• Title/Summary/Keyword: HABITATS DIVERSITY

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Biodiversity and Enzyme Activity of Marine Fungi with 28 New Records from the Tropical Coastal Ecosystems in Vietnam

  • Pham, Thu Thuy;Dinh, Khuong V.;Nguyen, Van Duy
    • Mycobiology
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    • v.49 no.6
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    • pp.559-581
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    • 2021
  • The coastal marine ecosystems of Vietnam are one of the global biodiversity hotspots, but the biodiversity of marine fungi is not well known. To fill this major gap of knowledge, we assessed the genetic diversity (ITS sequence) of 75 fungal strains isolated from 11 surface coastal marine and deeper waters in Nha Trang Bay and Van Phong Bay using a culture-dependent approach and 5 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units) of fungi in three representative sampling sites using next-generation sequencing. The results from both approaches shared similar fungal taxonomy to the most abundant phylum (Ascomycota), genera (Candida and Aspergillus) and species (Candida blankii) but were different at less common taxa. Culturable fungal strains in this study belong to 3 phyla, 5 subdivisions, 7 classes, 12 orders, 17 families, 22 genera and at least 40 species, of which 29 species have been identified and several species are likely novel. Among identified species, 12 and 28 are new records in global and Vietnamese marine areas, respectively. The analysis of enzyme activity and the checklist of trophic mode and guild assignment provided valuable additional biological information and suggested the ecological function of planktonic fungi in the marine food web. This is the largest dataset of marine fungal biodiversity on morphology, phylogeny and enzyme activity in the tropical coastal ecosystems of Vietnam and Southeast Asia. Biogeographic aspects, ecological factors and human impact may structure mycoplankton communities in such aquatic habitats.

Redescription of Previously Unknown Euplotine Ciliates, Euplotes charon and Diophrys oligothrix (Ciliophora: Spirotrichea: Euplotida), from Korea

  • Kwon, Choon-Bong;Shin, Mann-Kyoon
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2006
  • Two ciliates of suborder Euplotina collected from the two habitats (estuarine littoral and sewage treatment plant) in Ulsan, Korea were Euplotes charon ($M\ddot{u}ller$, 1773) and Diophrys oligothrix Borror, 1965. These two species are reported for the first time from Korea. The description was based on the observation of living and silver impregnated specimens. Diagnostic characteristics of these species are as follows. E. charon: size in vivo about $90-130\times65-80{\mu}m$, adoral zone of membranelles over 79.5% of cell length with 54-80 adoral membranelles; right margin of the peristome shaped sinusoidal form and passed through adoral zone of membranelles; buccal cavity wide anteriorly; 10 frontoventral, 5 transverse, 4 caudal cirri, 12 dorsal kineties, mid-dorsal kinety with 21 -25 dorsal bristles; silver-line system double-eurystomus type. D. oligothrix: size in vivo about $80-90\times30-70{\mu}m$; body shape ovoid with prominent right concave posterio-lateral end, two irregular elongated macronuclei with one micronucleus, respectively; 7 fronto-ventral, 5 transverse, 2 left marginal and 2 caudal cirri, 4 dorsal kineties with prominent bristles about $9-14{\mu}m$ long in vivo.

Two Litonotid Ciliates (Ciliophora: Litostomatea: Pleurostomatida) Unknown from Korea

  • Lee, Jung-Mi;Yoon, Jae-Sool;Shin, Mann-Kyoon
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.223-229
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    • 2006
  • Two litonotid ciliates collected from the freshwater habitats in Korea were identified as Loxophyllum meleagris ($M\ddot{u}ller$, 1773) and Siroloxophyllum utriculariae (Penard, 1922). The description was based on the observation of living and protargol impregnated specimens, and biometric analysis. Their diagnostic characteristics are as follows. L. meleagris; $163-480\times80-100{\mu}m$ in vivo, body shape lancet or knife-like; dorsal margin with 10-19 extrusome warts; 8-35 macronuclei nodules, like a string of bead; 16-21 somatic kineties on right side (including perioral kinety 2, 3) and 6-11 on left side (including perioral kinety 1); 1 contractile vacuole located at posterior part at diastole stage, extending along the dorsal margin toward anterior end with a single long narrow canal. S. utriculariae; $110-170\times78-150{\mu}m$ in vivo, body shape lancet like; dorsal margin without extrusome warts; 2 macronuclei, spherical; 12-19 somatic kineties on right side, 3-7 on left side (including perioral kinety 1); 2-3 contractile vacuoles, first one located anterior ventrally, second one located posterior dorsally and last one located near posterior end of cell.

A report of 21 unrecorded bacterial species of Korea belonging to the phylum Bacteroidota isolated in 2021

  • Chang-Jun Cha;Che Ok Jeon;Kiseong Joh;Wonyong Kim;Seung Bum Kim;Myung Kyum Kim;Jung-Hoon Yoon
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • v.12 no.spc2
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    • pp.23-32
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    • 2023
  • During screening for indigenous prokaryotic species in Republic of Korea in 2021, a total of 21 bacterial strains assigned to the phylum Bacteroidota were isolated from a variety of environmental habitats including pine cone, seaweed, soil, sea sediment, brackish water and moss. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value of more than 98.7% and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the type strain of the closest bacterial species, it was found that the 21 strains belong to independent and recognized bacterial species. There has been no official report that the identified 21 species have been isolated in Republic of Korea up to date. Therefore, 16 species in six genera of two families in the order Flavobacteriales, two species in two genera of two families in the order Cytophagales, one species in one genus of one family in the order Chitinophagales and two species in one genus of one family in the order Sphingobacteriales are proposed as unrecorded species of the phylum Bacteroidota isolated in Republic of Korea. Their Gram reaction, colony and cell morphology, basic phenotypic characteristics, isolation source, taxonomic status, strain ID and other information are described in the species descriptions.

First Record of the Velvet Snail, Coriocella jayi (Littorinimorpha: Velutinidae) from Korea

  • Yucheol Lee;Damin Lee;Jina Park;Joong-Ki Park
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.130-134
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    • 2024
  • The family Velutinidae is found in various intertidal and subtidal habitats worldwide including Arctic and Antarctic seas. They are characterized by possessing a fragile shell that is partially or entirely covered by the mantle. Eight valid species of the genus Coriocella have been reported mostly in the Indo-West Pacific. Here we report Coriocella jayi Wellens, 1996 from Korean waters for the first time and describe details of their external morphology and radula characteristics using scanning electron microscopy, and provide the mtDNA cox1 sequence as a DNA barcode sequence information. This species is distinguished from other congeneric species by having six cylinder-shaped tubercular lobes of their dorsal part of mantle body and mantle color. Phylogenetic tree using the mtDNA cox1 sequence data shows that two Coriocella species (C. jayi and C. nigra) are grouped as their respective sister among Velutinidae species, and these relationships are strongly supported by 100% bootstrap value. Despite the morphological similarities, further investigation will be needed to confirm whether the African and Korean populations can be justified as the same species with a disconnected distribution range, or represent morphologically similar but two distinct species.

The Plant-Associated Flavobacterium: A Hidden Helper for Improving Plant Health

  • Hyojun Seo;Ju Hui Kim;Sang-Moo Lee;Seon-Woo Lee
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.251-260
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    • 2024
  • Flavobacterium is a genus within the phylum Bacteroidota that remains relatively unexplored. Recent analyses of plant microbiota have identified the phylum Bacteroidota as a major bacterial group in the plant rhizosphere. While Flavobacterium species within the phylum Bacteroidota have been recognized as pathogens in the aquatic habitats, microbiome analysis and the characterization of novel Flavobacterium species have indicated the great diversity and potential of their presence in various environments. Many Flavobacterium species have positively contribute to plant health and development, including growth promotion, disease control, and tolerance to abiotic stress. Despite the well-described beneficial interactions of the Flavobacterium species with plants, the molecular mechanisms and bacterial determinants underlying these interactions remain unclear. To broaden our understanding of the genus Flavobacterium's role in plant health, we review the recent studies focusing on their ecological niche, functional roles, and determinants in plant-beneficial interactions. Additionally, this review discusses putative mechanisms explaining the interactions between plants and Flavobacterium. We have also introduced the importance of future research on Flavobacterium spp. and its potential applications in agriculture.

Six species of Tricoma (Nematoda, Desmoscolecida, Desmoscolecidae) from the East Sea, Korea, with a bibliographic catalog and geographic information

  • Hyo Jin Lee;Heegab Lee;Hyun Soo Rho
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.570-607
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    • 2023
  • The subgenus Tricoma Cobb, 1894 comprises free-living marine nematodes encompassing a total of 83 validated taxa. Within this diversity, twenty-one taxa thrive in the deep sea, while twenty-three are found in coral reefs, flat areas, or green algae. Additionally, eleven taxa inhabit the sublittoral zone at depths exceeding 10 meters, and the remaining taxa are situated on beaches, coasts, or in habitats lacking detailed information. In the course of a survey focused on the East Sea free-living marine nematodes, we identified four new and two previously unrecorded species belonging to the subgenus Tricoma. Specifically, two new species, Tricoma (Tricoma) breviseta sp. nov. and T. (T.) donghaensis sp. nov., were discovered in mud-sandy sediment in deepsea environments below 2000 meters within the Ulleung Basin and Hupo Bank. Two previously unrecorded species [T. (T.) paralucida Decraemer, 1987 and T. (T.) similis Cobb, 1912] and the two newly found species [T. (T.) longicauda sp. nov. and T. (T.) ulleungensis sp. nov.] were obtained from subtidal coarse sand at a depth of 20 meters during a survey of the waters surrounding Ulleungdo Island. The distribution and information on validated taxa within the subgenus Tricoma were systematically collected, reviewed, and cataloged. Detailed morphological features and illustrations of Tricoma species from Korea were provided through the use of differential interference contrast microscopy.

Morphological Description of Three Anaerobic Ciliates Unrecorded in Korea

  • Quoc Dung Nguyen;Novia Cahyani;Mann Kyoon Shin
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.211-220
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    • 2024
  • During the surveys of ciliates from hypoxic habitats, three marine anaerobic species were found: Metopus spiculatus, M. vestitus, and Muranothrix felix. These species have not been previously recorded in South Korea and belong to the taxonomic classes Armophorea and Muranotrichea. The morphology of these species was examined by both microscopic observations of live specimens, and stained cells using protargol impregnations. Metopus spiculatus has the following characteristics: body size 80-110×25-35 ㎛ in vivo, beak-like structure at the end of preoral dome, ectosymbiotic bacteria covering cell surface, intracytoplasmic needle-shaped structures and the conspicuous tail end. Metopus vestitus has the following distinguishing characteristics: body size 95-130×25-45 ㎛ in vivo, a cone-shaped body, a covering of ectosymbiotic bacteria on its cell surface, intracytoplasmic needleshaped structures, somatic kineties arranged in 26-28 longitudinal rows, and a posterior part tapered into a tail. Muranothrix felix has the following characteristics: body size 100-130×20-30 ㎛ in vivo, elongated body with twisted neck region, bristle-like cilia protruding perpendicular to the cell margin, ectosymbiotic bacteria covering the cell surface, about 10 macronuclear nodules, and a long, stiffened caudal cilium.

First report of freshwater red alga Compsopogon caeruleus (Compsopogonaceae, Rhodophyta) in Korea

  • Eun-Young Lee;Soon Jeong Lee;Sang-Rae Lee
    • Journal of Species Research
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.332-339
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    • 2024
  • The filamentous freshwater red alga Compsopogon caeruleus(Compsopogonophyceae, Compsopogonaceae, Rhodophyta) occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of worldwide. This species has been reported from Asia, America, Africa, Europe and Oceania, and the worldwide distribution of Compsopogon caeruleus is in variable water habitats. Several morphospecies of the genus Compsopogon had been recorded, but recent molecular phylogenetic analyses with worldwide sampling identified a monospecific genus, C. caeruleus. In the present study, we first report a freshwater red alga Compsopogon caeruleus from Korea. We identified Compsopogon caeruleus in an urban river in Yongin City, and analyzed its morphological and genetic characteristics. Nuclear 18S rDNA, plastidal rbcL gene and mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences isolated from Korean Compsopogon caeruleus showed high sequences similarity with Compsopogon caeruleus from worldwide (98.6-100% (18S rDNA), 99-100% (rbcL) and 97.7-100% (cox1)). These sequences similarities support the identification of a red alga found in Korea as Compsopogon caeruleus. This new geographical report provides the useful information for understanding the distribution and habitat range of Compsopogon caeruleus especially concerning urban freshwater environments.

진도의 담수산 물벼룩류와 요각류의 출현특성에 관한 생태학적 연구

  • Yoon, Seong-Myeong;Chang, Cheon-Young;Kim, Won
    • Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.39-64
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    • 1995
  • A faunistic and ecological study on the occurrence of freshwater cladocerans and copepods was accomplished from Chindo, South Korea. Collections were made from total 35 stations, comprising the various freshwater habitats like reservoirs, streams, swamps, bogs, ricefields, ditch, pond, and spring during the periods of July 23-25, and November 1-3 in 1994. Twenty seven cladoceran species of 17 genera of 6 families in 2 orders, and 28 copepod species of 21 genera of 6 families in 3 orders were collected during this research period, of which Daphnia obtusa Kurz and Elaphoidella bidens (Schmeil) are newly recorded from Korea. In reservoirs, Diaphanosoma sp. and Thermocyclops taihokuensis were dominant in July, and then succeeded by Bosmina longirostris and Cyclops vicinus vicinus in November. Thermocyclops crassus co-occurred with 7: taihokuensis at both seasons, was frequent in November after T. taihokuensis precipitately decreased. In other stagnant waters, 7: taihokuensis and Moina weismanni were dominant at ponds in July and in November, respectively. At ricefields in July Moina macrocopa and T. taihokuensis were dominant, but in November M. macrocopa and Paracyclops fimbriatus were. At streams, cladocerans were relatively rare, but became more rich in November. The representative cladoceran species were Bosmina longirostris as a plankton, and Chydorus sphaericus as a epibenthic species. Concerning copepods, nearly all the stations of streams except a few ones adjacent to seashore showed the similiar species constitutions, of which E. serrulatus and M, pehpeiensis were most frequent and abundant. At a mountain streamlet and a spring, the occurrence of Alona sp., Attheyella byblis Chang and Kim, 1992 and A. tetraspinosa Chang, 1993 is quite interesting and deserved much attention in the taxonomical point of view. Seventeen major cladocerans and copepods from lentic habitats and 13 major cladocerans and copepods from lotic habitatats were clustered using average taxonomic distance and UPGMA to infer the co-occurrence relations among species. As for lentic habitats, two large phena were appeared at first. The one phenon consisted of Diaphanosoma sp. and T taihokuensis, and showed its predominancy over the various habitats and its dominancy was rapidly decreased in November. The other phenon frequently occurred rather in November, and subdivided into three subgroups. On the other hand, as for lotic habitats, 13 species were also grouped into 2 large phena. The first one comprised 4 species, which were dominant and highly frequent at nearly all the lotic habitats, and subdivided into three subgroups according to their seasonal fluctuation types. The second one was also subdivided into three phena, the first of which comprised only one species, Microcyclops varicans, and occurred at most of the stations along stream with steadiness through the research period; the second phenon, Chydorus sphaericus, occurred much frequently in November; the last phenon included a few heterogenous subgroups.

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