• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.331-333
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• 1994

A 23-year-old twin brother visited our hospital for the evaluation of anosmia and delayed secondary sexual maturation. They show eunuchoid apperance, gynecomastia, micropenis and scanty pubic hair. On hormonal study, they show findings of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. So they were treated with HCG for 3 months and thereafter with testosterone. Herein we report a case of Kallman's syndrome in twin brother.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.706-709
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• 2005

The absence of the nipple-areolar complex(NAC) in men are seldom stated, as a result of trauma, burn, mastectomy, or after the correction of extreme bilateral gynecomastia. A total of 50 healthy men aged 21 to 27 years were examined. We recorded the configuration (dimensions and shape) and the location of the NAC with respect to fixed skeletal anatomic landmarks. Of the 50 subjects examined, 44 had oval and 6 had a round NAC. The mean diameter for a round NAC was 24.3 mm. The center of the NAC was in the fourth intercostal space in 41 volunteers and in the fifth intercostal space in 9 of the subjects. To localize the NAC on the chest wall, at least three reproducible measurements proved to be necessary, composed of a horizontal line(distance from the midsternal line to the nipple, A), a medial oblique line(distance from the sternal notch to the nipple, B) and a lateral oblique line(distance from the acromioclavicular joint to the nipple, C). Using these three parameters, we recommend that the appropriate location can be calculated derived from the circumference of the chest.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2015

Ginseng has long been used as a functional food or therapeutic supplement and it is empirically known to be safe and nontoxic. During recent decades, a number of in vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as human studies have been conducted to prove the safety of various types of ginseng samples and their components. Clinical trials, case reports, and in vitro and in vivo research articles addressing the safety, toxicity, and other adverse events of ginseng application were selected and reviewed. Patient risks associated with ginseng abuse and misuse such as affective disorder, allergy, cardiovascular and renal toxicity, genital organ bleeding, gynecomastia, hepatotoxicity, hypertension, reproductive toxicity, and anticoagulant-ginseng interaction were reviewed and summarized. There are some cases of patient risk associated with ginseng abuse and misuse depending on patients' conditions although further investigation in more cases is required to clarify these issues.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2003

Backgrounds: Kennedy disease is a X-linked recessive disease characterized by bulbar symptoms, proximal muscle weakness, and gynecomastia. Methods: We analyzed clinical symptoms and performed electrodiagnostic studies on 6 patients. Results: We found following features: 1) proximal muscle weakness 2) bulbar symptoms, as dysarthria, facial and tongue atrophy 3) hyporeflexia or areflexia 4) fasciculations, predominantly on face, and proximal upper extremities 5) decreased sensory nerve action potentials(SNAPs) 6) chronic neurogenic changes in needle EMG. Conclusions: Kennedy disease is characterized by degenerative process of anterior horn cell and dorsal root ganglion without upper motor neuron dysfunction. Increased triple nucleotide CAG repeats(>38) in androgen receptor gene of Xp21 will confirm early stage of this disease.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.174-176
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• 2013

Klinefelter syndrome is the most common genetic form of male hypogonadism, but the phenotype becomes evident only after puberty. It is characterized by infertility, small testes, sparse body and facial hair, increased body weight, gynecomastia, increased LH and FSH, and a low level of testosterone. Early recognition and treatment of Klinefelter syndrome can significantly improve the patient's quality of life and prevent serious consequences. Here, we report an infertile man with a rare variant of Klinefelter syndrome with a 47, XY, i(X)(q10) karyotype.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.523-525
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• 2008

11 year old male Yorkshire terrier was referred to Haemaru Referral Animal Hospital with signs of hematuria, petechia, and gynecomastia. Blood works revealed severe leukopenia, moderate anemia and severe thrombocytopenia. On ultrasonography and radiography, mixed echo texture mass was found in abdomen. The abdominal mass was surgically removed, and submitted for histopathology. Histopathologic features of the tissues were consistent with malignant Sertoli cell tumor. Bone marrow aspirates were hypocellular. Serum estrogen concentration was 72.80 pg/ml (normal range for females <15 pg/ml) after surgery. Clinical signs of feminization and hemorrhagic diathesis were attributed to hyperestrinism caused by the tumor. The dog was put on fluid therapy, antibiotics and palliative drugs and survived 2 more weeks after surgery without clinical improvement.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.78-81
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• 2019

Some canine typical Sertoli cell tumors (SCT) induce signs of hyperestrinism. However, whether variant lipid-rich SCTs have signs of hyperestrinism remains largely unknown. In the present study, an 11-year-old male Pekingese dog showed significantly elevated serum estrogen and characteristic signs of hyperestrinism such as gynecomastia and alopecia. Cytological, radiological and ultrasound examinations found testicular mass, prostatitis with squamous metaplasia, and cystitis. Pathologically, the tumor lesions consisted mainly of lipid-rich tumor cells with signet-ring appearance, which were immunohistochemically positive for vimentin and anti-$M{\ddot{u}}llerian$ hormone. Based on the findings, a diagnosis of lipid-rich Sertoli cell tumor was established. In conclusion, a canine lipid-rich SCT induced signs of hyperestrinism and caused prostatitis via squamous metaplasia due to its excessive secretion of estrogen.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2019

Transsexual individuals with gender dysphoria or gender identity disorder are rare, with a prevalence reported to range from 0.002% to 0.014%. Studies have shown that mastectomy yields significant improvements in body image and self-esteem in female-to-male transsexual patients. In patients with grade III breast ptosis, mastectomy with a nipple-areolar complex (NAC) graft is the most commonly used technique, although it has several disadvantages. In the case described herein, a bilateral mastectomy preserving the NAC in an inferior pedicle was performed. Additionally, a thin superior thoracic dermal-fat flap was preserved and eventually sutured at the previous inframammary fold, preventing an inverted T scar. This case shows the advantage of this technique for preserving the blood supply and innervation of the NAC, with a low hypopigmentation risk. Furthermore, in this technique, the patch effect does not impair the results of the NAC graft, and there is no need to use an inverted T scar that may result in thoracic feminization.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.221-224
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• 2021

A 8-year-old male Golden Retriever dog with bilateral cryptorchidism presented for evaluation of symmetric alopecia and gynecomastia. Abdominal radiography and computed tomography revealed bilateral enlargement of the testicles in the abdominal cavity. The concentrations of estradiol and testosterone in the blood were evaluated, and the results revealed a low testosterone/estradiol ratio despite a normal concentration of estradiol. For correction, cryptorchid testicles were surgically removed. Grossly, the bilateral retroperitoneal cryptorchid testicles were enlarged, firm, and spherical. On histopathologic examination, the right abdominal cryptorchid testicle was diagnosed as a Sertoli cell tumor (SCT)-Seminoma (SEM) combination. The contralateral testicle in the abdomen was diagnosed as a Sertoli cell tumor. The clinical signs of feminization were improved after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a case of simultaneous SCT on one side and SCT-SEM combination on the other side with sex hormone profiles in a dog.

• Journal of Interdisciplinary Genomics
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2022

Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) is a syndrome with extra X chromosome(s), in XY individuals, characterized by gynecomastia, small testes, and infertility. Additional X chromosomes can be present as variable karyotypic forms, including mosaicism (47,XXY/46,XY). The reported prevalence of KS ranges from one in 500 to one in 1,000 live males, but is probably underestimated. The classic phenotype is small, firm testes and infertility resulting from seminiferous tubule dysgenesis and androgen deficiency. The spectrum of KS includes tall stature with relatively long legs and arm span, decreased body hair, learning disabilities, behavioral problems, poor motor skills, and other important medical issues, such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, certain neoplasia. The increased risk of certain medical problems in KS can be attributed to a direct effect of the extra X chromosome, the combined action of multiple genomic and epigenetic factors, or the hormonal imbalances. Typically, chromosome analysis is not ordered for adult patients with general medical conditions, except for suspected cases of hematologic and lymphoid disorders. Even though it was found during work-up for certain disorders in adult patient, most physicians do not suspect KS or consider its impact. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology and variable manifestation in KS is necessary, and discussions with multidisciplinary teams will help to diagnose and treat males with KS.