• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.379-386
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the mating system on the retail cut yield and meat quality in pigs. A total of 210 samples were used to estimate meat productivity and meat quality two blocks of two boarlines Duroc (D) and Berkshire (B) were mated to sows of the sowlines Yorkshire×Landrace (YL) and Berkshire (B). Results showed that YLD (YL♀×D♂) and BD (B♀×D♂) had higher percentages of Boston butt and belly than YLB while it has higher percentages of lean meat yield than YLB (YL♀×B♂). There were no significant differences in crude protein and ash content of pork from different breeds (P>0.05). However, YLB and YLD had higher moisture content in loin and Boston butt than BD (P<0.05). The pH of BD was highest in pork loin and belly (P<0.05). There differences in meat yield, pH and moisture content among the genotypes suggested that pork quality might be affected by the lightness and cooking loss. BD was lowest lightness value (CIE L*) and cooking loss in pork loin among the genotypes (P<0.05). The percentage of saturated palmitic acid (C16:0) in Boston butt (P<0.05) of BD had significant lower, while the percentage of unsaturated palmitoleic (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) had higher in pork loin and belly (P<0.05). Drip and marbling score were found significantly different in genotypes and BD had lower drip and higher marbling score in pork loin and belly (P<0.05). The sensory evaluations indicated that the highest overall acceptability in BD was attained. From the results, BD breed had highest meat quality among crossbred pigs.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.116-129
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the associations of social capital with suicidal thoughts and attempts in Korean communities with poor health. Methods: We used the data from community health interviews conducted at 40 administrative sections (dong, eup, or myeon) with high mortality from August to October in 2010, 2011, and 2012 as part of the Health Plus Happiness Plus Projects in Gyeongsangnam-do Province. The 8,800 study subjects composed of 220 adults systematically sampled from each administrative section were asked if they had thought about suicide or had attempted suicide within 1 year. The social participation was measured with 'participation in formal and/or informal group' and trust using responses to three questions about trust of others. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt within 1 year were 10.4% and 0.8%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis revealed that those who participated in only informal groups, or had highest trust level reported less suicidal ideation, or attempt after adjusting for socio-demographic factors (sex, age, marital status, occupation, and food affordability), self-rated health, and health behaviors (smoking, alcohol drinking, and exercise). Conclusions: This study suggested social capital such as social participation and trust was associated with less suicide ideation and attempt. More studies are warranted for the association of social capital with suicidal behavior.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1995

We examined the effects of seed treatment on field germination rate and seedling growth for four woody species, Euonymus alatus, Thea sinensis, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Nandina domestia which are economically useful in Korea. The seeds of each species were purified carefully after collection during Oct. and Nov.. E. alatus, T. sinensis, and Z. piperitum were sowed in the experimental field after stored in open ground with treatment of Pon-Pon. $H_2O_2$, $GA_3$, scarification. and N. domestica was sowed in container within green house after treatment of three different periods(7, 15, 21days) in growth chamber(4, 25, $32^{\circ}C$). Germination rate and seedling growth were measured in mid-Oct.. In E. alatus germination rate was higher in storaging in open ground after soaking in $GA_3$(67.1%) than in only storaging in open ground(18.4%). But the rate in T. sinensis showed no differences between storage in open ground after treatment of $GA_3$, and scarification, and only storage in open ground, Germination rate of Z. piperitum was much higher in storaging in open ground after treatment of Pon-Pon(80.3%) than in only storaging in open ground(12.4%). In N. domestica. seeds stored for 7 days at $32^{\circ}C$ were germinated faster than those stored for 7 days at $4^{\circ}C$, and germination rate of the former was also higher than that of the latter. Peak Times of seed germination in field were order of E. alatus (32 days). Z. piperitum (49 days). T. sinensis (83 days), N. domestica (87 days). The growth of seedling germinated in field showed a good result because of early germination following the effect of seed treatment. The periods of highest growth performances of the seedlings were 72 days in late Jun.-mid Jul. in E. alatus. 59 days in late Jun.- mid Jul. in Z. Piperitum, and 45 days in mid Aug.- mid Sep. in T. sinensis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2005

To investigate the germanium content in paddy soil in Gyeongnam province, 310 paddy soil samples were collected at 19 areas in Gyeongnam, Ulsan and Busan. Contents of germanium in paddy soils were analyzed in different topographies, soil types and soil textures. Average content of germanium in Gyeongnam was 0.24 mr/kg, those of Masan, Jinju and Hadong were above 0.30 mg/kg. Germanium content with different topographies were no difference. Germanium contents in different soil types were 0.27 mg/kg in well adapted soil and 0.23 mg/kg in poorly drained soil. Germanium contents in different soil textures were 0.27 mg/kg in silt loam and 0.23 mg/kg in sandy loam. To determine germanium content on agricultural product in the field, content of germanium in cereals, vegetables and fruits were analyzed. Germanium content of agricultural product was high in the order of cereals>vegetables>fruits. In case of vegetables, germanium contents were high in the order of leaf vegetables>root vegetables>fruit vegetables. Germanium contents were high with 62 and $65{\mu}g/kg$ in lettuce and young radish, respectively. To analyze the germanium content in medicinal plant, samples were collected from 19 medicinal plants at Hamyang areas. Germanium contents in Angelica keiskei, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Panax ginseng and Atractylodes macrocephala were relatively high with $100{\mu}g/kg$ above.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2018

In order for monitoring of pathogenic bacterial contamination in the freshly slaughtered poultry meats produced in Gyeong-Nam province, we first isolated 4 strains of Salmonella spp. and 32 strains of Enterococcus faecalis from the total 164 samples, then we analyzed potential virulence gene profiles of the bacterial isolates by PCR using species-specific primer. The potential virulence genes we selected in this study were stn, invA, fimA, spvR, and spvC for the isolates of Salmonella spp. and those of esp, cylM, cylA, cylB, gelE, fsrA, fsrB, and fsrC were for the isolates of E. faecalis. The PCR results showed that all 5 virulence genes were detected simultaneously in the all isolates of Salmonella spp. However, there was a diverse occurrence pattern of the virulence genes in the case of E. faecalis. The gene for enterococcal surface protein (esp) was not detected among the isolates (0/32), and the haemolysin gene prevalence rate of cylA, cylB, and cylM were 3.1% (1/32), 9.3% (3/32), and 9.3% (3/32), respectively. Moreover, the genes of gelE, fsrA, fsrB, and fsrC that associated with gelatinase activity were detected in the rate of 53.1% (17/32), 53.1% (17/32), 53.1% (17/32), and 53.1% (17/32), respectively. In conclusion, in the isolates of Salmonella spp., all possessed 5 virulence genes tested, suggesting that they are all related with each other clonally. However, in the case of E. faecalis isolates, the occurrence of the haemolysin genes (cylM, cylA, cylB) and the gelatinase genes (gelE, fsrABC) was highly variable among the isolates.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2018

Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) are found in animals, humans, and environment. In addition, S. Enteritidis draws attention to the public health concerns due to carriage of antibiotic resistance traits. For these reasons, the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of S. Enteritidis are significant issues with regard to public health. To address this issues, a total of 24 strains of S. Enteritidis from 164 samples collected from several slaughterhouses in Gyeong-Nam province in order for antibiotic resistance profiles. Subsequently, we characterized the genotyping by random amplification polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. As a result, very high level of resistance to protein synthesis inhibition antibiotics and most isolates were susceptible to others. Six random primers were used for RAPD-PCR to reveal genotypes of S. Enteritidis isolates. One of the primer, P1245, generated 147 distinct RAPD-PCR fragments ranging from 400~3000 bp. The number of RAPD-PCR products ranged from 4 to 8 for this primer. The RAPD-PCR fragments could be placed these strains into 3 subgroups and 2 classes by UPGMA cluster analysis. Interestingly, several S. Enteritidis that isolated from different slaughterhouses showed same genotype. These results showed only limited genetic variation among the isolates, those were grouped into a few different patterns of antibiotic resistance.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-34
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• 1984

The Ordovician limestone and dolomite was mineralized by the intrusion of quartz porphyry to form hydrothermal ore deposit along the fault shear zone, which trends $N30^{\circ}-40^{\circ}W$ dipping $60^{\circ}-70^{\circ}SW$. The primary manganese carbonates in the upper part of the deposit were oxidized to form supergene manganese ore deposits. The quartz porphyry is plotted mainly in granite region of the triangular diagram of normative composition. The granite phase contains more copper and lead, but less zinc, nickel and chromium than the granodiorite phase which occupies the northwestern part of the quartz porphyry. The content of copper, lead, zinc, nickel and chromium in the quartz porphyry is lower compared with the granitic rocks from the copper province in the Gyeongsang basin. But the granitic rocks from the lead-zinc province has lower content of copper and nickel than the quartz porphyry. The primary distribution pattern of trace elements in the country rock of limestone and dolomite has close relation with the hydrothermal mineralization, showing anomalous or high content near the fault shear zone. The secondary distribution pattern of trace elements in soils shows close relation with the solubility of the carbonates of the elements under weathering condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.10
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• pp.1543-1548
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• 2014

To study traditional Doenjang characteristics, Doenjang was purchased from five different provinces: Chungcheong (CC), Gangwon (GW), Gyeonggi (GG), Gyeongsang (GS), and Jeolla (JL). To determine physicochemical characteristics, contents of reducing sugar, amino type nitrogen, salt, pH, and acidity were analyzed. The sensory characteristics were analyzed by sensory descriptive analysis. Reducing sugar content was highest for Doenjang from GW province. Amino type nitrogen content was highest for Doenjang from JL province. The salt content was highest in Doenjang from CC and GS provinces. After principal component analysis (PCA) based on sensory descriptive analysis, salty taste and aftertaste were highly correlated with overall acceptance. In the correlation analysis among chemical compounds and overall acceptance, Doenjang contained low reducing sugar content, and high pH value was positively correlated with overall acceptance. In conclusion, Doenjang with high pH value and salty taste and aftertaste have high overall acceptance.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 2020

Human infection with Echinostoma aegyptica Khalil and Abaza, 1924 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) is extremely rare. In this study, we confirmed E. aegyptica infection in 5 riparian residents living along the Mekong River in Savannakhet Province, Lao PDR. The patients revealed eggs of Opisthorchis viverrini/minute intestinal flukes, echinostomes, and other parasites in fecal examinations using the Kato-Katz technique. Following treatment with praziquantel 30-40 mg/kg and pyrantel pamoate 10-15 mg/kg in a single dose and purging with magnesium salts, adult specimens of various helminth species were collected. Among the trematodes, echinostome flukes of 4.5-7.6 mm in length (n = 134; av. 22.3 specimens per case) were of taxonomic interest and subjected in this study. The flukes were morphologically characterized by having total 43-45 collar spines arranged in 2 alternating rows (corner spines usually 5 on each side) and compatible with previous descriptions of E. aegyptica. The patients were mixed-infected with other helminths, so specific clinical manifestations due to this echinostome fluke were difficult to determine. The present paper describes for the first time human E. aegyptica infections in Lao PDR. This is the second report of human infection (2nd-6th cases) with E. aegyptica in the world following the first one from China.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2013

This study which are recognized that the lack of empirical research about the efficiency of the elements of environmentally friendly housing development planned presented housing design elements and policies to revitalize for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by analyzing the effectiveness of reduction of greenhouse gas output. In addition, it used various models of DEA which are accepted until now effective technique to evaluate the performance of the organization. In conclusion, there are effective 5 regionals which are Seoul, Incheon, Ulsan, South Chungcheong Province, South Gyeongsang Province. other regionals was analyzed to be inefficient. The conclusion from this study are as follows: First, in case of 11 regionals which are analyzed to be inefficient, they have to difference plan elements to make up. So each region should establish strategy to complement vulnerability. Second, not only internal architectural factors but institutional, and external environmental factors also affect the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. And weighted scores also were moderately high. But levels of weighted scores still less than the ratio of Good quality housing. So it can be determined that evaluation of individual architecture still considered important. It need to pay more attention to the operating system and the external environmental factors.