female students at a university located in Incheon. This study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric data were measured and blood lipid levels were analyzed. Nutrient intake collected from 3 day-recalls was analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 program. Average age, height and weight of the subjects were 20.9 years, 160.1cm and 54.3kg, respectively. Average serum TG (triglyceride), total cholesterol, HDL-C (high density lipoprotein-cholesterol) and LDL-C (low density lipoprotein-cholesterol) levels of the subjects were 69.47mg/dl, 146.85 mg/dl, 50.49mg/dl and 82.52mg/dl, respectively. Average AI (atherogenic index) of the subjects was 2.03, which was in the normal range based on risk values. Average intake of most nutrients except protein, vitamin B$_1$, vitamin C and phosphorus were lower than the Korean RDA. Especially calcium and iron intakes of the subjects were under 65% of the Korean RDA. Serum TG, total cholesterol and LDL-C levels were negatively correlated with DBP (diastolic blood pressure). HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol were positively correlated with height. Age was positively correlated with phosphorus intake. DBP of the subjects was positively correlated with calcium and iron intakes. Serum TG level was positively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and AI, while negatively correlated with HDL-C/total cholesterol. Total cholesterol level was positively correlated with HDL-C, LDL-C and AI, while negatively correlated with HDL-C/LDL-C, HDL-C/total cholesterol. HDL-C level was positively correlated with LDL-C, HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol, while negatively correlated with AI. LDL-C level was negatively correlated with HDL-C/LDL-C and HDL-C/total cholesterol, while positively correlated with AI HDL-C/LDL-C ratio was positively correlated with HDL-C/total cholesterol and AI. HDL-C/total cholesterol was negatively correlated with AI. Fat intake was positively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-C level, and vitamin B$_2$ intake was positively correlated with TG, HDL-C/LDL-C. Therefore, nutrition education is necessary for female university students to promote the lipid profile and to optimize the nutritional status. (J Community Nutrition 4(3) : 151∼158, 2002)

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 1985

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of tocopherol supplementation on serum $HDL_{2}$ and $HDL_{3}$ subfraction and lipoprotein pattern of young rabbits fed the different levels of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. White male rabbits with an average bo요 weight of 90kg were assigned into 4 groups : LP( Low PUFA) ; HP( High PUFA) ; LPT( Tocopheror added to LP), HPT(Tocopherol added to HP) by feeding safflower oil or coconut oil at loft( w/w )in addition to thew diet with or without tocopherol for 4 weeks. HDL-Chol and HDL subfractions were determined by polyanionic precipitation method, and the relative amount of lipoprotein by electrophoresis. Serum total cholesterol and TG wer slightly lowered in the group of high PUFA diet and its effect was more in the case of tocopherol supplemented. HDL-Chol level was reduced in the high PUFA diet with or without tocopherol, but overall, HDL-Chol level was not influenced by tocopherol addition and also no significant change in lipoprotein pattern when tocopherol added to the HP diet. $HDL_{2}$ level was increased in HPT group but not in LPT group when tocopherol was added to each HP and LP group, respectively. $HDL_{3}$ levels of both LP and HP groups were reduced with tocopherol supplement, but the reduction was less in the high PUFA groups so that $HDL_{2}$ : $HDL_{3}$ ratio of HP was rather close to that of LP, but it was increased when tocopherol supplemented to the HP diet. Therefore, high PUFA diet could improve the anti atherogenic factor when tocopherol supplemented.