• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.810-816
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to measure the hydration characteristics at $20^{\circ}C$ and investigated the effect of water to rice ratio(v/w) on the texture properties of cooked rice of ten different varieties based on maturity. Water absorptions during soaking were completed between 30min and 35min at $20^{\circ}C$. The ranges of equilibrium moisture content were between 0.3247g $H_2O/g$ dry matter and 0.3577g H201g dry matter. During the cooking process, the water content of cooked rice increased 6~7% with increased the ratio of water to rice from 1.4 to 1.6(v/w). The hardness(H) of cooked rice decreased, while the stickiness(-H) and -H/H ratio increased with increased ratio of water to rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 2010

The signification of calorie/water (C/W) ratio was investigated in the treatment of highly concentrated organic wastes by thermophilic oxic process (TOP). Swine waste was used in this study. When C/W ratio was 1.6, most of swine waste was decomposed and all water was evaporated in the 24-h injection cycle. To improve treatment efficiency of TOP treating swine waste, the effect of shortening the swine waste injection cycle was examined. The shortening of injection cycle was conducted to stimulate the activity of thermophilic bacteria. A high temperature in the reactor was maintained by shortening of the injection cycle. When the swine waste injection cycle was shortened, the C/W ratio was fixed at 1.6. As a result, by shortening the swine waste injection cycle from 24-h to 12 and 6-h, the maximum loading rate of swine waste per day could be improved 1.9 and 3.5 times, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.3 no.6
• /
• pp.661-667
• /
• 1993

Effects of $SiH_4//WF_6$(=R) ratio on the electrical properties of W films such as resistvity, contact resistance, junction leakage current in the selective W CVD technology for contact barrier metal were investigated with the emphasis on the role of $\alpha$-W Resistivity of W increases with increasing R, which is primarily due to the phase transformation from $\alpha$-W to , $\alpha$-W. $\alpha$-W found in the SiH4 reduced CVD W film is stabilized by Si incorporated into the W film rather than by oxygen. $\alpha$-W is found in the W film deposited on the Si substrate for high R, while $\alpha$-W is not found in the W film deposited on the TiN substrate even for high R. Also junction leakages increase with increasing R, which is caused not only by the vertical Si consumption but also the lateral Si consumption.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.195-217
• /
• 1985

A statistical analysis on the ratio of weight-for-height in insurance medicine was carried out in a total of 12,690 insured persons who were medically examined at the Honam medical department, Dong Bang life insurance company, ltd. from June, 1979 to February, 1984. The results were as follows: 1. The mean value of the ratio of weight-for-height(W/H ratio) was $102.3{\pm}11.3%$ in all males, and $105.2{\pm}103.6%$ in all females. The difference of the values between males and females showed statistical significance(P<0.001). The mean value of W/H ratio in all the insureds was $103.8{\pm}12.9%$. In each age group, the mean value of female was higher than that of male without exception(P<0.001). The mean value of both sexes in each age group showed gradual increase with age except for the age group over 50(P<0.001). 2. The incidences of the average weighted, overweighted and underweighted lives were respectively 91.6% in all males, 84.2% in all females(P<0.001); 7.9% in all males, 15.4% in all females(P<0.001); 0.5% in all males, 0.4% in all females(P>0.05). The incidences of average weighted, overweighted and underweighted lives in all the insureds were respectively 87.6%, 12.0% and 0.5%. The incidence of the average weighted lives in male in each age group was always higher than that in female with the exception of the age group below 19(P<0.001), whereas the incidence of the overweighted lives in male in each age group was always lower than that in female(P<0.05 in the age group below 19, P<0.001 in the other age groups). The incidence of average weighted lives of both sexes in each age group showed gradual decrease with age from the second to fifth decade(P<0.001), whereas the incidence of the overweighted lives of both sexes in each age group showed gradual increase with age from the second to fifth decade(P<0.001). 3. The relative frequency distribution polygons of W/H ratio of both sexes drawn in a pair on one coordinate plane revealed lying in juxtaposition each other horizontally and showed the shifting of female's polygon to male's one toward the direction of greater value of W/H ratio at a short distance which increased gradually with age. 4. Correlations between both sexes and among age groups relating to W/H ratios of the insureds seem to be a physiological phenomenon of body build and should be considered on the rating of the build. Author prepared a rating table of build based on the correlations above menthioned. Some gradients by sex and age in the rating table of build are organized; in female group, the ratings of 0, 30-50, 50-100 and 100-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of 80-125%, $126{\sim}145%,\;146{\sim}165%$ and over 166% respectively in the age group of 29 or under, by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}130%,\;131{\sim}150%,\;151{\sim}170%$ and over 171% respectively in the age group of $30{\sim}59$, and by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}135%,\;136{\sim}155%,\;156{\sim}175%$ and over 176% respectively in the age group of 60 or over. In male group, the ratings of 0, $30{\sim}50$, 50-100, and 100-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of $80{\sim}120%,\;121{\sim}140%,\;141{\sim}160%$ and over 161% respectively in all ages. Of under weighted lives, in both sexes, the ratings of 30-50 and 50-D are to calculate by the build with W/H ratio of $76{\sim}79%$ and under 75% respectively. The results of the ratings according to a rating table by author were as follows: The incidence of the ratings of 0, 30-50, 50-100 and 100-D showed no difference between male and female. The incidence of the ratings of 0(indicating the average weighted lives) showed gradual decrease with age and the incidence of the ratings of 30-50 and 50-100(indicating the overweighted lives) showed gradual increase with age. These results are thought to be considerably reasonable because the incidence of the builds in each age group is supposed to have no difference by sex and the incidence of the overweighted lives would increase with age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
• /
• 2004.06a
• /
• pp.207-209
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to estimate the effects of salinity and washing of food wastes on temperature, pH, and salinity in aerobic composting of food wastes. Weight ratios of food wastes to water in washing were 1:0(Control), 1:1(W-1), 1:2(W-2), 1:3(W-3) and 1:4(W-4), respectively. Ratios of food wastes to wood chips in reactor of Control, W-1, W-2, W-3 and W-4 were 5kg:5L, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with 1 hour stirring by 1 rpm and 2 hours aeration per day. The increase in the ratio of food wastes to water used in washing resulted in the decrease of the highest reaction temperature and the elongation of the high temperature reaction period. The lowering of the ratio of food wastes to water used in washing resulted in faster pH increase The final salinities of Control, W-1, W-2, W-3 and W-4 were 0.95%, 0.73%, 0.65%, 0.57% and 0.41%, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2004

This study was performed to estimate the effects of washing of food wastes on temperature, pH, weight and volume reduction and salinity in aerobic composting of food wastes. Weight ratios of food wastes to water in washing were 1:0(Control), 1:1 (W-1), 1:2(W-2), 1:3(W-3) and :4(W-4), respectively. Ratios of food wastes to wood chips in reactor of Control, W-1, W-2, W-3 and W-4 were 5 kg:5 1, respectively. Reactors were operated for 24 days with 1 hour stirring by 1 rpm and 2 hours aeration per day. The increase in the ratio of food wastes to water used in washing resulted in the decrease of the highest reaction temperature and the elongation of the high temperature reaction period. The lowering of the ratio of food wastes to water used in washing resulted in faster pH increase and the steady state in the weight reduction rate and the volume reduction rate of composts. The final salinities of Control, W-1, W-2, W-3 and W-4 were 0.95%, 0.73％, 0.65%, 0.57％ and 0.41％, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.92-99
• /
• 2005

A closed-circuit type wind tunnel is designed, which has a test section with the dimensions $1.2(W){\times}1.2(H){\times}3.4(L)$. A subsonic wind tunnel is designed to improves educational circumstances and promote ground tests. It is constituted of an exchangeable test section, first and second diffusers, a fan, a settling chamber, a contraction, and 4 corners. The maximum velocity in the test section is 70m/s and the contraction ratio is 6.25:1. Input power in the wind tunnel is about 96.1 kw (128.8 hp) and its energy ratio is 3.89. It has the dimension of about $7.4(W){\times}3.6(H){\times}21.7m(L)$. The wind tunnel designed in this investigation will be an effective educational and investigational equipment.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.52 no.2
• /
• pp.164-168
• /
• 2008

CaWO4 crystals were synthesized by a microemulsion method. Various sizes and shapes of CaWO4 were obtained by changing the molar ratio (w) of H2O to CTAB. At w=5 and 10, oval CaWO4 crystals with length of 100 nm and 500 nm were obtained, respectively. At w=20, rod-like CaWO4 crystal with length of 1 μm was obtained. The sphere CaWO4 crystal with length of about 2~3 μm was obtained at w=30. The CaWO4 crystal morphology changes from oval to sphere via a rod by aggregation with increasing the molar ratio of H2O to CTAB.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 1992.11a
• /
• pp.28-30
• /
• 1992

Long incubation period of W nucleation on the TiN glue layer is a serious problem in blanket W process. In this study we investigated the dependence of W nucleation and growth rate on the preparation method of the TiN film, deposition temperature, chemistry, $SiH_4/WF_6$ ratio and sputter etching, ion implantation, and $SiH_4$ flushing pre-treatments. Incubation periods of W nucleation and deposition rates of W growth on three different TiNs are in the order of TiN>RTP-TiN> annealed TiN and TiN${\leq}$RTP-TiN${\leq}$ annealed TiN, respectively. $\beta$-W is not found on TiN substrate even for high $SiH_4/WF_6$ ratio. Sputter etching pre-treatment increases incubation period of W nucleation, while it decreases deposition rate. $SiH_4$ flushing pre-treatment decreases incubation period, but it slightly decreases deposition rate.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.652-663
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to make clear reduction ratio due to the stretch ratio and to find out the ease for the patterns of stretch skirt according to the body types to improve the aesthetics and wearing satisfaction. Therefore, fundamental data for aesthetic and functional patternmaking of the stretch skirt can be suggested. The results from the study were as follows: 1. The results from the appearance test were as follows. For the ease on waist, W+0cm and W - lcm for thin body type were suggested for the best fit. For the ease on hip, H+0cm and H-2cm for thin body type were suggested for the best fit. 2. The results from wearing satisfaction test were as fDllows. W+Ocm, H+Ocm for thin body type were suggested for the best wearing satisfaction. 3. Based on the results from the above tests, the pattern reduction ratios for stretch skirt were as follows: pattern reduction ratio 3.3 ∼ 5.0% of waist, 4.8 ∼7.2% of hip for thin body type were suggested for the appropriate reduction ratio for stretch skirt. 4. The result from this study for stretch skirt was as follows: For thin body type, W+0cm, W - lcm for waist and H+0cm, H-2cm for hip were appropriate for stretch skirt pattern. Therefore, different ease has to be applied to stretch skirt pattern according to the body parts, to make the skirt looks good, is appropriate for thin body type, and is satisfied with appearance and wearing satisfaction test.