• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.15.1-15.8
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• 2019

Corexit 9500 is a dispersant commercially available in Nigeria that is used to change the inherent chemical and physical properties of oil, thereby changing the oil's transport and fate with potential effects on the environment. The aim of this study was to assess the biochemical (enzymes and electrolyte) toxicity of Corexit 9500 dispersant on the gills, liver and kidney of juveniles of Clarias gariepinus after exposure for 21 days. One hundred sixty fish were used without gender consideration. Range-finding tests were conducted over a 96-h period after acclimatisation of the test organisms in the laboratory. The test organisms (10/treatment) were exposed to Corexit 9500 in the following concentrations-0.00, 0.0125, 0.025 and 0.05 ml/l in triplicate. Twenty-one days later, fish was dissected. 0.5 g from each of the following organs-gills, liver and kidney tissues-was removed, homogenised and tested for enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)], urea, creatinine and electrolytes (sodium ($Na^+$), potassium ($K^+$), chloride ($Cl^-$), bicarbonate ($HCO_3{^-}$)) following standard methods. In the gills, SOD and ALT to AST ratio were significantly lower than in control while the creatinine was significantly higher in the toxicant. In the kidney, creatinine was significantly higher in fish exposed to the toxicant. In the liver, ALP increased in the toxicant while urea was decreased. The mean electrolyte concentrations ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$ and $HCO_3{^-}$) increased significantly in the concentration of the toxicant (P < 0.05). The alterations observed in the activities of these electrolytes and enzymes indicated that Corexit 9500 interfered with transamination and metabolic functions of the fish.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1543-1567
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• 2015

In this study, a wireless crack sensor is developed for monitoring cracks propagating in two dimensions. This sensor is developed by incorporating a laser-based optical navigation sensor board (ADNS-9500) into a smart wireless platform (Imote2). To measure crack propagation, the Imote2 sends a signal to the ADNS-9500 to collect a sequence of images reflected from the concrete surface. These acquired images can be processed in the ADNS-9500 directly (the navigation mode) or sent to Imote2 for processing (the frame capture mode). The computed crack displacement can then be transmitted wirelessly to a base station. The design and the construction of this sensor are reported herein followed by some calibration tests on one prototype sensor. Test results show that the sensor can provide sub-millimeter accuracy under sinusoidal and step movement. Also, the two modes of operation offer complementary performance as the navigation mode is more accurate in tracking large amplitude and fast crack movement while the frame capture mode is more accurate for small and slow crack movement. These results illustrate the feasibility of developing such a crack sensor as well as point out directions of further research before its actual implementation.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.469-477
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• 2008

Purpose: The goal of this paper is to present the design and performance of a position encoding circuit for $16{\times}16$ array of position sensitive multi-anode photomultiplier tube for small animal PET scanners. This circuit which reduces the number of readout channels from 256 to 4 channels is based on a charge division method utilizing a resistor array. Materials and Methods: The position encoding circuit was simulated with PSpice before fabrication. The position encoding circuit reads out the signals from H9500 flat panel PMTs (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Japan) on which $1.5{\times}1.5{\times}7.0\;mm^3$ $L_{0.9}GSO$ ($Lu_{1.8}Gd_{0.2}SiO_{5}:Ce$) crystals were mounted. For coincidence detection, two different PET modules were used. One PET module consisted of a $29{\times}29\;L_{0.9}GSO$ crystal layer, and the other PET module two $28{\times}28$ and $29{\times}29\;L_{0.9}GSO$ crystal layers which have relative offsets by half a crystal pitch in x- and y-directions. The crystal mapping algorithm was also developed to identify crystals. Results: Each crystal was clearly visible in flood images. The crystal identification capability was enhanced further by changing the values of resistors near the edge of the resistor array. Energy resolutions of individual crystal were about 11.6%(SD 1.6). The flood images were segmented well with the proposed crystal mapping algorithm. Conclusion: The position encoding circuit resulted in a clear separation of crystals and sufficient energy resolutions with H9500 flat-panel PMT and $L_{0.9}GSO$ crystals. This circuit is good enough for use in small animal PET scanners.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.30-35
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• 2002

This study represents the effects of the material of the air cleaner on the performance in a 4-stroke spark-ignition engine for motorcycles. This study is mainly focused on the possibility of the adopting the STS wire mesh air cleaner of a S.I engine. For investigating the possibility of that, the engine power, the fuel consumption and the exhaust gas analysis were carried out for the synthetic fiber air cleaner and the different size of 200 mesh, 250 mesh, 300 mesh of STS wire mash air cleaner. As the results of this study, the performance of STS wire air cleaner was similar to the fiber air cleaner at 9000 rpm but 300 mesh of STS air cleaner had a high engine power and torque at 9500 rpm. In the case of the synthetic fiber air cleaner the concentration of CO was low at 6500 rpm and in the case of the 300 mesh in STS wire mesh air cleaner the concentration of HC was lowest at all experimental regions.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.608-617
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• 2012

The symbiotic nova Z Andromedae (And) was investigated, using the high dispersion spectra of spectral resolution, ${\Delta}{\lambda}{\sim}-0.1{\AA}$. The spectral observations were done with (1) the Hamilton Echelle Spectrograph (HES) and the high resolution spectra (exposures=1800s and 3600s) were obtained at Lick Observatory in 2001 August $30^{th}$ (phase ${\Phi}$=0.77), and 2002 August $12^{th}$ (phase ${\Phi}$=0.22), (2) with the Bohyunsan Echelle Spectrograph (BOES) at Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory and the high resolution spectra (exposure=1200s) were secured in 2009 October $21^{st}$ (phase ${\Phi}$=0.70). From both the HES and BOES spectral data in the $3600{\AA}-9500{\AA}$ wavelengths, we extracted the emission lines of HI, HeI, and HeII, which have been decomposed into double or triple Gaussian components for 3 consecutive phases. The emission zones responsible for these components appear to be closely related with the orbital motion of a white dwarf or a giant star. The presence of the Raman scattering $H{\alpha}$ broad wing feature and the kinematic characteristics of the line profile observed in each phase imply that the Z And emission lines are mostly from two Lagrangian points, $L_1$ and $L_2$, and the accretion disk around the white dwarf star. The Z And was most active in 2009 and 2001 during the outburst phase, while it remained quiescent in 2002 in spite of the complex line profiles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.400-405
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• 2003

The surimi processing from jack mackerel and white croaker muscle using acidic and alkaline solubilization was evaluated. The optimum pH for solubilizing protein in acidic and alkaline range was around 2.5 and 10.5, respectively. The optimum pH value for recovery of protein was around 5. The protein solubility was decreased with increase of salt. The homogenized speed and time for maximum solubility were below 9,500 rpm and 30s, respectively The optimum ratio of water to minced muscle was 6 by evaluating breaking force, deformation and whiteness of cooked gel. The protein yield of alkaline processing is higher than that of conventional processing. In addition, the waste water of conventional processing had high solid, nitrogen content and chemical oxygen demand compare to those of acidic and alkaline processing.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.617-622
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• 2011

Ozone-based advanced oxidation was applied for the treatment of anaerobic digestion effluent of livestock wastewater. Initial COD and color value were 930 mg/L and 0.04, respectively, and the 1/10-diluted wastewater was used for the study. The treatment characteristics were compared between the conventionally generated ozone ($105{\mu}m$) and microbubbled ozone ($13{\mu}m$). The use of microbubbled ozone improved the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color by 85% and 26%, respectively, compared with the conventionally bubbled ozone. The application of microbubbled $O_3/UV$, $O_3/H_2O_2$, $O_3/UV/H_2O_2$ combinations resulted in 5~10% higher color removal than ozone alone, which implies that the contribution of UV or $H_2O_2$ is not significant in color removal. On the other hand, COD removal could be increased two folds compared with ozone alone through $O_3/UV/H_2O_2$ combination. The contribution of $H_2O_2$ was bigger than UV for COD removal with microbubbled ozone. Due to the enhancement of dissolved ozone and radical activity, the microbubbling enabled us to additional COD removal even after stopping ozone supply in the presence of UV or $H_2O_2$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1519-1523
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• 2006

Through a screening and selection approach method, decamer random markers were used in a technique called random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay with 252 genomic DNAs isolated from four major Haimen chicken populations: Rugao (62), Jiangchun (62), Wan-Nan (63) and Cshiqishi (65). A total of 3-score decamer random primers (S241-S260, S1081-S1100 and S1341-S1360) were employed in the preliminary RAPD-polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) assay with 50 random template DNA samples from all the populations. Four (6.67%) of the primers that produced obvious polymorphic patterns, interpretable and reproducible bands were selected and used with both the individual DNAs from each population and with pooled DNA samples of the four populations in subsequent analyses. The selected primers produced a total of 131 fragments with molecular size ranging from 835 to 4,972 base pairs (bp) when used with the individual DNAs; 105 (80.15%) of these fragments were polymorphic. With the pooled DNAs, 47 stable and characteristic bands with molecular size ranging from 840 to 4,983 bp, of which 23 (48.94%) polymorphic, were also generated. The band-sharing coefficient (BSC) calculated for the individuals in the population and among populations of bulked samples was between 0.8247 (Rugao) and 0.9500 (Cshiqishi); for pairwise populations, it was between 0.7273 (Rugao vs. Wan-Nan) and 0.9367 (Jiangchun vs. Cshiqishi) chicken populations. Using the BSC for individual and pairwise populations, the Nei's standard genetic distances between the chicken populations were determined and ranged from 0.0043 (Jiangchun vs. Cshiqishi) to 0.1375 (Rugao vs. Cshiqishi). The reconstructed dendrogram linked the Jiangchun and Cshiqishi chickens as closely related populations, followed by Wan-Nan, while the Rugao was the most genetically distant among the populations.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2018

High Efficiency Video Coding range extensions (HEVC RExt) is a kind of extension model of HEVC. HEVC RExt was specially designed for dealing the high quality images. HEVC RExt is very essential for studio editing which handle the very high quality and various type of images. There are some problems to dealing these massive data in studio editing. One of the most important procedure is re-encoding and decoding procedure during the editing. Various codecs are widely used for studio data editing. But most of the codecs have common problems to dealing the massive data in studio editing. First, the re-encoding and decoding processes are frequently occurred during the studio data editing and it brings enormous time-consuming and video quality loss. This paper, we suggest new video coding structure for the efficient studio video editing. The coding structure which is called "ultra-low delay (ULD)". It has the very simple and low-delayed referencing structure. To simplify the referencing structure, we can minimize the number of the frames which need decoding and re-encoding process. It also prevents the quality degradation caused by the frequent re-encoding. Various fast coding algorithms are also proposed for efficient editing such as tool-level optimization, multi-serve based distributed coding and SIMD (Single instruction, multiple data) based parallel processing. It can reduce the enormous computational complexity during the editing procedure. The proposed method shows 9500 times faster coding speed with negligible loss of quality. The proposed method also shows better coding gain compare to "intra only" structure. We can confirm that the proposed method can solve the existing problems of the studio video editing efficiently.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 2012

Stimulation of mast cells through the high affinity IgE receptor (Fc${\varepsilon}$RI) induces degranulation, lipid mediator release, and cytokine secretion leading to allergic reactions. Although various signaling pathways have been characterized to be involved in the Fc${\varepsilon}$RI-mediated responses, little is known about the precious mechanism for the expression of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in mast cells. Here, we report that rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), reduces the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ in rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells. IgE or specific antigen stimulation of RBL-2H3 cells increases the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and activates various signaling molecules including S6K1, Akt and p38 MAPK. Rapamycin specifically inhibits antigeninduced TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA level, while other kinase inhibitors have no effect on TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA level. These data indicate that mTOR signaling pathway is the main regulation mechanism for antigen-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ expression. TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA stability analysis using reporter construct containing TNF-${\alpha}$ adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (AREs) shows that rapamycin destabilizes TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA via regulating the AU-rich element of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA. The antigen-induced activation of S6K1 is inhibited by specific kinase inhibitors including mTOR, PI3K, PKC and $Ca^{2+}$chelator inhibitor, while TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA level is reduced only by rapamycin treatment. These data suggest that the effects of rapamycin on the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA are not mediated by S6K1 but regulated by mTOR. Taken together, our results reveal that mTOR signaling pathway is a novel regulation mechanism for antigen-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ expression in RBL-2H3 cells.