• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.38-49
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• 1990

The Purpose of this study is for clinical nurses to be aware of the significance of prevention against bacteriuria caused form foley catheterization, through probing variables related to the occurrence of bacteriuria which appears as the most frequent occurring infection, and try to lower bacteriuria by applying to nursing care at the clinical. For this study 46 patients with catheterization and the closed drainage system were sampled and investigated from among patients at Intensive Care Unit in Two hospitals affiliated to K University in Seoul. Those patients sampled had not shown bacteriuria before foley catheterization. The research design is to explore the effectiveness of prevention against bacteriuria in accordance with bladder irrigation and no bladder irrigation. Especially, the frequency of occurrence of bacteriuria examined so as to compare the effectiveness of bladder irrigation depending on the type of foley catheter between 2-lumen foley catheter and 3-lumen foley catheter. The results Were as follows. 1. The occurrence of bacteriuria in patient with bladder irrigation was 21.7%, while in patient without bladder irrigation 26.1%. 2. The occurrence of bacteriuria in patient without bladder irrigation according to duration of Indwelling catheter, was 4.3% after 48 h, 8.7％ after 72 h and 21.7% after 96 h. 3. In case of 2-lumen foley catheter the occurrence of bacteriuria in patient with bladder irrigation was 0% after 72 h, and 4.35% after 96 h. In case of 3-lumen foley catheter, the occurrence of bacteriuria in patient with bladder irrigation was 13% after 48 h, 8.7% after 72 h and 4.3% after 96 h. 4. The occurrence of bacteriuria according to duration of catheterization was 8.7% after 48 h, 8.7% after 72 h and 15.2% after 96 h. In sex, female was 35% and male 15.4%. 5. The occurrence of bacteriuria according to mental state was 15% in clear state, while 29.6% in mental disorder. 6. In regard to a kind of microorganism induced bacteriuria, Gram negative bacteria was 63.7%, Gram positve bacteria 36.3%.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.416-419
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• 1998

Identification of escherchia coli K1 polysaccharide antigen isolated from urine specimens of urinary tract infections in children were performed from of 1992 to 1993 in Kyoto, Japan. The serotypes of E. coli were categorized that O1:H7, O2:H6, O2:H7, O16:H6, O18:H7, O18:H￣, and O135:H44 among 14 strains isolated from urine specimens of urinary tract infections in children by the serological test. And, one strain (O18:H￣, isolation rate: 7.1%) of E. coli K1 polysaccharide antigen among 14 strains were isolated from urine specimens of urinary tract infections in children by the bacteriophage test.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.232-240
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• 1972

Ethylacrylate에 대한 n-butylmercaptan의 첨가반응속도상수를 iodometry로 측정하여 넓은 pH범위에서 잘 맞는 속도식을 구하였다. 이 식에 의하면 pH 4 이하에서는 n-butylmercaptan분자가 첨가하여 pH 7 이상에서는 n-butylmercaptide ion이 첨가함을 알 수 있고 pH 4∼7 사이에서 일어나는 복잡한 첨가반응 메카니즘도 이 식으로 잘 설명 될 수 있음을 알았다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1969

Ethylcinnamate에 대한 ethylmercaptan의 첨가반응속도상수를 idodometry로 측정하여 넓은 pH범위에서 잘 맞는 속도식을 구하였다. 이 식에 의하면 pH3이하에서는 ethymercaptan분자가 첨가하여 pH7이상에서는 ethylmercaptide ion이 첨가함을 알 수있고 pH3-7사이에서 일어나는 복잡한 첨가반응 메카니즘도 이식으로 잘 설명될 수 있음을 알았다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.43-56
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• 1998

최근 전세계적으로 문제가 되고 있는 장출형성 대장균 O157:H7을 분리배양 및 동정 없이 바로 시료를 분석하여 신속하게 검출하기 위한 다중 중합효소 연쇄반응 (multiplex PCR) 기법을 확립하고, 이 기법을 이용하여 국내 분리 균주 중에서 SLT-I.II, eaeA, 60-MDa plasmid gene을 가지고 있는 대장균을 유전자 수준에서 검출하고자 하였다. 장출혈성 대장균 O157:H7이 가진 SLT-I.II, 60-MDa plasmid 유전자들에 대한 특이 oligonucleotide primers (MK1'-MK2', NAE19-NAE20, MFSIF-MFSIR)를 함께 동시에 반응 완충액에 넣어 다중 중합효소 연쇄반응을 시행한 결과 317bp (eaeA), 228bp (SLT-I.II), 167bp (60-MDa plasmid)의 PCR 증폭 DNA생성물을 표준균주 (E. coli ATCC 35150)에서는 확인할 수 있었지만, 기타 다른 병원성 장내세균 13세균 13균주에서는 band를 확인할 수 없었다. 한편 다중 중합효소 연쇄반응의 template DNA 추출 방법에 따른 PCR 결과를 비교하였다. 각각의 DNA 추출 방법 중 boiling lysis 방법이 신속하고 간편하여 장출혈성 대장균 O157:H7에 의한 식중독의 임상진단에 다중 중합효소 연쇄반응 (multiplex PCR) 적용하는 데에는 boiling lysis법을 이용하는 것이 가장 적합한 방법으로 확인되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1321-1326
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• 2014

Background/Aim: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and B7-H1, both normally expressed restricted to immune cells, are found to be aberrantly expressed in a majority of human tumors and may play important roles in regulation of tumor immunity. It has been shown that urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) patients can manifest tumoral immune escape which may be a potential critical factor in tumor pathogenesis and progression. However, so far, the mechanisms of UBC-related immune escape have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TLR4 and B7-H1 on immune escape of UBC. Methods: Bladder cancer T24 cells were pre-incubated with LPS and co-cultured with tumor specific CTLs. CTL cytotoxicity and apoptosis rates were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The effects of an ERK inhibitor on B7-H1 expression and CTL cytotoxicity against T24 cells were also evaluated. In addition, TLR4, B7-H1 and PD-1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 60 UBC specimens and 10 normal urothelia. Results: TLR4 activation protected T24 cells from CTL killing via B7-H1 overexpression. However PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, enhanced CTL killing of T24 cells by reducing B7-H1 expression. TLR4 expression was generally decreased in UBC specimens, while B7-H1 and PD-1 were greatly overexpressed. Moreover, expression of both B7-H1 and PD-1 was significantly associated with UICC stage and WHO grade classification. Conclusions: TLR4 and B7-H1 may contribute to immune escape of UBC. Targeting B7-H1 or the ERK pathway may offer new immunotherapy strategies for bladder cancer.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2006

본 연구는 아파트공사 굴착현장에서 많이 사용하고 있는 LW주입의 지반보강효과와 환경 영향성에 대한 검토를 목적으로 수행되어 졌다. 아울러 본 연구는 투수계수가 작은 지반에서 LW공법의 지반보강효과를 현장조사 및 실내시험으로 공학적인 규명을 하였고 환경영향성 시험을 실시하여 친환경성에대한 평가를 실시 하였다. 실내시험결과 SC류인 토질성상의 지반에 대한 LW고결체는 원지반에 비해 일축압축강도는 약 3배, 전단강도정수는 약 2배 증가되고 투수계수는 6~7배 감소되어 상당한 개량효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 환경영향성평가 결과 pH가 초기에는 7.96까지 증가하였으나 6시간 이후부터 감소하기 시작하여 80시간 이후에는 7.30으로 초기 pH 7.25를 회복하였고, 화학성분분석 시험결과 원수와 오염수의 수소이온농도(pH)가 원수는 pH 7.36, 오염수는 pH 7.85로서 "환경부 먹는물의 수질기준"에 의거, 기준치(pH 5.8~8.5) 범위 내 이므로 환경적으로 안전하였고 원수 및 오염수에 대한 염분 및 $Cr^{6+}$ 측정 시험결과 염분은 미미하며 $Cr^{6+}$은 미검출되어 친환경적임을 알 수 있었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.954-958
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• 2009

Effects of controlled- and uncontrolled-pH operations on phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) production by a recombinant Escherichia coli strain were investigated at uncontrolled-pH ($pH_{UC}$) and controlled-pH ($pH_C$) of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, and 8.5 in bioreactor systems. The results showed that the recombinant PAL activity was improved significantly by controlled pH strategy. Among the $pH_C$ operations, the highest PAL activities were obtained under $pH_C$ 7.5 strategy where cell mass ($OD_{600\;nm}$) and PAL activity was 1.3 and 1.8 fold higher than those of $pH_{UC}$, respectively. The maximum PAL activity reached 123 U/g. The $pH_C$ 7.5 strategy made recombinant plasmid more stable and therefore allowed easier expression of PAL recombinant plasmid, which increased PAL production. It was indicated that the new approach (controlled-pH strategy) obtained in this work possessed a high potential for the industrial production of PAL, especially in the biosynthesis of L-phenylalanine.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2003

This paper reports on a pilot scale comparison of PACS coagulation with and without pH preadjustment. The pH of the water was adjusted with carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid. Process performance was assessed on the basis of total organic carbon(TOC), UV absorbance, turbidity and disinfection by-product(DBP) precursors. Coagulation pH appeared to be a determining factor for maximum NOM removal. The optimum coagulation pH in order to decrease TOC and turbidity were pH 7. Preadjustment of pH 7 increased TOC removal to as much as 43, 47 percent with sulfuric acid and carbon dioxide. Moreover, coagulation at pH 7 caused a reduction in UV$_{254}$, THMFP and HAAFP compared to the baseline coagulation. For preadjustment of pH 7 with carbon dioxide, the percentage of TOC, UV$_{254}$, THMFP and HAAFP shows the reduction rate of 3.8, 0.5, 4.8, 9.4％ comparing to the coagulation rendition using sulfuric acid. Acid addition to depress pH during coagulation decrease Langelier Saturation Index(LSI), potentially causing increase corrosion in water distribution systems. LSI for carbon dioxide and sulfuric acid at pH 6 was -2.3, -3.3. Therefore, carbon dioxide was more effective at controlling corrosion than sulfuric acid.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.150-157
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• 1978

N-(p-nitrophenyl)-benzohydrazonyl azide (p-$CH_3,\;p-CH_3O,\;p-NO_2$, p-Cl, p-Br) 유도체들의 가수분해 반응 속도상수를 $25^{\cicr}C$의 50% dioxane 수용액속에서 자외선 분광광도법으로 측정하여 넓은 pH 범위에서 잘맞는 반응속도식을 구하였다. 위 반응속도식과 가수분해 반응속도에 미치는 치환기 효과를 검토하기 위하여 Hammet의 식에 도시한 결과 pH 5.0 이하에서는 $\rho$ = -0.47을, pH 7.0 이상에서는 $\rho$ = 0.68을 얻었다. 또한 반응속도에 미치는 염의 효과, 용매효과, 그리고 azide ion 효과로부터 이 가수분해 반응은 pH 5.0 이하에서는 $S_N1$ 반응, pH 7.0 이상에서는 hydrazonyl azide에 hydroxide 이온이 직접 반응하는 $S_N2$ 반응이 일어나며 pH 5.0와 pH 7.0 사이에서는 이 두반응이 서로 경쟁적으로 반응함을 알 수 있었다.