• 제목/요약/키워드: GyrA

검색결과 163건 처리시간 0.023초

gyrA and gyrB Mutations in Quinolone-resistant Strains of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from General Hospitals in Busan

  • Kim, Yun-Tae;Kim, Tae-Un
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.141-148
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    • 2007
  • We determined the sequences of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and gyrB for 21 clinical strains of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and levofloxacin. The clinical strains were isolated from the specimens of three general hospitals in Busan. In the present study, we found mutations in type II topoisomerase (DNA gyrase) genes for all strains. We confirmed that some genera of Enterobacteriaceae of clinical specimen exhibited decreased sensitivity to fluroquinolone due to changes in Ser-83$\rightarrow$Leu and Asp-87$\rightarrow$Asn types on gyrA and alterations in Glu-465$\rightarrow$Arg and Ser-492$\rightarrow$Asn type on gyrB. All the twenty-one strains had a missense mutation in gyrA (codon 83 and 87). Three of them had an additional mutation in gyrB (codon 465 or 492), but one of them had an additional mutation in gyrB (codon 426, 427, 491, 495 and 496). The strains which had two mutations in type II topoisomerase genes (gyrA and gyrB) were significantly more resistant to fluoroquinolones than those with a single mutation in gyrA (mean MICs of ciprofloxacin: $\geq8\mu$g/ml, mean MICs of levofloxacin: $\geq16\mu$g/ml). Interestingly, the examination of silent nucleotide changes n the gyrA and gyrB genes revealed six different patterns of DNA polymorphism, respectively. Fifteen strains of the twenty-one strains bearing the gyrase A mutation shared the same polymorphism and eleven strains of the twenty-one strains bearing the gyrase B mutation shared the same polymorphism.

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혈액배양에서 분리된 Fluoroquinolone계 약제 내성 황색포도알균의 SCCmec 아형에 따른 gyrA와 gyrB 유전자에서의 DNA 돌연변이 양상 (DNA Mutation Pattern of gyrA and gyrB Genes according to the SCCmec Subtype of Quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Blood Culture)

  • 황인원;김상하;정태원;김영권;김성현
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제56권2호
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    • pp.115-124
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    • 2024
  • 플루오로퀴놀론(fluoroquinolone, FQ) 항균제 내성을 갖는 황색포도알균(Staphylococcus aureus)의 출현 및 확산으로 감염증 치료에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이 퀴놀론 내성 황색포도알균(quinolone resistant S. aureus, QRSA) 에 대한 분자역학적 특성을 조사하여 치료에 도움을 주는 자료를 만들고자하였다. 대전광역시 소재 1개 종합병원에서 혈액배양 검체에서 분리된 QRSA 균주를 대상으로 mecA와 SCCmec 유전자형 분석에 따른, gyrA, gyrB 유전자의 돌연변이를 조사하였다. Ciprofloxacin 내성균주는 SCCmec typing에서 II형이 44개로 73%, IVa형이 5개로 8%, III와 V형이 1개로 2%, nontypeable 균주가 11개로 18%, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin은 II형이 44개로 73%, IVa형이 5개로 8%, III와 V형이 1개로 2%, non typeable 균주가 10개로 17%의 결과를 보였다. gyrA와 gyrB 영역 모두에서 58개로 96.7%, levofloxacin은 56개로 93.3%, moxifloxacin에는 57개로 95%를 나타냈다. QRSA 균주에 대한 gyrA와 gyrB의 돌연변이는 각각 6개씩 12개의 돌연변이가 확인되었다. 연구 대상 QRSA의 FQ 항균제의 내성률은 약 98%를 나타냈고, QRSA 균주에 대한 gyrA와 gyrB의 돌연변이는 각각 6개씩 12개의 돌연변이가 확인되었다.

The mechanism of quinolone resistance in staphylococcus aureus

  • Lee, Youn Yeong;Kong, Jaeyang;Youngha Rhee;Kim Eun Hee
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.360-365
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    • 1992
  • Sataphylococcus aureus의 퀴놀론계 약물에 대한 내성 기착을 이해하고자 ofloxacin에 내성을 보이는 임상 채취 8 균주의 Sataphylococcus aureus (ORSA)에 대하여 MIC 검사, gyrA 유전자 부근의 Southern 분석 및 아미노산 26번에서 121번까지를 포함하는 290bp의 gyrA 유전자 일부(gyrA-290)의 염기 서열 분석을 행하였다. ORSA 들은 퀴놀론계 약물에 대하여 높은 수준의내성을 보였으며(8-250 배의 MIC 증가), ${\beta}-lactam$계 약물에 대하여도 상당한 수준의 내성(2-32배의 MIC 증가)을 보였다. 하지만 ORSA 들은 vancomycin에 관한 감수성의 변화를 보이지는 않았다. ORSA에 대하여 Southern 분석을 실시한 결과, HindIII, PstI 및 AluI의 경우에는 gyrA 유전자 부근에서 RFLP가 발견되었다. GyrA 유전자를 더 분석하고자 gryA-290 부분을 중합효소 연쇄반응(PCR)으로 증폭하여 pTZ 벡터에 클론하였다. gryA-290의 염기 서열을 분석한 결과, 8 ORSA 균주 모두에 관하여 점 돌연변이의 결과로 Ser-84이 Leu-84으로 치환됨이 밝혀졌다. 이로서 gyrA 유전자의 84번째 아미노산의 치환이 Staphylococcus aureus의 퀴놀론 내성 발현의 중요한 기작 중 하나일 가능성이 있다고 생각된다.

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Molecular Cloning of the DNA Gyrase Genes from Methylovorus Sp. Strain SS1 and the Mechanism of Intrinsic Quinolone Resistance in Methylotrophic Bacteria

  • Kim, Kwang-Seo;Kim, Jeong Hoon;Kim, Do Yeob;Kim, Hyun Jong;Park, Sang Tae;Kim, Young Min
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.392-400
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    • 2005
  • The genes encoding the DNA gyrase A (GyrA) and B subunits (GyrB) of Methylovorus sp. strain SS1 were cloned and sequenced. gyrA and gyrB coded for proteins of 846 and 799 amino acids with calculated molecular weights of 94,328 and 88,714, respectively, and complemented Escherichia coli gyrA and gyrB temperature sensitive (ts) mutants. To analyze the role of type II topoisomerases in the intrinsic quinolone resistance of methylotrophic bacteria, the sequences of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) in the A subunit of DNA gyrase and the C subunit (ParC) of topoisomerase IV (Topo IV) of Methylovorus sp. strain SS1, Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 NCIB 9133, Methylobacillus sp, strain SK1 DSM 8269, and Methylophilus methylotrophus NCIB 10515 were determined. The deduced amino acid sequences of the QRDRs of the ParCs in the four methylotrophic bacteria were identical to that of E. coli ParC. The sequences of the QRDR in GyrA were also identical to those in E. coli GyrA except for the amino acids at positions 83, 87, or 95. The $Ser^{83}$ to Thr substitution in Methylovorus sp. strain SS1, and the $Ser^{83}$ to Leu and $Asp^{87}$ to Asn substitutions in the three other methylotrophs, agreed well with the minimal inhibitory concentrations of quinolones in the four bacteria, suggesting that these residues play a role in the intrinsic susceptibility of methylotrophic bacteria to quinolones.

임상검체와 가축으로부터 분리된 대장균을 대상으로 Quinolone계 항균제 내성인자 분석 (Analysis of Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Specimens and Livestock Feces)

  • 성지연
    • 대한임상검사과학회지
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    • 제50권4호
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    • pp.422-430
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    • 2018
  • 퀴놀론 항균제가 사람과 동물에게 부적절하고 광범위하게 사용될 경우 항균제내성인자의 출현 및 확산이 가속화 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 돼지의 직장면봉 검체(N=40) 및 임상 검체로(N=25)부터 분리된 총 65균주의 nalidixic acid 내성 대장균을 대상으로 quinolone 내성 기전을 조사하였다. 항균제 감수성은 디스크 확산법에 의해 결정되었다. Quinolone 내성과 관련된 유전자와 돌연변이를 조사하기 위해 PCR 및 DNA sequencing이 수행되었다. 총 65균주의 nalidixic acid 내성 대장균 중 62균주가 gyrA, parC, parE 유전자에 돌연변이를 포함하고 있었는데, gyrA 유전자에 돌연변이를 포함하고 있는 균주는 62균주(95.4%)였고, 35균주(53.8%)가 parC 유전자에 돌연변이를 갖고 있었으며, 7균주(10.8%)가 parE 유전자에 돌연변이를 포함하고 있었다. 35균주는 gyrA 와 parC 유전자에 모두 돌연변이를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 총 65균주의 대장균을 대상으로 plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) determinants를 조사하였다. 65균주의 nalidixic acid 내성 대장균 중 13균주에서 qnrS 유전자가 검출되었으나 이 중 10균주는 gyrA, parC, parE 유전자에 돌연변이를 포함하고 있는 것을 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 사람과 돼지로부터 분리된 대장균이 quinolone 계열 항균제에 내성을 나타내는데 중요한 역할을 하는 기전이 gyrA, parC, parE 유전자에 염색체 돌연변이가 발생하는 경우임을 확인하였는데 이 돌연변이들은 치료목적 또는 동물의 성장촉진을 위한 항균제의 과다사용으로 유발될 수 있다.

닭 도축장에서 분리한 nalidixic acid 내성 Salmonella 균의 gyrA 유전자 돌연변이 (Mutation in gyrA gene of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates isolated from poultry slaughterhouse)

  • 조재근;손규희;김경희;김정미;박대현;이정우
    • 한국동물위생학회지
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.153-159
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    • 2019
  • The objective of this study was to identify mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE genes, and the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes: qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-lb-cr and qepA in 40 nalidixic acid- resistant ($NA^R$) Salmonella isolates isolated from poultry slaughterhouse. The MIC of NA and ciprofloxacin for 40 $NA^R$ Salmonella isolates was $128{\sim}512{\mu}g/mL$ and < $0.125{\sim}0.25{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The Salmonella isolates were resistant to NA (100%), gentamicin (5.0%) and ampicillin (2.5%). All $NA^R$ Salmonella isolates represented point mutation in codons Aspartic acid(Asp)-87 (90%) and Serine(Ser)-83 (10%) of QRDR of gyrA gene: $Asp87{\rightarrow}glycine$, $Ser83{\rightarrow}tyrosine$. No mutations were observed in QRDR of the gyrB, parC and parE gene. Moreover PMQR genes was not found in any of the tested isolates. Our findings showed that DNA gyrase is the primary target of quinolone resistance and a single mutation in codon Asp87 and Ser83 of the gyrA gene can confer resistance to NA and reduced susceptibility ciprofloxacin in Salmonella isolates.

Mutations in the gyrB, parC, and parE Genes of Quinolone-Resistant Isolates and Mutants of Edwardsiella tarda

  • Kim, Myoung-Sug;Jun, Lyu-Jin;Shin, Soon-Bum;Park, Myoung-Ae;Jung, Sung-Hee;Kim, Kwang-Il;Moon, Kyung-Ho;Jeong, Hyun-Do
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제20권12호
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    • pp.1735-1743
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    • 2010
  • The full-length genes gyrB (2,415 bp), parC (2,277 bp), and parE (1,896 bp) in Edwardsiella tarda were cloned by PCR with degenerate primers based on the sequence of the respective quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR), followed by elongation of 5' and 3' ends using cassette ligation-mediated PCR (CLMP). Analysis of the cloned genes revealed open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins of 804 (GyrB), 758 (ParC), and 631 (ParE) amino acids with conserved gyrase/topoisomerase features and motifs important for enzymatic function. The ORFs were preceded by putative promoters, ribosome binding sites, and inverted repeats with the potential to form cruciform structures for binding of DNA-binding proteins. When comparing the deduced amino acid sequences of E. tarda GyrB, ParC, and ParE with those of the corresponding proteins in other bacteria, they were found to be most closely related to Escherichia coli GyrB (87.6% identity), Klebsiella pneumoniae ParC (78.8% identity), and Salmonella Typhimurium ParE (89.5% identity), respectively. The two topoisomerase genes, parC and parE, were found to be contiguous on the E. tarda chromosome. All 18 quinolone-resistant isolates obtained from Korea thus far did not contain subunit alternations apart from a substitution in GyrA (Ser83$\rightarrow$Arg). However, an alteration in the QRDR of ParC (Ser84$\rightarrow$Ile) following an amino acid substitution in GyrA (Asp87$\rightarrow$Gly) was detected in E. tarda mutants selected in vitro at $8{\mu}g/ml$ ciprofloxacin (CIP). A mutant with a GyrB (Ser464$\rightarrow$Leu) and GyrA (Asp87$\rightarrow$Gly) substitution did not show a significant increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CIP. None of the in vitro mutants exhibited mutations in parE. Thus, gyrA and parC should be considered to be the primary and secondary targets, respectively, of quinolones in E. tarda.

TopoisomeraseII and Topoisomerase IV Gene Mutations Fluoroquinolone Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Kim Yuntae;Baik Heongseok
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.507-514
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    • 2004
  • The Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the clinical specimens has a mutation on the QRDR (quinolone resistance determining region). There were obvious mutations in both gyrA and parC gene which are major targets of quinolone. Simultaneous mutations were found two sites or more on these genes in all of ten strains. GyrB or parE gene had only silent mutation without converted amino acids. We confirmed that P. aeruginosa from clinical specimens exhibited decreased sensitivity to fluroquiolone due to changed Thr-83→lle and Asp-87→Asn types on gyrA and altered Ser-87→Leu type on parC. This is the first finding that a new Met-93→Thr type on parC as well as mutations on gyrB or parE genes differed from existing patterns. This study showed more mutations of gyrA rather than parC, suggesting that change of Type Ⅳ topoisomerase is more serious than that of type Ⅱ (DNA gyrase).

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결핵균에서 gyrA 유전자 돌연변이에 따른 Fluoroquinolone계 약제들의 교차내성 (Cross Resistance of Fluoroquinolone Drugs on gyrA Gene Mutation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis)

  • 박영길;박찬홍;고원중;권오정;김범준;국윤호;조상래;장철훈;배길한
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제59권3호
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    • pp.250-256
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    • 2005
  • 배 경 : FQ계 약제는 다제내성 결핵환자들의 치료를 위한 주용 2차 항결핵약제의 하나이다. 그러나 FQ계 여러 약제들 간 교차내성정도와 내성관련 유전자인 gyrA의 돌연변이간 관련성을 조사하게 되었다. 방 법 : 결핵균 중에서 OFX 내성인 63균주와 감수성인 10균주를 대상으로 Lowenstein-Jensen 배지에 CIP, LVX, MXF, GAT, SPX 등에 대한 교차내성을 조사하였다. 퀴놀론계 각 약제를 $0.5-3{\mu}g/ml$ 농도로 첨가한 배지에서, $2{\mu}g/ml$ 이상에서 균이 발육한 경우를 내성으로 판정하였다. OFX 내성인 균주의 gyrA 및 gyrB 유전자의 돌연변이가 잘 발생하는 곳을 염기서열 분석하여 약제별로 그 교차내성 양상을 비교하였다. 결 과 : OFX 내성인 63균주 모두가 CIP약제에서는 교차내성을 나타내었고, LVX에는 90.5%, MXF에는 44.4%, GAT에는 36.5%, SPX에는 46.0%가 교차내성을 보였다. 이들 내성균주의 81.0%가 gyrA 유전자에 돌연변이를 가지고 있었으며, 그 분포는 아미노산 88번, 90번, 91번, 94번에서 나타났다. 그 중에서도 Gly88Ala, Ala90Val, Asp94Ala 돌연변이는 제3세대 FQ계 약제인 MXF, GAT, SPX에 감수성을 나타내는 경향이 있었다. 한편 gyrB 유전자에서는 63개 OFX 내성균주 중 4균주만이 돌연변이를 나타내었으나, 이들과 gyrB 유전자내 돌연변이가 없는 균주들 사이에서 FQ의 내성에 관련해서 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : OFX 내성균 중에서 약 60% 정도가 제3세대 FQ계 약제에서 감수성을 보였다. 따라서 이 들 약제에 대해서는 별도로 감수성검사를 실시하여 처방에 활용한다면, OFX 내성환자의 치료를 크게 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

Fluoroquinolone Resistance and gyrA and parC Mutations of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken

  • Lee Young-Ju;Cho Jae-Keun;Kim Ki-Seuk;Tak Ryun-Bin;Kim Ae-Ran;Kim Jong-Wan;Im Suk-Kyoung;Kim Byoung-Han
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • 제43권5호
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    • pp.391-397
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    • 2005
  • Escherichia coli is a common inhabitant of the intestinal tracts of animals and humans. The intestines of animals also represent an ideal environment for the selection and transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the resistance of E. coli isolated from chicken fecal samples to fluoroquinolones and to analyze the characterization of mutations in its gyrA and parC gene related resistance. One hundred and twenty-eight E. coil isolates showed a high resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP; $60.2\%$), enrofloxacin (ENO; $73.4\%$) and norfloxacin (NOR; $60.2\%$). Missense mutation in gyrA was only found in the amino acid codons of Ser-83 or Asp-87. A high percentage of isolates ($60.2\%$) showed mutations at both amino acid codons. Missense mutation in parC was found in the amino acid codon of Ser-80 or Glu-84, and seven isolates showed mutations at both amino acid codons. Isolates with a single mutation in gyrA showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for CIP (${\le}0.5\;to\;0.75{\mu}g/ml$), ENO (1 to $4{\mu}g/ml$) and NOR (0.75 to $4{\mu}g/ml$). These MIC were level compared to isolates with two mutations, one in gyrA and one in parC, and three mutations, one in gyrA and two in parC (CIP, ${\le}0.5\;to\;3{\mu}g/ml;\;ENO,\;2\;to\;32<{\mu}g/ml;\;NOR,\;1.5\;to\;6\;{\mu}g/ml$). However, the isolates with two mutation in gyrA regardless of whether there was a mutation in parC showed high MIC for the three fluoroquinolones (CIP, 0.75 to $32{\le}{\mu}g/ml;\;ENO,\;3\;to\;32{\le}{\mu}g/ml;\;NOR,\;3\;to\;32{\le}{\mu}g/ml$). Interestingly, although the E. coil used in this study was isolated from normal flora of chicken, not clinical specimens, a high percentage of isolates showed resistance to fluoroquinolones and possessed mutations at gyrA and parC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.