• 제목/요약/키워드: H-B grade

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Carcass Traits Determining Quality and Yield Grades of Hanwoo Steers

  • Moon, S.S.;Hwang, I.H.;Jin, S.K.;Lee, J.G.;Joo, S.T.;Park, G.B.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제16권7호
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    • pp.1049-1054
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    • 2003
  • A group of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) steers (n=14,386) was sampled from a commercial abattoir located in Seoul over one year period (spring, summer, autumn and winter) and their carcass traits were collected. Carcass traits assessed by an official meat grader comprised degree of marbling, meat color, fat color, texture and maturity for quality grade, and back fat thickness, ribeye area and carcass weight for yield grade. A heavier carcass with a higher marbling score, more red meat color and white fat color received better quality grade (p<0.05). Regression analysis showed that the marbling score was the strongest attribute (partial $R^2=0.88$) for quality grade. Lighter carcasses with a thinner back fat and larger ribeye area received higher yield grade score. The back fat thickness was the most negative determinant of yield grade (Partial $R^2=-0.66$). The slaughter season had a little effect on quality and yield grades. As slaughter weight increased, back fat thickness and ribeye area increased linearly, whereas marbling score reached its asymptotic level at approximately 570 kg. As a consequence, quality grade showed a considerable improvement up to 570 kg, but increases in slaughter weight afterward showed a little benefit on quality grade. There was a clear curvilinear relationship between slaughter weight and yield grade in that the yield grade reached its highest point at approximately 490 kg and decreased afterward. These results suggested that 570kg at the age of 24 months might be the economic slaughter weight for quality grade but 490 kg for yield grade.

시판 덖음녹차의 품질에 따른 이화학적 특성 (Chemical Properties on the Quality of Marketed Roasting Green teas)

  • 신미경;장미경;서은숙
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.356-361
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    • 1995
  • 시판되고 있는 녹차를 가격과 적채시기에 따라 상품, 중품 및 하품으로 구분하여 수분, 회분, 총 질소, 탄닌, 카페인, 색도 및 엽록소의 함량을 분석하고 관능평가를 실시하여 품질에 따른 상관관계를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 수분의 함량은 2.17-3.67%, 회분은 4.50-5.17%, 총 질소는 4.38-4.68%로 품질에 따른 차이가 없었다. 2. 탄닌은 상품이 11.09%,중품이 14.22%, 하품이 14.44%로서 상품이 중품과 하품보다 유의적으로 낮았다. 3. 질소와 탄닌의 조성비율(N/T)은 상품이 39.5%, 중품이 32.6%, 하품이 32.70%으로 상품일수록 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 4. 카페인은 상품이 평균 1.78%, 중품이 1.32%, 하품이 0.92%로 적채시기가 늦어질수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. 5. 엽록소 a와 b의 량은 상품이 중품과 하품보다 유의적으로 높게 나타나 총엽록소 함량은 상품이 297.37 mg%, 중품이 182.89 mg%, 하품이 204.79 mg%으로 상품이 가장 높았다. 6. 색도에서 Yellow치는 상품과 중품이 하품보다 유의적으로 높았으나, red와 blue치에서는 품질간의 차이가 없었다. 7. 관능 평가는 상품이 중품과 하품보다 외판, 맛이 좋았으며 향기와 색깔은 상품과 중품이 비슷하게 나타나 전체적인 관능평가도는 상품, 중품, 하품순으로 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 8. 가격과 적채시기에 따른 품질은 카페인, 외관, 맛과는 양의 상관관계(P < 0.01)를, tannin과는 음의 상관관계(P < 0.05)를 보였다. 또한 질소와 탄닌의 조성비율(N/T)은 탄닌과는 높은 음의 상관관계(P < 0.01)를 나타내었으나 카페인과는 양의 상관관계(P < 0.05)를 나타내었다. 이상에서 적채시기가 빠른 상품일수록 질소와 탄닌의 조성비율(N/T)이 높고, 카페인 및 총 엽록소의 함량이 높았으며, 관능평가에서도 좋게 나타났다.연화도는 증가하였으나, 기호도의 경우는 알갱이 15%,분말 10%를 장조림에 첨가하였을 때 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다.반후의 색차도 PT20이 가장 낮았다.ference. The pH and titratible acidity of the two juices with different ratios were in the range of 4.92~4.98 and 36.g∼37.4 ml, respectively.2K 이었으며, 다층 YbB $a_2$C $u_3$A $g_{x}$(x=5, 16 and 53)의 $T_{on}$ 은 88~90K이었다._{on}$ 은 88~90K이었다.er-designity. These trends identify the overall prevailing conditions of Korean landscape architectural design over the past thirty years.ang(목마장 horse ranches) and Neungyuk(능역 royal tombs) . Activities prohibited for conservation purposes included cutting timbers, burning, building houses or tombs, dumping wastes, farming and breaking up fresh land, grazing, hunting and trespassing. Positive actions for conservation were rituals to Heaven ennoblement of natural elements such as mountians or rivers, planting trees, Boto (보토 supplementing soil on low ridges) , Josan (조산 mounding)

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국산카올린의 흡착성에 관한 연구(III) 고체-액체 계면 흡착 (Studies on the Adsorptive Properties of Korean Kaolin(III) Adsorption at Solid-Liquid Interface)

  • 이계주
    • 약학회지
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.380-386
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    • 1985
  • The adsorption of quinine, atropine and methylrozaniline chloride from aqueous phase by different kaolins was studied to innovated utilization of Korean kaolins as pharmaceutical agents. The adsorption isotherms were determined at $27{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and the results were plotted according to the Langmuir equation. The Langmuir constants were calculated from adsorption isotherms of quinine and methylrozaniline chloride; a=1.46, 1.34 b=5.7, 9.3 and slope=0.175, 0.108, respectively. The kaolins gave the same type of curves with the two alkaloids and methylrozaniline chloride. The white colored premium grade kaolins were better adsorbent for the alkaloids and methylrozaniline chloride than the lower grade ones. The results indicate that the premium grade kaolins could be utilized as an ingredients in intestinal preparations. The condition of activation for the better adsorption was under the cases with the higher temperature and the lower pressure. The smaller particle size, the greater was adsorption power and the activated kaolins had superior adsorptive properties at higher pH value than at higher hydrogen-concentrations.

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경주시 생태하천 예정지인 소현천의 관속식물상 (Vascular Plants of Construct-Reserved Site of Ecological Stream, Sohyeoncheon in Gyeongju-si)

  • 유주한
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제21권5호
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    • pp.61-79
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the flora of Sohyeoncheon which is planned for ecological restoration and river maintenance from upstream to downstream, and also to collect the ecological data to cope with the change of the ecosystem of Sohyeoncheon. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 336 taxa including 82 families, 233 genera, 298 species, 1 subspecies, 33 varieties and 4 forms. The rare plants were 3 taxa including Aristolochia contorta Bunge, Prunus yedoensis Matsum.(planting) and Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann. The Korean endemic plants were 4 taxa including Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee(planting), Lespedeza maritima Nakai, Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai(planting) and Weigela subsessilis (Nakai) L.H.Bailey. The specific plants by floristic region were 15 taxa including 1 taxon of grade V, grade IV and grade II each, 4 taxa of grade III and 8 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 60 taxa and the invasive alien plants were 3 taxa. The results of analysis by vertical structures showed that naturalized plants included 31 taxa of upstream, 53 taxa of midstream and 38 taxa of downstream. An analysis of crossing structures showed that 2 taxa of water channel, 3 taxa of low waterside, 41 taxa of high waterside and 48 taxa of bank.

Expression of Serum and Muscle Endocrine Factors at Antemortem and Postmortem Periods and Their Relationship with Pig Carcass Grade

  • Kim, W.K.;Kim, M.H.;Ryu, Y.H.;Ryu, Y.C.;Rhee, M.S.;Seo, D.S.;Lee, C.Y.;Kim, B.C.;Ko, Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제18권5호
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    • pp.716-722
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    • 2005
  • Carcass weight and backfat thickness are primary yield grading factors. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/-II, transforming growth factor $\beta$1 (TGF-$\beta$1), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells including adipocytes. Also, interleukin (IL)-2/-6, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) are known to be related to muscle growth and fat depth. However, the relationships between endocrine factors and carcass grade have not been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the concentrations of endocrine factors in serum and muscle, and to investigate the relationship of endocrine factors with carcass grade. A total of 60 crossbred gilts (Duroc${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Landrace) were used. Blood from the jugular vein was collected at antemortem (7 days before slaughter) and postmortem periods, and M. Longissimus was collected at 45 min and 24 h after slaughter. The concentrations of IGF-I/-II, EGF, TGF-$\beta$1, IL-2/-6, cortisol and DHEA-S were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In general, IGF and EGF concentrations in serum and muscle of grade A carcasses were found to be higher than those of grade C carcasses at antemortem and postmortem periods, whereas the pattern of TGF-$\beta$1 concentration was reversed. In particular, the concentrations of muscle IGF-I (24 h postmortem) and serum TGF-$\beta$1 (antemortem) were significantly different between grades A and C (p<0.05). The present results indicate that serum and muscle growth factors affect carcass weight and backfat thickness, and indirectly suggest the possibility that carcass grade could be predicted by expression of serum and/or muscle growth factors.

안면신경마비 후유증 정안침 증례보고 (Case Study of a Patient with Sequelae of Facial Palsy)

  • 이은지;김성태;권민구;신현권;고용준;강수우;나재일;설재욱;조현정;정필선;현민경;정민영
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.347-351
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    • 2015
  • This study examines a clinical progress of treatment for the sequelae of facial palsy through Jung-ahn acupuncture. The patient in this case was diagnosed with facial paralysis a few years ago. The patient was treated with Korean medicine and Western medicine, but was given up without improvement. The paretic symptom was found out in left side of the face. Also facial spasm and epiphora caused by blepharoptosis were existed. The patient got 8 times Jung-ahn acupuncture treatment from September 18th, 2014 to September 26th, 2014. House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system(H-B scale) was implemented. On the first time of the treatment, H-B scale was Grade Ⅴ and facial nerve grading was 2/8. Facial spasm and epiphora caused by blepharoptosis in lower eyelid were appeared on facial expressions and conversation. After total 8 treatments(therapies), H-B scale was Grade Ⅲ and facial nerve grading was 5/8. The symptoms of facial paralysis and blepharoptosis were improved. Jung-ahn acupuncture is estimated to be effective in facial palsy sequela. More cases are required to develop treatment of facial palsy sequela.

Effect of TLR4 and B7-H1 on Immune Escape of Urothelial Bladder Cancer and its Clinical Significance

  • Wang, Yong-Hua;Cao, Yan-Wei;Yang, Xue-Cheng;Niu, Hai-Tao;Sun, Li-Jiang;Wang, Xin-Sheng;Liu, Jing
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권3호
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    • pp.1321-1326
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    • 2014
  • Background/Aim: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and B7-H1, both normally expressed restricted to immune cells, are found to be aberrantly expressed in a majority of human tumors and may play important roles in regulation of tumor immunity. It has been shown that urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) patients can manifest tumoral immune escape which may be a potential critical factor in tumor pathogenesis and progression. However, so far, the mechanisms of UBC-related immune escape have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TLR4 and B7-H1 on immune escape of UBC. Methods: Bladder cancer T24 cells were pre-incubated with LPS and co-cultured with tumor specific CTLs. CTL cytotoxicity and apoptosis rates were measured by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The effects of an ERK inhibitor on B7-H1 expression and CTL cytotoxicity against T24 cells were also evaluated. In addition, TLR4, B7-H1 and PD-1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 60 UBC specimens and 10 normal urothelia. Results: TLR4 activation protected T24 cells from CTL killing via B7-H1 overexpression. However PD98059, an inhibitor of ERK, enhanced CTL killing of T24 cells by reducing B7-H1 expression. TLR4 expression was generally decreased in UBC specimens, while B7-H1 and PD-1 were greatly overexpressed. Moreover, expression of both B7-H1 and PD-1 was significantly associated with UICC stage and WHO grade classification. Conclusions: TLR4 and B7-H1 may contribute to immune escape of UBC. Targeting B7-H1 or the ERK pathway may offer new immunotherapy strategies for bladder cancer.