• 한국광학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.230-238
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• 2011

디지털 일안 반사식 카메라 또는 콤팩트 시스템 카메라용의 교환렌즈용 줌 광학계는 화각과 제품 사양에 따라 여러 가지 형태 가 있으므로, 하나의 AF(auto-focus)군으로만 줌 렌즈의 광각단과 망원단 2곳에서 상면이동의 보정(즉, 핀트 조정)이 불가능한 경우가 발생한다. 또한 줌 광학계의 광각단과 망원단 2곳에서의 후초점거리(back focal length, BFL)가 설정된 BFL 설계값과 일치하도록 조정하기 위해서는 적어도 2곳에서 핀트 조정을 해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 광학계에 대한 종민감도의 개념을 사용한 핀트 조정의 계산 방법에 대해 제안하고, 이 광학계에 대해 핀트 조정의 조정량 한계를 통계적 분석을 통하여 계산했다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2004

Background and objective : Rabeprazole is a new generation proton pump inhibitor, which has a rapid onset after first dose, predictable efficacy in all patients regardless of CYP2C19 genotype status, and less nocturnal acid breakthrough. The aim of the study is to investigate clinical efficacy and safety of rabeprazole sodium (Pariet 10mg qd)when administered once daily to patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR) disease. Methods : Among the patients who had visited the Department of Otolaryngology, those with LPR symptoms, had undergone laryngoscopy. Symptoms and endoscopic laryngeal sings were recorded initially, at 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, and more than 3 months, All patients were evaluated for clinical efficacy on the basis of symptom scores, reflux finding score(RFS), and side effects. Results : In general, most symptom scores and RFS improved over the time. Efficacy of the Pariet on LPR-related symptoms were $63.2\%,\;77.5\%,\;78.7\%,\;and\;90.9\%$ before 4 weeks, 4 to 8 weeks, 8 to 12 weeks, and after 12 weeks respectively. Efficacy on the RFS were $61.8\%,\;78.4\%,\;82.9\%,\;and\;85.5\%$ before 4 weeks, 4 to 8 weeks, 8 to 12 weeks, and after 12 weeks respectively. Pariet was well tolerated and was associated with few drug-related side effects. Conclusion Because of its efficacy and safety, Pariet may prove to be an alternative to currently available proton pump inhibitors.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2002

Estrus was induced in 13 anestrus Korea Jin-do bitches by intramuscular injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) in a dose of 500 lU once daily for ten consecutive days, followed by an additional single intraveneous injection of 1,000 lU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the tenth day. Day-changes of vaginal epithelial cells during the hormone treatment were investigated in each experimental bitches and compared with the those of spontaneous estrus bitches. The first days of vulval bleeding and male acceptance after PMSG treatment were on Day 6.0$\pm$ 1.5 (mean$\pm$ SD) and Day 9.0$\pm$ 1.9, respectively. And in all of 13 bitches, vulval swelling and perineal reflex were shown. The mean durations of proestrus and estrus were 2.9$\pm$ 1.4 (mean$\pm$ SD, range ; 1-6) and 11.5: 1.7 (range ; 8-14) days, respectively, that is, duration of proestrus was significantly shorter than that of the spontneous estrous bitches but duration of estrus was longer than that of the spontaneous estrous bitches. Characteristic features of vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were the high proportions of large intermediate cell, superficial cell, anuclear cell and erythrocyte in proestrus, superficial cell and anuclear cell in estrus and parabasal cell, small intermediate, large intermediate cell, and leukocyte in diestrus, respectively. The comification index (Cl) was significantly high proportion in proestrus and estrus, when Day 0 was timed from the first day of male acceptance, the Cl was first increased above 80% on Day 0 and maintained above 80% until Day 0 to Day 5 during 6 days and showed a peak on Day 2. Also it was maintained above 90% until Day 2 to Day 3 during 2 days. These results indicated that all 13 ekperimental bitches showed positive estrus detection by the estrus behavior and vaginal smear test after treated with PMSG and hCC. It suggested that vaginal cytology was used to estimate the optimal mating and ovulation time, in consideration of the day when the Cl was maintained above 80% in estrus-induced Korea Jin-do bitches.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제58권4호
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• pp.363-367
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility and validity of using a pupillometer to assess patients with acute brain lesions. Methods : Pupillary examinations using an automated pupillometer ($NeurOptics^{(R)}NPi^{TM}$-100 Pupillometer) were performed every 4 hours and were simultaneously assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and for intracranial pressure (ICP), from admission to discharge or expire in neuro-intensive care unit (NICU). Manual pupillary examinations were also recorded for comparison. By comparing these data, we evaluated the validity of using automated pupillometers to predict clinical outcomes. Results : The mean values of the Neurologic Pupillary index (NPi) were different in the groups examined manually. The GCS correlated well with NPi values, especially in severe brain injury patients (GCS below 9). However, the NPi values were weakly correlated with intracranial pressure (ICP) when the ICP was lower than 30 cm $H_2O$. The NPi value was not affected by age or intensity of illumination. In patients with a "poor" prognosis who had a Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) of 1 or 2, the mean initial NPi score was $0.88{\pm}1.68$, whereas the value was $3.89{\pm}0.97$ in patients with a "favorable" prognosis who had a GOS greater than 2 (p<0.001). For predicting clinical outcomes, the initial NPi value of 3.4 had the highest sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion : An automated pupillometer can serve as a simple and useful tool for the accurate measurement of pupillary reactivity in patients with acute brain lesions.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2018

Purpose: Minimal change esophagitis (MCE) is a reflux disease without mucosal breaks, known to be partially associated with abnormal gastric motor function. Electrogastrography (EGG) is commonly applied to assess gastric motor function in a noninvasive fashion. We aimed to determine the relationship between MCE and gastric myoelectrical activity (GME) recorded on EGG in children. Methods: We retrospectively assessed the records of 157 children without underlying disease who underwent both EGG and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Gachon University Gil Medical Center between January 2010 and June 2015. The children were stratified according to the appearance of the esophagus (normal vs. MCE). Between-group differences in EGG parameters and their correlation with each MCE finding were statistically analyzed. Results: Only the power ratio, one of the EGG parameters analyzed, differed significantly between the two groups (MCE, $1.68{\pm}3.37$ vs. normal, $0.76{\pm}1.06$; p<0.05), whereas the other parameters, such as dominant frequency, dominant power, and the ratio of abnormal rhythm, showed no differences. Among children with MCE, significant correlations were noted between erythema and power ratio (p<0.05), friability and postprandial dominant frequency (p<0.05), and edema and/or accentuation of mucosal folds and pre-prandial frequency (p<0.05). Helicobacter pylori infection correlated with postprandial arrhythmia (MCE, $33.59{\pm}15.52$ vs. normal, $28.10{\pm}17.23$; p<0.05). EGG parameters did not differ between children with normal esophagus and those with biopsy-proven chronic esophagitis. Conclusion: In children with MCE, gastric dysmotility may affect the development of MCE, manifesting as EGG abnormalities. H. pylori infection may also affect GME. However, larger prospective investigations are needed to confirm these findings.

• 약학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.163-174
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• 1978

차전자(Plantaginis Semen)은 우리나라 전국 각지의 원야와 노방의 자생하는 다년생 초목으로 Plantaginaceae(질경이과)에 속하는 Plantago major L. var. asiatica Decaisne 질경이의 종자를 말하며 그의 성분으로는 다량의 점액, 지방유, pentosan 및 galactan, succinic acid, plantanolic acid, adenine, choline. K-염등이 알려져 있다. 이 차전자는 한방과 민간에서 소염, 이뇨, 진해, 지사제로서 널리 사용되어 왔으며 그의 약리작용에 관해서는 이미 저자들이 가토를 이용한 실험에서 이의 methanol extract가 자궁수축작용, 호흡흥분작용, 혈압강하작용, 장관수축작용, 심장박동의 완제작용, 항이뇨작용이 있음을 보고한 바 있다. 그러나 그의 기전에 관해서는 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 따라서 저자들은 위의 여러가지 작용중 특히 혈압강하작용에 관한 본태를 파악하여 그의 실용성 여부를 구명코자 이 실험을 착수하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.10-18
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• 1985

The posterior hypothalamus of the hibernating greater horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum korai Kuroda) were observed with an electron microscope. The posterior hypothalamus is known to be closely related to the reflex responses activated by cold, and the following observations were obtained in the cellular type of nerve cells: there are three types of neurons in the posterior hypothalamus. 1. The first type of neuron was the largest, ovoid or conical in shape, the nucleus was elliptic and the nuclear envelope had many deep invaginations. The cell organelles were well developed, in particular there was an abundance of variously shaped mitochondria, and the Golgi complex and the polysomes were observed in the cytoplasm. 2. The second type of neuron was moderate in size, ovoid or elliptic in shape, the nucleus was located nearer to the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope had. a few invaginations. The cytoplasm was rich in amount compared with that of the third type of neuron, and the cell organelles, especially the rough endoplasmic reticulum were well developed. Also lipofuscin pigments were observed. 3. The third type of neuron was the smallest in size and round in shape. The nucleus and the nucleolus were observed in the central portion of the cell body and the nuclear envelope had a few invaginations. The cytoplasm was small compared with those of the first and second types, but the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the mitechondria and the polysomes were relatively well developed. The cytoplasm was characterized by the presence of membrane-bound small bodies with a single membrane containing a fine particular substance around the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complexes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.282-292
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• 1993

Neurotoxicity in the workplace may occur with exposure to scores of chemicals. Although large acute outbreaks of the occupational neurological disease are rare, the incidence of occupational neurotoxicity in its subtler aspects is unknown. A working knowledge of both the major occupational neurotoxic solvents and the tools used by cliniical neurologists and neurotoxicologists to evaluate neurotoxicity in working populations is a necessity fur the occupational physician. To investigate the effects of carbon disulfide($CS_2$) on the peripheral nerve system using the nervous conduction study, 105 male workers working in the spinning room of a viscose rayon factory were examined and compared with a sex and age matched, unexposed 105 male controls using t-test analysis. 72.4% of $CS_2$-exposed workers complained of neurological symptoms, and the abnormal cases in nerve conduction study were 48.6%. The abnormal cases of nerve conduction study increased in number according as the age and duration of exposure increased. In this study, asymptomatic workers were confirmed to have subclinical neuropathy by nerve conduction study. Also as there were abnormal cases even in its duration of exposure below 4 years, nerve conduction study turned out to be ways of discovering of early peripheral neuropathy. In nerve conduction study, the amplitude, velocity, F-wave latency and H-reflex of the motor and sensory nerves in both upper and lower extremities were significant different between $CS_2$-exposed workers and the controls. From the pathological viewpoint, both segmental and axonal degenerations were assumed in this study.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.81-87
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• 1999

신성고혈압백서모델인 one-kidney, one-clip Goldblatt 고혈압백서에서 혈압과 NO생성에 미치는 고려홍삼 사포닌과 비사포닌의 영향을 규명하고자, 무마취 무제한상태에서 혈압을 측정하고, 혈중 NO와 NO합성효노에 대한 활성 및 단백량을 실시한 결과이다. 고려홍삼 사포닌은 정상혈압백서 및 신성고혈압백서에서 모두 혈압을 강하시키는 효과가 현저하였는데 혈압강하는 초기 2-4분 동안 최대를 보였으며 혈압강하와 동시에 심박수의 증가 현상이 관찰되었다. 그러나 고려홍삼 비사포닌은 혈압강하효과와 심박수의 증가현상은 사포닌에 비하여 미미 하였다. 고려홍삼 사포닌에 의한 혈압강하 현상과 NO와의 상관관계를 규명하기 위하여 혈중 NO를 측정한 결과 홍삼사포닌은 혈중 NO를 상승시켰다. NO합성효소의 활성도를 측정하기 위하여 $[^{3}H]-L-arginine$의 $[^{3}H]-L-cioulline$으로의 변환률을 측정한 결과 고려홍삼 사포닌에 의하여 NO합성효소의 활성도는 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 고려홍삼은 혈압을 강하시키는 효과가 있으며, 이러한 혈압강하는 주로 사포닌 성분에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 고려홍삼 혈압강하 현상은 혈중의 NO량을 증가시키는 것에 기인하며 NO의 증가는 NO합성효소의 활성도의 증가에 기인하는것으로 사료된다.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2008

목적: 본 연구는 전정감각과 고유감각 제공을 기초로 한 감각통합치료를 통해 아스퍼거 아동의 전정 고유감각 처리 능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 연구대상은 P시에 거주하는 만 11세 2개월 된 남아로, 8세되던 해에 아스퍼거로 진단받았다. 본 연구는 개별 실험 연구 중 AB설계를 사용하였다. 실험과정은 기초선 기간(A) 3회, 중재 기간(B) 8회로 진행되었다. 기초선 기간에는 감각통합치료를 실시하지 않았으며, 중재기간에는 전정감각과 고유감각 제공을 기초로 한 감각통합치료를 실시하였다. 전정 고유감각 처리는 자세 조절 능력의 기초를 형성하므로 자세 조절 능력을 알아보기 위해 테이블 활동 후 아동의 앉은 자세 변화와 복와위 신전 자세를 평가하였다. 결과: 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 아동의 앉은 자세 조절 능력과 복와위 신전 자세는 기초선 기간과 비교하여 중재기간에 대부분 2 표준편차 이상으로 향상되었다. 따라서 전정감각과 고유감각 제공을 기초로 한 감각통합치료가 아스퍼거 아동의 전정 고유감각 처리능력 향상에 효과적이었다. 결론: 본 연구는 아스퍼거 아동이 보이는 감각처리의 어려움을 파악하여 감각통합치료를 접근하고 그 결과를 측정함으로써, 감각통합치료의 질적인 효과를 제시한데 의의가 있다.