• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.624-630
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• 2001

Two experiments on the effects of molasses additive on cassava tops silage quality to its feed intake and digestibility by growing Holstein$\times$local crossbred heifers were carried out. Sixteen plastic bags of one meter diameter and two meters length were allocated in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design with four replicates in the ensiling study, with and without the molasses additive and with two storage times (2 and 3 months). The silage produced in the first experiment was used in the feed intake and digestibility study. Six crossbred Holstein heifers, 160-180 kg live weight, were randomly allocated in a $3{\times}2$ change-over design to three treatments: Guinea grass ad libitum, 70% of grass ad libitum with a supplement of non-molasses cassava silage ad libitum, and 70% of grass ad libitum with a supplement of molasses cassava silage ad libitum. Ensiling was shown to be a satisfactory method for preservation of cassava tops. The HCN content was significantly reduced from $840mg\;kg^{-1}$ to 300 or $130mg\;kg^{-1}$, depending on storage period. The tannin content was not significantly changed. Molasses additive resulted in lower pH, Crude Protein (CP), NDF and higher DM content but did not otherwise affect chemical composition. The voluntary feed intake per 100 kg live weight of the heifers was 2.59, 2.65 and 2.91 kg DM of Guinea grass, non-molasses cassava tops silage and molasses cassava tops silage diet, respectively. Crude protein intake was significantly improved in the cassava tops silage diets. The apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF decreased with the silage supplement diets. No significant difference in digestibility was found between the non-molasses and molasses silage diets. The digestibility coefficient of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF in non-molasses cassava tops silage and molasses cassava tops silage was 49.4, 52.1, 45.81, 36.6, 27.7 and 49.7, 51.9, 47.55, 28.1, 19.5, respectively. It is concluded that cassava tops can be preserved successfully by ensiling and that cassava tops silage is a good feed resource for cattle.

• 에너지공학
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 Drop Tube Furnace(DTF)를 이용한 $O_2/N_2$, $O_2/CO_2$ 조건에서 산소 농도(12, 21, 31%)에 따른 아역청탄 입자의 연소특성 및 질소산화물 배출특성에 관한 실험과 수치해석을 수행하였다. $O_2/N_2$, $O_2/CO_2$ 조건에서 산소 농도가 증가함에 따라 촤 연소율이 증가하였고 $O_2/CO_2$ 조건하에서 이산화탄소 경계층에서 석탄입자 표면으로의 산소 확산계수가 낮아지기 때문에 촤 연소율이 감소하였다. 산소 농도가 증가함에 따라 배출되는 NO의 농도는 증가하지만 완전 연소 조건인 31%의 산소 농도에서는 오히려 NO의 농도가 감소하였다. 반면, NO 배출 지수는 산소가 증가함에 따라 점차 감소하였다. $O_2/CO_2$ 조건에서 NO의 농도는 Thermal NO의 결여로 인해 $O_2/N_2$ 조건보다 작게 나타났다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.395-400
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• 2007

한약재로 주로 이용되는 행인은 약리작용이 강하고 독성작용을 나타내는 아미그달린을 다량 함유하고 있다. 아미그달린의 다량 섭취 시 호흡곤란 등의 급성독성이 나타날 수 있으며, 지속적인 섭취시에는 Konzo나 열대성 운동신경장애와 같은 만성독성이 나타날 우려가 있다. 이에 여러 가지 조리 방법을 통해 식물체 내 시안화합물의 잔류량을 줄이고자 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 통, 절편, 가루 형태의 행인을 건식가열법 또는 습식가열법을 이용하여 조리하였고, 일반적으로 조리 및 가공 시간이 증가함에 따라 총 시안 함량이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 pH 1의 염산 용액에 한 시간 동안 습식가열한 행인의 경우 약 90%정도 시안화합물이 감소효과를 보였으나 시안화합물의 저감화에 일반적으로 사용되는 $40^{\circ}C$에서 장시간 보관하는 것은 별다른 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 시안화합물을 함유한 식물체의 식품으로의 안전성 확보에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.480-491
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• 2017

Fluorescent pseudomonads have been isolated from halophytes, mesophytes, and xerophytes of Pakistan. Among these, eight isolates, GS-1, GS-3, GS-4, GS-6, GS-7, FS-2 (cactus), ARS-38 (cotton), and RP-4 (para grass), showed antifungal activity and were selected for detailed study. Based on biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequences, these were identified as strains of P. chlororaphis subsp. chlororaphis and aurantiaca. Secondary metabolites of these strains were analyzed by LC-MS. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), 2-hydroxy-phenazine, Cyclic Lipopeptide (white line-inducing principle (WLIP)), and lahorenoic acid A were detected in variable amounts in these strains. P. aurantiaca PB-St2 was used as a reference as it is known for the production of these compounds. The phzO and PCA genes were amplified to assure that production of these compounds is not an artifact. Indole acetic acid production was confirmed and quantified by HPLC. HCN and siderophore production by all strains was observed by plate assays. These strains did not solubilize phosphate, but five strains were positive for zinc solubilization. Wheat seedlings were inoculated with these strains to observe their effect on plant growth. P. aurantiaca strains PB-St2 and GS-6 and P. chlororaphis RP-4 significantly increased both root and shoot dry weights, as compared with uninoculated plants. However, P. aurantiaca strains FS-2 and ARS-38 significantly increased root and shoot dry weights, respectively. All strains except PB-St2 and ARS-38 significantly increased the root length. This is the first report of the isolation of P. aurantiaca from cotton and cactus, P. chlororaphis from para grass, WLIP and lahorenoic acid A production by P. chlororaphis, and zinc solubilization by P. chlororaphis and P. aurantiaca.

• 분석과학
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2016

시안화수소는 ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) 등의 플라스틱류 화재시에 발생될 수 있는 유독성 기체이기에 시안화수소가 함유된 연기를 흡입하였을 경우 변사자의 혈액에서도 검출될 수 있다. 따라서 열기로 혈액 등의 생체시료의 손상정도가 강하여 일산화탄소-헤모글로빈 농도의 측정이 어려운 경우 사인규명을 위한 지표로 활용될 수 있으리라 사료된다. 본 연구의 사례는 유서와 함께 화재가 발생한 차량내에서 발견된 변사체의 사인규명과 관련이 있다. 화재사의 경우 일산화탄소-헤모글로빈 농도가 결정적인 정보를 제공하지만 열기로 심하게 손상되어 이에 대한 측정이 어려워 시안화이온을 분석하고자 하였다. 시안화이온을 양이온계면활성제와 함께 pentafluorobenzyl bromide로 유도체화 시킨 다음 기체크로마토그래피/질량분석법으로 scan mode와 SIM mode로 분석하였다. 변사체 심혈과 뇌혈에서 시안화이온이 정상 흡연자 14인의 평균값(0.041 µg/mL)보다 높은 0.36 µg/mL 및 1.20 µg/mL 확인되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.36-47
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• 2016

본 연구는 식물 근권에서 분리한 유용미생물 PA1, PA2, PA4, PA5, PA12 의 식물 생장 촉진능력과 식물 병원성 진균인 Colletotrichum acutatum, C. coccodes, C. gloeosporioides, C. dematium, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia minor 그리고 Fusarium sp.에 대한 생장억제능력을 평가하는데 그 목적이 있다. In vitro 실험에서 유용미생물의 식물 병원성 진균의 생장억제 능력을 확인하기 위해 세균배지인 TSA 배지와 곰팡이 배지인 PDA배지, 그리고 TSA와 PDA배지를 각각 50%씩 혼합한 배지(v/v, 1:1)에서 대치배양을 실시하였다. 그 결과 PDA배지에서는 PA2가 C. coccodes에 대해 65.5%로 가장 높은 억제능력을 보였으며, TSA배지에서는 PA2가 S. minor에 대해 96.5%로 가장 높은 억제력을 보였다. 또한 PDA와 TSA를 혼합한 배지에서는 PA2가 C. acutatum에 대해 58.5%로 가장 높은 억제능력을 보였다. 분리한 5균주 모두에서 식물병원성 진균에 대하여 생물적 방제 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 식물생장 촉진능력을 유발하는 원인물질을 탐색하기 위해 siderophore, protease, chitinase, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) 생성 유무를 확인하였고, phosphate solubilizing 실험을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 유용미생물 5균주를 16s rDNA sequencing 결과 PA1, PA2는 Bacillus subtilis, PA4, PA5, PA12 각각 Bacillus altitudinis, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens로 동정되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.478-482
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• 2000

Whole cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) crop was harvested about 10-15 cm above ground at 3 months after planting and sun dried for 1-3 days or until the leaves were crispy-dried and the branches and stems were mostly wilted to produce cassava hay. Cassava hay (CH) contained 86.3% DM, 8.9% ash, 23.6% CP, 44.3% NDF, 30.0% ADF, 5.8% ADL, 0.257% condensed tannin and 0.35 mg % HCN, respectively. In addition, CH contained relatively higher amino acid than alfalfa hay especially methionine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine. Ruminal fermentation of CH resulted in high concentrations of $C_2$, $C_3$, and $C_4$ at 72, 17 and 7 mol/100 mole, respectively. A feeding trial was conducted to study on effect of feeding of cassava hay in late lactating dairy cows fed on urea-treated rice straw during the dry season on their intake, ruminal pH, $NH_3$-N, milk yield and compositions. Thirty, Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows in their first lactation were randomly assigned in a randomized complete block design to receive five different dietary treatments: T1=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:2, T2=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:2+0.56 kg DM, T3=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:3+1.3 kg DM CH, T4=supplementation of concentrate to milk yield at 1:4+1.70 kg DM CH, T5=CH fed on ad libitum+small concentrate supplement. All cows received urea-treated rice straw as a roughage source throughout a 80 d feeding trial. The experiment revealed that cassava hay contained high level of protein and minimal level of tannin at 3 months of harvest. Tannin intake ranged from 1.44 to 13.36 g/hd/d and did not affect on urea-treated rice straw intake. Milk yield across treatments were similar (5.4-6.3 kg/hd/d) (p>0.05) but 3.5% FCM was highest in cows received CH at 1.70 kg/hd/d. Feeding of cassava hay resulted in increasing milk fat (4.0 to 4.6%) (p<0.05) and milk protein (3.8 to 5.3%) (p<0.05). Moreover, the use of CH could reduce concentrate supplementation to milk yield from 1:2 to 1:4, respectively, thus resulted in more milk income return.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.16-21
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• 2012

여러 식물의 근권에서 세균 균주들을 분리하여 이들의 항진균성 물질 생성능을 조사하였다. 분리균주 중 Fusarium oxysproum을 포함한 5가지 주요 식물병원성 진균에 대한 생장저해가 우수한 7개 균주를 16S rRNA 유전자 염기서열로 동정하였다. 이들 중 Paenibacillus peoriae RhAn32, Pseudomonas otitidis TK1과 Bacillus cereus TK2가 가장 넓은 생장 저해범위를 나타내었으며 항진균성 물질 중 siderophore 생성능은 P. otitidis TK1이 3.21 mM/ml로 가장 높았고 HCN은 Pseudomonas koreensis Rh2와 Rh7 균주만이 생성하였으며 Brevibacterium frigoritolerans EnA9와 P. peoriae RhAn32는 각각 1558.9와 $1436.7{\mu}M$ glucose/min/mg protein의 높은 chitinase 활성을 나타내었다. P. otitidis TK1과 P. peoriae RhAn32의 항진균능을 진균과의 공동배양을 통해 정량분석한 결과 세 종류의 Fusarium oxysproum의 생장을 유의성 있게 저해하였다. P. otitidis TK1은 식물생장을 촉진하는 호르몬인 auxin의 생성능도 가장 높았는데 이 균주를 4주 자란 토마토 유묘에 F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici와 동시에 접종하여 8주간 재배하였을 때 줄기와 뿌리 길이 및 습윤 중량이 비접종 대조군에 비해 각각 45.7, 64.9와 118%로 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 따라서 이 균주들은 유기합성농약을 대체하면서 식물생장을 촉진하는 미생물제로서의 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2015

Sky View Factor (SVF) is one of the urban morfometri parameters that impact on the Urban Heat Island (UHI). SVF analisys was conducted in the city of Jakarta to investigate the relationship between urban temperature with urban morfometri. Jakarta City is the most populous city in the world that has a surrounding area $66,152km^2$ and the total population around 23 million people. The population of the city is the sixth highest in the world today. SVF measurements done by taking pictures at the six stations that have different morphological characteristics namely (1) the narrow streets Apartment Cempaka Mas (JS ITC), (2) the width of the road Apartment Cempaka Mas (JL ITC), (3) in front of Colleges Kanisius (DKK), (4) in front of office Journalist of Indonesia (DKWI), (5) Utan Kayu (UK), and (6) Tambun (TB). SVF value is obtained from the photgraphic image. Taking pictures at the location using a Nikon D90 camera with a Nikon Fisheye Nikkor 10.5 mm 1 : 2.8 G ED, further processed through a global mapper program. Therefore, the SVF derived from the six stations that vary 0.21 to 0.78. Temperature measurement is done during daylight hours from 06:00 am to 18:00 pm during the Western Part of Indonesia (WIB). Measurements performed at three different times, namely working days (HK) regular holidays (HCB) national holidays (HCN). The results showed that the highest average temperature of $33.32^{\circ}C$, occurring at UK station (SVF=0.45) at the time of HCB. Meanwhile, the average low temperature of $31.22^{\circ}C$ occurred at JLITC station (SVF=0.42). The two-time occurred on ordinary holidays. Maximum temperature of $38.4^{\circ}C$ occurred in Utan Kayu station (SFV=0.45) that occurred at 11.00 hrs, normal holidays. Furthermore minimum temperature 24.5 occurred at Tambun station (SVF=0.78) at 06.00 hrs in the morning at the usual holidays and national holidays. In general, the results showed that areas with large SVF has a lower temperature compared with areas with smaller SVF. Though, are not the only factors that matter, but this research may show that an increase in temperature in the city of Jakarta. Therefore, it is necessary to mitigate the serious from the government or society.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.42.1-42.1
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• 2019

We observed 80 dense cores ($N(H_2)$ > $10^{22}cm^{-2}$) in the Orion molecular cloud complex which contains the Orion A (39 cores), B (26 cores), and ${\lambda}$ Orionis (15 cores) clouds. We investigate the behavior of the different molecular tracers and look for chemical variations of cores in the three clouds in order to systematically investigate the effects of stellar feedback. The most commonly detected molecular lines (with the detection rates higher than 50%) are $N_2H^+$, $HCO^+$, $H^{13}CO^+$, $C_2H$, HCN, and $H_2CO$. The detection rates of dense gas tracers, $N_2H^+$, $HCO^+$, $H^{13}CO^+$, and $C_2H$ show the lowest values in the ${\lambda}$ Orionis cloud. We find differences in the D/H ratio of $H_2CO$ and the $N_2H^+/HCO^+$ abundance ratios among the three clouds. Eight starless cores in the Orion A and B clouds exhibit high deuterium fractionations, larger than 0.10, while in the ${\lambda}$ Orionis cloud, no cores reveal the high ratio. These chemical properties could support that cores in the ${\lambda}$ Orionis cloud are affected by the photo-dissociation and external heating from the nearby H II region. An unexpected trend was found in the $[N_2H^+]/[HCO^+]$ ratio with a higher median value in the ${\lambda}$ Orionis cloud than in the Orion A/B clouds than; typically, the $[N_2H^+]/[HCO^+]$ ratio is lower in higher temperatures and lower column densities. This could be explained by a longer timescale in the prestellar stage in the ${\lambda}$ Orionis cloud, resulting in more abundant nitrogen-bearing molecules. In addition to these chemical differences, the kinematical difference was also found among the three clouds; the blue excess, which is an infall signature found in optically thick line profiles, is 0 in the ${\lambda}$ Orionis cloud while it is 0.11 and 0.16 in the Orion A and B clouds, respectively. This result could be another evidence of the negative feedback of active current star formation to the next generation of star formation.