• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.327-334
• /
• 2002

This paper addresses an efficient loop filter algorithm to improve visual quality by simultaneously reducing blocking and ringing artifacts in H.26L video coder. H.26L video coding standard using the different coding mechanism to existing video coding standards has different distribution of blocking and ringing artifacts that is dependent on coding type, quantization step size, and motion vector. Therefore, the information is used to define the filter type and the filter coefficients. and a projection operator is defined to avoid the over-smoothness. In addition, in order to avoid over-smoothing coming from filtering processing, a constraint projection operator is defined. Since the above information is available both in encoder and in the decoder, a loop filter is used, and the algorithm is simplified to reduce the computational cost. Experimental results show the capability of the proposed algorithm.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.892-898
• /
• 2005

A long, bis(monodentate), linking Schiff-base ligand L (py-CH=N-$C_6H_4$-N=CH-py) was prepared from 1,4-phenylenediamine and 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde by the Schiff-base condensation. Ligand L has two terminal pyridyl groups capable of coordinating to metals through their nitrogen atoms. In contrast, the same reaction between 1,2-phenylenediamine and 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde produced a mixture of imidazol isomers (2-pyridin-3-yl-1H-benzoimidazole), which are connected to one another by the N-H…N hydrogen bonding to form a tetramer. From Zn($NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ and ligand L under various conditions, one discrete molecule, trans- [Zn($H_2O)_4L_2]{\cdot}(NO_3)_2{\cdot}(MeOH)_2$, and two 1-D zinc polymers, [Zn$(NO_3)(H_2O)_2(L)]{\cdot}(NO_3){\cdot}(H_2O)_2$ and [Zn(L) (OBC)($H_2O$)], were prepared. In ligand L, the N$\ldots$N separation between the terminal pyridyl groups is 13.994 $\AA$, with their nitrogen atoms at the meta positions (3,3’) in a trans manner. The corresponding N$\ldots$N separations in its compounds range from 13.853 to 14.754 $\AA$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.488-492
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the bioequivalence of two haloperidol 5 mg tablets, Myung In haloperidol (Myung In Pharm. Co., Ltd., test drug) and $Peridol^{R}$(Whanin Pharm. Co., Ltd., reference drug), and also to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of haloperidol in Korean volunteers. The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of haloperidol tablets were examined on 24 healthy volunteers who received a single oral dose of each preparation in the fasting state in a randomized balanced 2 way crossover design. After an oral dosing, blood samples were collected for a period of 60 h. Plasma concentrations of haloperidol were determined using a liquid chromatographic electrospray mass spectrometric (LC-MS) method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. The geometric means of $AUC_{0-60h} and C_{max}$ between test and reference formulations were $17.21\pm8.26 ng\cdot/mL vs 17.31\pm13.24 ng\cdot/mL and 0.87\pm0.74 ng/mL vs 0.85\pm0.62 ng/mL$. respectively. The $90\%$ confidence intervals of mean difference of logarithmic transformed $AUC_{0-60h} and C_{max} were log0.9677{\sim}log1.1201 and log0.8208{\sim}log1.1981$, respectively. It shows that the bioavailability of test drug is equivalent with that of reference drug. The geometric means of other pharmacokinetic parameters ($AUC_{inf}. t_{1/2}, V_{d}/F, and CL/F$) between test drug and reference drug were $21.75\pm8.50 ng{\cdot}h/mL vs 21.77\pm15.63 ng{\cdot}h/mL, 29.87\pm8.25 h vs 29.60\pm7.56 h, 11.51\pm5.45 L vs 12.90\pm6.12 L and 0.26\pm0.09 L/h vs 0.31\pm0.17 L/h$, respectively. These observations indicate that the two formulation for haloperidol was bioequivalent and, thus, may be clinically interchangeable.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.566-572
• /
• 2000

Experimental studies were carried out to develop an osmotolerant mutant of Candida magnoliae JH and to determine the optimum concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources to improve erythritol yield and productivity. Mutants of C. magnoliae JH were prepared by treatment with ethylmethane sulfonate, and osmotolerant mutants were isolated from the agar plate colonies containing 2.5 M KCI. Among the mutants isolated, one mutant M26 was finally selected based on erythritol yield and productivity. In shake flask culture, glucose proved to be the best carbon source and the optimum yeast extract concentration was 5 g/L based on 100 g/L glucose. The erythritol yield and productivity of mutant M26 were greater than wild type in 100 g/L glucose medium. in the fermentation experiments, erythritol production increased with increased glucose concentration, up to a limit of 250 g/L. The maximum concentration of erythritol achieved 127.5 g/L, and the yield and productivity of erythritol production were 51.0% and 0.63 g/L-h, respectively.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
• /
• 2001.09a
• /
• pp.645-648
• /
• 2001

본 논문에서는 H.26L 동영상 압축 표준화 방식에서 블록화 및 링 현상을 동시에 제거하는 계산량이 감소된 일차원 loop filter를 제안한다. 새로운 일차원 정규화 완화 함수가 정의되고 두 개의 인접 방향에서 완화의 정도를 조절하는 정규화 매개변수는 부호화와 복호화 부에서 이용 가능한 코드화 블록 패턴과 양자화 스텝크기로 정의된다. 그러므로, 정규화 매개변수를 정의하고 압축된 동영상으로부터 복원된 영상을 얻기 위한 기타 정보는 필요하지 않다. 실험결과로부터 제안된 알고리즘의 성능은 확인할 수 있었다.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.166-172
• /
• 2016

In this study critical permeation flux was measured by the flux-step method with respect to aeration rate. The hollow fiber membrane module which has $85cm^2$ of effective area and $0.4{\mu}m$ nominal pore size was submerged in the activated sludge solution of MLSS 5,000 mg/L. The critical flux for without aeration was measured of $15.2L/m^2{\cdot}h$. However, the critical flux increased from 20.6 to $32.5L/m^2{\cdot}h$ as the aeration rate increased from 100 to 1,000 mL/min.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.290-298
• /
• 2011

The influence of co-existing gases on the hydrogen permeation was studied through a Pd-coated $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ alloy membrane. The hydrogen permeation characteristics of Pd-coated $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ alloy membrane have been investigated in the pressure range 1-3 bar under pure hydrogen and hydrogen mixture gas with carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide at $450^{\circ}C$. Preliminary hydrogen permeation experiments have been confirmed that hydrogen flux was $5.36mL/min/cm^2$ for a Pd-coated $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ alloy membrane (thick: 0.5 mm) using pure hydrogen as the feed gas. In addition, hydrogen fluxes were 4.46, 5.20, $3.91mL /min/cm^2$ for$V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ alloy membrane using $H_2/CO_2$, $H_2/CO$ and $H_2/CO_2/CO$ as the feed gas respectively. Therefore, the hydrogen permeation flux decreased with decrease of hydrogen partial pressure irrespective of temperature and pressure when $H_2/CO_2$, $H_2/CO$ and $H_2/CO_2/CO$ mixture applied as feed gas respectively and permeation fluxes were satisfied with Sievert's law in different feed conditions. It was found from XRD results after permeation test that the Pd-coated $V_{53}Ti_{26}Ni_{21}$ alloy membrane had good stability and durability for various mixtures feeding condition.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.53-58
• /
• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of Scutellariae Radix Water Extract on hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Methods : Scutellariae Radix produced from South Korea (SK) and Scutellariae Radix produced from China (SC) were extracted by hot water. Effects of SK and SC on hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 assay after 2, 4, 20, 24, 28, 44, and 48 h incubation at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 ug/mL. Results : SK significantly increase hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells for 2, 4, 20, 24, 28, 44, and 48 h incubation at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 ug/mL (P < 0.05). SC also significantly increase hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells for 4, 20, 24, 28, and 48 h incubation at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 ug/mL (P < 0.05). For 2 h incubation, SC significantly increase hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 10, 25, and 100 ug/mL (P < 0.05). For 44 h incubation, SC significantly increase hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 10, 25, and 50 ug/mL (P < 0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that Scutellariae Radix has the immune - enhancing property related with its increasement of hydrogen peroxide production in macrophages.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2015

Organic wastes such as food waste (FW), livestock wastewater (LW), and sewage sludge (SWS) can produce hydrogen ($H_2$) by anaerobic acid fermentation. Expecially, FW which has high carbohydrate content produces $H_2$ and short chain fatty acids by indigenous $H_2$ producing microorganisms without adding inoculum, however $H_2$ production rate (HPR) and yield have to be improved to use a commercially available technology. In this study, LW was mixed to FW in different ratios (on chemical oxygen demand (COD) basis) as an auxiliary substrate. The mixture of FW and LW was pretreated at pH 2 using 6 N HCl for 12 h and then fermented at $37^{\circ}C$ for 28 h. HPR of FW, 254 mL $H_2/L/h$, was increased with the addition of LW, however, mixing ratio of LW to FW was reversely related to HPR, exhibiting HPR of 737, 733, 599, and 389 mL $H_2/L/h$ at the ratio of FW:LW=10:1, 10:2, 10:3, and 10:4 on COD basis, respectively. Maximum HPR and $H_2$ production yield of 737 $H_2/L/h$ and 1.74 mol $H_2/mol$ hexoseadded were obtained respectively at the ratio of FW:LW=10:1. Butyrate was the main organic acid produced and propionate was not detected throughout the experiment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.144-149
• /
• 2006

This is a study on relationship between soil pH and flower color and growth of Hibiscus siriacus L, looking for the pH range to result the most ideal flower color. I anticipate this study result will lay a foundation of improved breeding plan of Hibiscus siriacus L. According to the result of investigation and analysis on bleeding peculiarities by each soil pH, the numbers of leaves in Honghwarang and Younggwang reached the highest at pH 7: 188.73 and 135.87 respectively. Increased pH resulted the increased number of leaves. According to the result of investigation and analysis on color changes of four kinds of Hibiscus siriacus L. at various pH level, Honghwarang's L value gradually decreased from 17.05 to 12.26 at pH increase while a value increased from 16.37 to 20.91.